Umhlobo osisigxina kunye ongenakulinganiswa nanoma yiyiphi i-anesthesia yintsebenzo. Isigulana esithinteleyo asiyi kuphinda senziwe i-anesthetized ngaphandle kokuba siboniswe uhlobo oluthile lokungenelela. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba uthetha kakubi kangakanani i-anesthhesia jikelele xa ikhulelwe, kuthetha ukuhlanganiswa kweziphumo ezibi - zombini i-aneshesia kunye nokusebenza kwayo.
Ngokwezibalo, malunga ne-3% yabasetyhini ngexesha lokukhulelwa kufuneka bafumane ukuhlinzwa kwe-anesthesia. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imisebenzi iqhutyelwa kwintsimi yonyango, i-traumatology kunye nokuhlinzwa (i-cholecystectomy, appendectomy). I-Anesthesia ngexesha lokukhulelwa lenziwa kuphela xa kukho izibonakaliso eziphuthumayo kwaye zikhawulezileyo, phantsi kweemeko ezibonisa ukuba usongela ubomi bomama. Ukuba imeko ivumela, ukuba umsebenzi ngokwawo kunye ne-anesthesia ayifuni ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kwaye inokwenziwa ngendlela ehleliweyo, ngoko kukulungele ukulinda ukuzalwa komntwana. Emva koko, ngaphandle kwemingcipheko eyongezelelekileyo, ibhinqa lingasibhedlele ukuze lenze unyango oluchongiweyo lwesifo.
Ziziphi iingozi ze-anesthesia jikelele kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo?
Ngexesha lokuhlaziywa kweeninzi zezifundo, iingcali zenze izigqibo ezilandelayo:
- I-anesthesia jikelele ngexesha le-aneshesia ngexesha lokukhulelwa linika ipesenti ephantsi kakhulu yokufa kwabantwana. Enyanisweni, lilingana nexabiso lentengo ye-anesthesia eyenziwa ngexesha lotyando lwabasetyhini abangakhulelweyo.
- Umngcipheko wokuphulukana nokukhubazeka kwama-congenital in the newborns phantsi kweemeko apho ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umfazi othile wayenomsebenzi ongenakulinganiswa kwaye usebenza kakhulu. Kunokuthelekiswa nexesha lokuphuhliswa kwamathambo afanayo kumabhinqa abakhulelweyo abangazange bafumane i-anesthesia kunye nokuhlinzwa.
- Ubungakanani bokuphuphuma kwesisu, ubuninzi ngaphezu kweentathu zintathu zokukhulelwa, kwakunye nokufa kokufa komntwana kubangama-6 ekhulwini. Eli phesenti liphezulu kakhulu (11%), ukuba i-anesthesia yenziwa ngekota yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Ixesha eliyingozi kunaloo ndlela - iiveki zokuqala eziyi-8, xa umntwana esele ebekwe kwaye akhiwe izitho ezisisiseko kunye neenkqubo.
- Ubunzima bokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa, xa i-anesthesia jikelele isetyenziselwa ukukhulelwa, iphinda ibe malunga ne-8%.
Ukulungiselela i-anesthesia jikelele
Ngokwezifundo zeminyaka yakutshanje, ukhuseleko lweziyobisi libonakalisiwe ukuba lwanele i-anesthesia jikelele ekukhulelweni. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, iimiphumo ezimbi kwi-fetus yezocwangciso ezinobungozi njenge diazepam kunye ne-nitrous oxide zaziqwalaselwa ngamaxesha onke. Iingcali ziye zabonisa ukuba ngexesha le-anesthesia ngexesha lokukhulelwa, okubaluleke ngakumbi akukona ngqo iziyobisi (i-anesthetic), kodwa ubuchule be-anesthesia. Indima ebalulekileyo kakhulu ayidlali ngokungeniswa kwehla ecolileyo kwixinzelelo legazi kunye neqondo lokuzaliswa kwe-oksijeni yegazi lomfazi okhulelweyo ngexesha le-anesthesia jikelele. Kukho nembono yokuba ngexesha lokukhulelwa kungcono ukuphepha ukusebenzisa i-anesthetic yendawo ene-adrenaline. Nangona ukwethulwa ngengozi kwee-anesthetics ezinjalo kwisikhumba segazi lomama kungabangela ukuphulwa okubukhali nokuqhubekayo kokuphuma kwegazi ukuya kumntwana. Iingcali zithobela ingqalelo into yokuba i-anesthetic yendawo (eyaziwayo kwiamazinyo), njenge-ultracaine okanye i-articaine iqukethe i-adrenaline.
Ngaloo ndlela, sinokuthi ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba i-anesthesia jikelele kunye nokuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa likhuselekile ngokwaneleyo kwimpilo kamama, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inokulimaza umntwana ozayo. Isoloko iyingozi kakhulu yintathu yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Isigqibo sokugqibela ngesidingo sokuhlinzwa kunye ne-anesthesia jikelele ngexesha lokukhulelwa kufuneka kuthathwe ngokucophelela. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela yonke ingozi yempembelelo engalunganga ye-anesthesia kunye nokusebenza ngokwayo ekuphuhlisweni komntwana ongakazalwa. Ukuba umsebenzi awuyimfuneko kwaye kunethuba lokulibuyisela ixesha elithile, ngoko kukulungele ukuyenza ngexesha lesithathu lokukhulelwa.