Ubunokwenzeka ukuba inkwenkwana okanye intombazana iya kuzaliswa ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga isayensi iyafana. Kodwa kukho "imigaqo", elandelayo emva kokuba unokuzala umntwana wesini ofunayo, ezi ziindlela ezisebenzayo ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.Ukugqiba ukuba isondo somntwana kukho neendlela emva kokukhulelwa. Ezinye zezi ndlela azikho isiseko sesayensi, abanye ngokubanzi imbono yabantu kunye nokuxoxwa kwenhlanhla. Into ephambili akuyikuvumela ukuzalwa komntwana othile wesini ibe yinto enqabileyo kuwe, kuba into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba uzalwe enempilo.
Okokuqala, cinga ngeendlela ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Indlela yokuqala yokufumanisa ngesondo somntwana idibaniswa ne-ovulation. I-y-i-chromosomes ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngexesha lokugquma lifikelele kwi-oocyte. Emva koko ukuzalwa kwenkwenkwe kwanda. Ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kweemeko, izimo ezingekho phantsi kwazo zenziwe kwi-Y chromosomes, kwaye ziyafa. I-X-i-chromosomes ifikelela kwi-ovum kwaye mhlawumbi ukuzalwa kwentombazana. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngomhla wama-14-15 wokuhamba kwimihla, edla ngokuhlala iintsuku ezingama-28. Le ndlela yabonakala iyona yithembekileyo ekusebenzeni.
Indlela yesibini ihambelana nokutya okuthile, okanye ukutya. Ukukhulelwa kwinkwenkwe, umntu kufuneka adle ukutya okunamafutha, kodwa kunye nomxholo omncinci we-carbohydrate, oku kuquka nemveliso enomxholo ophezulu we potassium kunye ne-sodium, kunye nomxholo ophantsi we-calcium kunye ne-magnesium (inyama epotyiweyo, inyama ye-peach, ii-litate, i-legumes). Kwintombazana, idinga i-potassium encinane kunye ne-sodium, kunye ne-calcium eninzi kunye ne-magnesium (imifino, iimveliso zobisi). Kodwa ngeli xesha eli lizwe laqhutyelwa kuphela kwiigundane kwaye liphumelele kwiimeko ezimbini zintathu.
Ukwabelana ngesondo lomntwana, mhlawumbi, kuxhomekeke kwixesha lezesondo. Ukuba eso sibini asisuki komnye nomnye, mhlawumbi kuya kuba khona inkwenkwe. Ukuba kukho ukuhlukana okwaneleyo kwisini okanye ubudlelwane bungenako ngokwaneleyo, ngoko kuya kwenzeka ukuba kukho intombazana.
Enye indlela yokujonga ngesondo kuxhomekeke kwigazi labazali. Ukuhlaziywa kwegazi kwenzeka kumadoda yonke iminyaka emithathu, kunye nakwabasetyhini - kanye emva kweminyaka emine. Igazi lalo elitsha, ukuba isondo siya kuba ngumntwana. Kubalulekile ukubala ukusuka ngomhla wokuzalwa kwabazali bexesha elizayo. Kodwa apha kufuneka uqwalasele lonke ukulahleka kwegazi, kuquka ukulahleka kwegazi ngexesha lokuya esikhathini kunye nokuhlinzwa. Nangona le ndlela inokwethenjelwa, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukwenza iphutha.
Kananjalo isondo somntwana sinokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka kamama. Oomama abaselula baninzi bazalwa ngamakhwenkwe (malunga nama-55%). Umfazi emva kweminyaka engama-30 kunokwenzeka ukuba abelethe intombazana (53%). Amantombazana ahlala enyamezela kwaye umzimba onobuthathaka obuninzi bomama uthumela ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Ubungakanani obukhulu bokuzalwa kwenkwenkwe ngexesha lokuzalwa kokuqala. Ngokulandelelana ngalokhu kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ngo-1%. Ukuba uyise undala kunomama, ngoko ke ukuzalwa kwenkwenkwana, kwaye, ngokuchasene, ootata abancinci banamantombazana.
Ngoku khawucinge ngeendlela zokujonga ngesondo lomntwana emva kokukhulelwe. Okokuqala, uphando lwezokwelapha. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, nawuphi na umfazi une-ultrasound (ultrasound). Inqubo yonke ithatha imizuzu emi-5-10, ugqirha ugqiba ixesha, isikhundla se-fetus kunye ne-placenta, indlela umntwana aqhuba ngayo ngokuqhelekileyo. Unqume ukuba isondo sinokuqala kwiiveki ezi-14 ukuya kwe-16, ngaphandle kokuba umntwana efihlile.
Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kunokubonelela ngolwazi oluchanekileyo ngentsimi yomntwana. Le ndlela iqulethwe ukungena kwisigxina se-uterine, uphando lwe-amniotic fluid, ukufundwa kwekhriyri kunye nokuqokelela kwegazi lomtya we-umbilical. Into yophando yiseti ye-chromosome yomntwana. Le yinkqubo ebalulekileyo, ibeka umngcipheko othile kumntwana, ngoko yenziwa kuphela ngohlobo lonyango logqirha.
Kukho iindlela ezingekho zezokwelapha ukuchonga ngesondo somntwana. Umzekelo, ukuba unina unesiphapho esinamandla kwindawo yomnwe esandleni sakhe sokunene, iza kuzalwa umntwana xa intombazana ingakwesokhohlo.
Unako ukugcina nokuziphatha komfazi okhulelweyo. Ukuba iinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zadlula ngaphandle kwengxaki, kwakungekho nkathazo ngesondlo, kwaye yonke indlela yayibonisa isisu sayo, esiziqhenyayo kukuba wayeza kuba ngumama, wathi kwakuya kuba yinkwenkwe. Ukuba ukukhulelwa kuqala kakubi, umama akayidli kakuhle, kwaye unamahloni ngesisu sakhe, ukhathazekile ngenxa yokulahleka kobuhle, ngoko kuya kuba nentombazana.
Kwakhona bathi intombazana isusa ubuncwane benina, kwaye kunye nabafana, ngokuchasene noko, abafazi bahlala behle kakhulu imihla ngemihla. Obawo bathi amadoda enqabileyo ayenakho ukuba namakhwenkwe.
Ngaphambili, isondo somntwana sasizimisele ngokuma kwesisu. Ukuba isisu sikhulu kwaye sibukhali, kuthetha ukuba babelindele le nkwenkwana, kwaye ukuba ithe yalala, ke intombazana. Nangona le ndlela ayiqinisekisiwe oogqirha banamhlanje. Bathi ukuma kwesisu akuxhomekeke kwisini somntwana, kodwa kwisakhiwo sekhanda lomama. Ukuba amathambo e-pelvic alula, ngoko isisu siya kuba sikhulu kwaye sibukhali.