Imbali yembonakalo yepasta ilahlekile kwiinkulungwane ezilikhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuba sele sele i-Greece yaseMandulo yokuvelisa i-noodle esetyenzisiweyo esetyenzisiweyo kunye neengqayi ezikhethekileyo. I-pasta eyomileyo yenziwa kuqala kwiSicily ephakathi. Zomiswe elangeni, zichithwe ngeoli yeoli, ishizi, imifuno, idle. Okokuqala, amaTaliyane afike kunye nomshishini okhethekileyo wokusika intlama, kwaye ixinezele ukuveliswa kweefom ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kungekhona into ababebizwa ngokuba yi "pasta".
UMCULO WENKQUBO
UMeloman uqonde ngokucacileyo oko kuthetha ukuthintana okanye i-crescendo, kunye ne-gourmet - yintoni i-pasta fresca okanye i-lasagna. AmaTaliyane abathandi bomculo abadumile kunye neengqungquthela. Baye baphumelela kakhulu ngokuphathelele i-pasta, njengoko babedla ukubiza ii-macaroni. Kunzima ukubala ukuba zininzi iintlobo zeepasta ongazithenga namhlanje, kwaye akusoloko kucacisa ukuba benzani nabo. Ukukhetha unobumba kwisitoreji, unokwazi ukufunda igama layo lesiRashiya kwileta-counter, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kungenakho okanye ukuguqulelwa kuya kuba mfutshane. Ngoko ke, into encinci yaseNtaliyane ayibuhlungu. Leli gama le-pasta lihle kakhulu i-polysemantic. Le yintlama, kwaye ine-pasty state, kwaye ipasta ngokwayo. Ukuququzelela ukuqhelana nabo, kunokwenzeka ukuchonga amaqela amaninzi apho iintlobo ezifanayo zihlangene.
I-pasta ende eqondekileyo - okufana ne-spaghetti okanye i-capellini. Kukulungele ukuba ugqoke ngeemasi. Zingakuqokelela "kwizilwanyana". Umzekelo we-meanders "u-spiral". Nento esiyisebenzisela ukuyibiza ngokuthi i-macaroni, oko kukuthi, iibhubhu ezingenangqiqo zobude obuhlukeneyo, ingaba ngqo "njengeentsiba" kwaye zijika njenge "impondo." Izibonda ezininzi zeendlela ezahlukeneyo I-meat cakes ingatyiwa inyama okanye imifuno ekhethiweyo. "Iibhokhwe" ezahlukahlukeneyo, "iibhokhwe" ziyingqayizivele kangangokuba ziyahlukana kwiqela elithile, kodwa akuzona zonke izinto. : sele esithandile i-ravioli okanye efana ne-pel'me yethu okanye i-tortellini.Flat noodle kakhulu, lasagna (lasagna) - isiseko sesidlo esingaziwa.
Uninzi lwepasta lithengiswa kwifom eyomileyo. Zingagcinwa ixesha elide kakhulu. Akusiyo into yokuba ngamaxesha anzima i-pasta igcinwe ukusetyenziswa kwangomso kwaye ibonwa njengemveliso ebaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa zonke iifresco zePasta, okanye i-pasta entsha, ikhetheke kakhulu. Namhlanje, i-pasta entsha, kunye nabavelisi abahlukeneyo (e-Italy, eFransi, eDenmark) kwifom epholileyo okanye efriziwe nayo ingathengwa kuthi. Ingaba kunye nokuzaliswa (lasagna kunye nesipinashi okanye i-ham, i-tortellini, i-capelletti kunye noshizi, amakhowa) okanye ngaphandle (i-fetuccine-noodles) kwaye ixhaswe ngeesucu ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, utamatisi okanye ukhilimu).
XHUMA E TARELKE
Ngamanye amaxesha unokudibana neentlobo ezikhethekileyo zepasta, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-paste kunzima. Baya kuthi bevela emazweni aseAsia, apho bengenakwenziwa ngomgubo wengqolowa, kodwa bevela kwilayisi okanye kwesoya. Pheka le "spaghetti" kufuneka ibe nemizuzu emi-1-2 kuphela. Abavelisi basekhaya basebenzisa iimveliso zangaphambili, umzekelo we-rye pasta okanye i-macaroni yokutya ukutya kunye ne-artichoke yaseYerusalem. Ngokuqhelekileyo, unamathele ngezongezo kufuneke kakhulu.
Iindidi ezivuyayo zembala kwiplani iya kuvela, ukuba uthenge unobumba obunamathele. Umbala obomvu obomvu uya kunika i-beet eqhelekileyo, i-tomato ebomvu okanye i-carrots, i-spinach eluhlaza okomhlaza okanye i-broccoli, kwaye umnyama omnyama kakhulu uya kuvela, ukuba i-encrypted cuttlefish yongezwa kuyo.
Ukuba uthanda "utyhafile", zama i-spaghetti ngesilili. Ngendlela, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba i-substance equlethwe kwi-pepper - capsaicin-inqanda ukuthunyelwa kweoli kwi-body. Mhlawumbi kutheni kulula ukuba abalandeli be-Indian and Thai cuisine bahlale bevumelana? Ngokumalunga nala ma pasta awusoze uthi "baya kundichitha."
Utshintsho olutsha luhlobo lwe-macaroni. Bona, njengeminye imveliso "ye-organic", ithengiswa kwiivenkile ezibizayo kwaye zibiza kakhulu. Le ndlela yindlela ehamba ngayo kwi-dietetics, ethanda abo bafuna ukuphilisa kwaye banako ukuyifumana. I-pasta enjalo ayinanto into engabonakaliyo. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, zenziwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu likolweni, elikhulile ngaphandle kwezichumisi kunye neekhemikhali.
UKUHLAZIWA KWEMPILO
I-recipe ye-pasta yakudala ilula kakhulu: umgubo kunye namanzi. Enyanisweni, umgubo okhethekileyo, i-macaroni, kunye nekhwalithi ephezulu, kwaye amanzi alula, kodwa ukucoca okhethekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha bongeza amaqanda. Kukholelwa ukuba i-pasta yangempela iveliswa kuphela ngomgubo wengqolowa yeentlobo eziqinileyo (iTriticum durum). Xa bepheka, bahlala beqinile baze bangahlangani kunye.
Nangona maxesha kaPetros I waseNtaliyane uFernando wachazela umrhwebi waseRussia imfihlelo yokwenza i-pasta. Ebudeni bekhulu lama-19 neye-20, iRashiya yanikela i-ngqolowa enzima e-Italy. Iindidi ezibizwa ngokuthi "iTaganrog" zaziwa kwihlabathi lonke, kodwa, ngelishwa, kamva lalahleka. Namhlanje, kwihlabathi lonke, ingqolowa encinci ikhula. Isabelo seakhawunti eziqinileyo kuphela 5%. Ininzi yepasta eRashiya isaphuma kwimiqhathane eqhelekileyo yokupaka i-bakery okanye ipasta, kodwa ifunyenwe ngqolowa encinci. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba iteknoloji yanamhlanje ikuvumela ukuba unciphise ukungafani kwimimbo yabathengi eyenziwe ngqolowa encinci. Kodwa e-Italiya, eGrisi naseFransi, apho kuphela iintlobo ze-durum ezivunyelwe ngokomthetho ukuba zithathwe ngokwahlukileyo.
Ingqolowa enzima inempawu ezininzi eziqinisekisa ukuba impumelelo ye-paste. Xa ichitshiweyo, umgubo omkhulu uveliswa - iinkozo, ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza ibanga eliphezulu le-pasta, kunye ne-semicred - kwibanga lokuqala. I-Wheat durum iqukethe iingubo ze-carotenoid, ngenxa yokuba i-pasta ayifumaneki kuphela iipropati ezixhamlayo, kodwa iphinda ibe yinto ekhangelekayo ye-amber. Ngenxa yokuqukwa kweprotheni ephezulu kunye nepropati zayo, isakhiwo esikhethekileyo senziwa ngexesha lokupheka, apho i-starch granules ejikeleze i-lattice protein. Ngako oko, inani elincinci lokunyuka kwesitashi liya emanzini, kwaye unobumba lugcina ubungqina bawo.
Izondlo zithetha ukuba zisuka kwi-pasta yangempela eyenziwa ngqolowa yenkomo, awukwazi ukubuyela. Oku kukungaqondi kakuhle. Ngama-gram ayi-100 e-paste aqule i-fat e ncinane kakhulu, malunga ne-10% yamaprotheni kunye ne-carbohydrate eninzi - 70-75%. Uninzi lwee-carbohydrate lunokuba luncedo xa uhlala uphila. Ngokomzekelo, phambi kokhuphiswano, abadlali baququzelela amaqela epaghetti-iqela, ngokukodwa ukuvuselela ngamandla. Kodwa ukuba ukhetha ukuchitha ngokuhlwa ngokuthula, isabelo siya kufuneka silinganiselwe. Ewe, umzekelo kaSophia Loren, ovakalisa esidlangalaleni esithi: "Ndiyayithanda i-pasta" kwaye ndololoko ndigcina ubuhle kunye nomfanekiso, kuyamangalisa. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba i-pasta yincinci nje yokutya kwayo. AmaItali awakuthandanga nje i-pasta kuphela, kodwa kunye nemifuno, ushizi, intlanzi, ivenkile kunye newayini ebomvu-ngokubanzi, yonke into ebizwa ngokuba yi "Mediterranean diet". Ukukhonza i-spaghetti, umncedisi uya kuhlala etafileni utamatisi, ioli yeoli, anyanisi kunye negalikhi. Kwaye, ke, iisoso ezimbalwa.
PASTE NO PESTO
Ukukhetha oku okanye le sauce, kubalulekile ukukhumbula umgaqo obalulekileyo: i-pasta emfutshane neyinyani, inqabileyo isuphu kufanele ibe. Enye yeesasta zesintu zedasta yi pesto. Yilungiswa ngokufaka umdaka zonke izithako kuze kube yilapho i-pasty state. Yaye uya kuyidinga amaqabunga e-basil, ioli yeoli, i-garlic, i-parmesan ushizi, i-pine nut. Ngendlela, akunzima ukuqikelela ukuba igama lesiRashiya elithi "inkathazo" kunye negama lesiTaliyane le-sauce linemvelaphi efanayo. I-Pesto - ngokoqobo "Ndiyibhaqa."
Omnye umsila othandwa kakhulu ngumzimba. Yenziwa ngesiseko seenyama enciniweyo, ngokuqinisekileyo kunye neetatayi kunye newayini elibomvu. Ngethuba lokuqala loo mgcu walungiswa e-Bologna, yoko kutheni kuthiwa yi-Bolognese. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-tomato seasonings ingomnye wabathandwa kakhulu. Kwangexesha elide babebiza ngexabiso kwaye bengenakwenzeka. Eyathandwa kakhulu kunye ne-carbonara sauces (kunye ne ham), i-aioli (ngegalikhi), i-sauces kunye nevenkile zaselwandle.
UMSEBENZI OTHETHO
Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuthenga nokulungiselela i-pasta yangempela yase-Italy ekhaya, qaphela imigaqo embalwa.
- Fumana kwileyibhile yokubhalwa kweepasta: ukusuka kwingqolowa yeentlobo eziqinileyo. Kwiiphakheji zasekhaya zithunyelwa kwiqela elithi "A", kwaye ukusuka kwizinto ezilula ukuya kumaqela "B" okanye "B". I-Macaroni ukusuka kumabakala aqinileyo unokunyulwa ngamagama durum, semolina di grando duro, ngokungezelela ukucacisa kunye namabakala.
- Cinga okubhalwe kwiphakheji (njengomgaqo, ivumela oko). Kungokwemvelo ukuba i-macaroni ibe namandla (akufuneki kubekho imvuthu), ukuba ibe ne-monophonic, i-yellow-shabby-yellow, kunye nombala ogqithiseleyo.
- Qinisekisa ukuba ukhetho olufanelekileyo luya kuba sekhaya. I-pasta eyomileyo evela kwiintlobo zeengqolowa ezinzima kwi-fracture kufuneka ibe ne-glassy surface, kunye ne-soft-rough. Kwinkqubo yokupheka, owokuqala musa ukubilisa, abayikuhlamba emanzini abandayo. "Unreal" enye ipasta ingaba ibhola, kunye namanzi apho befakwe khona, kuya kuba yinto enqabileyo.
- Kulula ukulungiselela ipasta. Ubilise i-pasta kumthamo omkhulu wamanzi abilisiwe ngamanzi anosawoti (umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo we-1:10), ngelixa bona ngokwabo ngokwandisa umthamo ngesigamu. Ixesha lokupheka liboniswa kwiipakethe kwaye ziyahlukahluka kwiimveliso zemilo eyahlukeneyo. AmaTaliyane akholelwa ukuba kufuneka ahlonishwe ngokuchanekileyo, ngaphandle kokuba ulungiselela i-paste al dente. I-Spaghetti kunye nezinye iifom ezinde zixiliswa emanzini ngokuthe ngqo, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngaphandle kokuwaphula.
- Gcina i-pasta kwiphakheji yayo yasekuqaleni endaweni eyomileyo, kude nemveliso enephunga elimnandi. Eyona nto ingcono ukuyibeka ebhokisini lenkuni (okanye ibhokisi lezonka ezinkulu). Iqondo lokushisa akufanele libe ngaphezu kwe-30 ° C. Emva koko unako ukugcina i-pasta (ngokupakishwa ngokuchanekileyo) kwithuba leminyaka emininzi. Ngoko ngokuziqhenya bathethe abavelisi, nangona kunjalo, ngeliphi, ngenhlanhla, kwivenkile enjalo ehlukahlukeneyo!
Macaroni uyathandwa lilungelo lethu. Kwaye, sinokuphikisa ngokucacileyo ngamazwi avela kwingoma ephathelele uthando lwe-pasta-maye athi baya kundichitha. Musa ukutshabalalisa, kodwa unceda ukugcina umfanekiso, impilo kunye novuyo lobomi.