Unyaka wokuqala wobomi bentsana unokwahlukana ngamaxesha amabini: ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu nangemva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Njengomthetho, emva kwesahlulo sokuqala sonyaka usana luqala ukuphuhlisa ngakumbi, luba luncedo ngakumbi kubantu abadala. Kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka apho umntwana eqala ukuhlala, eme, ahambe kwaye awakalise amagama akhe okuqala. Ngoko, masihlalutye inyanga yokugqibela yesiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka.
Ukuphuhliswa komzimba kwinyanga yesithandathu yobomi bentsana
Ngelo nyanga, ubunzima bomntwana bunyuke ngo-600-650 grams, i-140 gram nganye ngeveki. Usana lukhula ngokwezi-2.5 cm.
Ukunikezelwa kwamandla
Njengomthetho, ukufakwa kwesondlo esongezelelweyo kwintsana iqala ezintandathu zenyanga. Ngako oko, unako ukulahla malunga neenyanga ukulungiselela umba wokuzisa ukutya kokuqala okudibeneyo kwaye ufunde iincwadi ezifunekayo kule nto. Ngokuphathelele umntwana, ngubani osondeza ngokutya, unokusetyenziswa ngokutya okutsha, kuba kuye ukukhwela kokuqala kwaqala inyanga edlulileyo. Injongo yakho kukuqhubeka nokuzisa umntwana ngokutya okutsha ngokuhambelana neshedyuli yesondlo esongezelelweyo.
Inkunzi eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala inomphandi omncinci. Ukuba unayo ixesha kunye nomnqweno, vumela umncinci "prank" - ukuvavanya iziqulatho zesitya ngokutya. Uvuyo olukhulu kangakanani lo mntwana (kodwa kungekhona wena!) Yiba nokufumanisa okunjalo okumangalisayo, umzekelo, i-puree yemifuno ihlanjululwe kakuhle kwitafile, kodwa i-compote, ngesizathu esithile, ishiya nje umzila omanzi okanye udala i-meadow.
Amazinyo okuqala
Uninzi lwaba bantwana banamazinyo okuqala ngenyanga yesithandathu. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kukho konke uphuhliso lomntwana, akukho mida eqinile apha. Kwamanye abantwana, amazinyo okuqala avela kwiinyanga ezine, abanye - kwinyanga ezilishumi. Kwimiba emininzi, ixesha lokukhuphuka kwamazinyo okuqala lenza ukuba kulungiswe ifa.
Ukuba ixesha lokuqhuma kwamazinyo okuqala kuwo onke abantwana lingahluka, umyalelo wokuqhuma kwawo udla ngokufanayo. Okokuqala, i-incisors emibini engaphantsi, i-four incisors, i-ezine engaphezulu, kunye ne-incisors ezimbini eziphantsi. Njengomthetho, ngunyaka wokuqala wobomi umntwana usele enezinyo ezisibhozo zangaphambili.
Kufuneka ube nesigulane, njengoko inkqubo yokwenza abantwana abaninzi iimeko ezibuhlungu. Kwiinyanga ezili-3-4 ngaphambi kokubonakala kwamazinyo okuqala, umntwana uqala ukubandakanyeka ngokukhawuleza kwazo zonke izinto eziwela phantsi kwengalo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokutya zingabangela ukunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa ukuya kwi-37-38 ° C, izitenki eziqhelekileyo, ukunyuka kwamanzi. Kubalulekile ukudibanisa kunye nembono yokuba uxolo kwintsapho luphazamisekile ixesha elide, kuba inkqubo yokutya ide kakhulu kwaye ithatha umyinge we-2-2.5 iminyaka. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana ufumana amazinyo ama-20 ngesipho sokuthanda kunye nomonde.
Impumelelo nemincinci yeemvuthu
Ngengqiqo
- Ingane ibukele ixesha elithile emva kwezinto ezihambayo (umzekelo, umntu, imoto, njl).
- Umntwana unako ukuthelekisa izifundo ezimbini ezicatshangelwayo.
- Imvakalelo eguqukayo kunye neemvakalelo ezahlukahlukeneyo yimiba ephambili yomntwana wenyanga yesithandathu yobomi.
- Ingane ikhulisa inani lezandi ezivakalisiweyo, lidibanisa kwiibllabha.
I-sensory-motor
- Abanye abantwana beli phakade bayazi ukuba bahlala njani ne-flat back ngaphandle kwenkxaso yabantu abadala.
- Umntwana uphenduka kwaye ugoba kuzo zonke iintlobo zendlela.
- Inkwenkwe iphucula indlela yakhe. Ukuba umntwana sele esele azame ezinye ukutya, ngaphandle kobisi, ngoko unokhetho oluthile lokutya okhethekileyo.
- Umntwana uphendulela intloko ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
- Ingane izama ukukhahlela, ixhomekeke emadolweni kunye nezandla ezisezantsi.
- Umntwana sele esazi indlela yokusebenzisa izinto, kwaye kwanokuba uzame ukubeka indebe ezandleni zakhe unako ukuphumelela.
Intlalo
- Unomdla ukuba kukho umphambukeli osondeleyo.
- Uyancwina xa ebonakalisa kwisibuko.
- Ingane iphulaphule umculo kwaye izama "ukucula kunye", ngokungezelela umculo unokulilalisa umntwana okhalayo. Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya umntwana othulileyo umculo womculo okanye "izandi zendalo."
- Umntwana uyazi igama lakhe kwaye uphendukela kwizwi elimbiza.
- Intsana "igugu" kwaye ihleka xa ivakalelwa, iyonwabile kwaye imnandi.
Iworkshop yabazali abanolwazi
Ukuziphatha komntwana oneminyaka ezintlanu ubudala kunokuba lunentsingiselo ngakumbi kunexesha elidlulileyo lobomi. Ukunyuka kwamaninzi amaninzi kulungelelaniswa kwaye kuzinzile, ulwazi oluphicothiweyo nolwazi lubonakala luqokelela. Ngoko ke, kulungile kubazali ukuba bancede umntwana akhule kwaye aphucule izakhono zobomi. Ngenxa yoko, ndincoma oku kulandelayo "uphando" lwenyanga yesithandathu yobomi bentsana:
- Cetyisa ukuba inyana ikwazi ukuxazulula iingxaki zokuqala zokwenza izigqibo: zifakela itekisi yokuqala kwi-handle eyodwa, ibe enye. Qaphela ukuziphatha komntwana. Kamva umntwana uza kufunda indlela yokutshintsha amathoyizi ukusuka kwesinye isandla ukuya kwesinye.
- Yizisa umntwana kwisibuko uze ubonise apho ukhona nalapho unina. Ndibonise apho umama enesifo, kwaye apho umntwana enempumlo, apho amehlo, ukhuphaza, umlomo.
- Thenga i doll yomntwana udonki uphinde ucebe ukuyidlala, bonisa ukuba uphonywa ngapha nangapha kwaye uvuka.
- Thetha nomntwana, biza izingxenye zomzimba, uzichukumise. Qaphela ukuphendula komntwana.
- Bathe umntwana, faka kwiibheyi ezihambayo kunye ne-plastic book-pishchalku eneemifanekiso. Oku kuya kunika umntwana inqabileyo, uya kuthatha amathoyizi amanzi kwaye azame ngazo zonke iindlela zokuzigcina. Oku kunceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zezithuthi kunye nokufumana amava amnandi.
- Phakamisa ngexesha lokutya ukusela isana kwi-spoon, uze ufake isipuni kwindawo yokuphatha umntwana.
- Xa ubamba umntwana ezandleni zakho, zama ukutywina into ekhoyo endlebeni yakho. Mxelele, ngoko, kwindlela entsha yokuthetha.
- Tshela umntwana wakho rhoqo malunga nokutshintsha imeko: malunga nokuhamba okuzayo, ukuhlamba, njl. Umntwana uya kufunda ukuhamba ngendlela ethile.
- Ukunikezela ngemidlalo yebhokhwe kunye namathoyizi athatha inxaxheba ekuphuhliseni inzala yakhe engqondweni. Umzekelo, umntwana uya kuba nolwazi olunomdla kakhulu ngezinto zekhaya.
- Phakamisa umntwana ukuba abeke ipeni emlonyeni wakho: inkunzi iya kuziva ukutshatyalaliswa kwezwi lakho kunye nokuthuthumela komlomo wakho.