Inkcazo yefriji.
Igama lesizwe livela "nephros" (isiGrike) - iinjongo kunye ne "lepis" (isiGrike) - izikali. Yaye ichaza kwifomu efana nefilimu ye-coverlet, iindawo ezifihla ama-spores.
Amaqabunga amancinci, akhule ubude obude kwi-3 mitha, agcine ukukhula kwe-apical iminyaka emininzi. Iimpawu zesityalo zifutshane kwaye zinike izihlumela ezincinci. Amahlumela amancinane amaqabunga afana nala mahlumela. Ekupheleni kweemvini zikhona i-srusy. Zijikelezile, ngezinye izihlandlo zifunyanwe zolulelwe ngaphaya komda. I-oblongata ibhokhwe okanye ijikeleze, iqhotyoshelwe kwisiseko okanye icwangciswe kwindawo enye. I-Sporangia e-nephrolepis kwimilenze, ngaphakathi kwe-sorus ye-1 yimihla eyahlukeneyo. Iimfumba zincinci, kunye nebhedi encinci okanye ngaphezulu.
I-Nephrolepis iyakwazi ukuthatha kunye nokunciphisa izinto ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-toluene, i-xylene, i-formaldehyde. Ngaloo ndlela, esi sityalo singabizwa ngokuthi "ifayile yomoya". Olu hlobo lwesityalo lunokunciphisa izinto ezingena kwigumbi nabantu abaphefumulayo.
Kukholelwa ukuba izityalo zangaphandle ze-nephrolepis ziyakwazi emoyeni ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-microbes, ezithathwa ngamaconsi. Ungatsho ukuba ukuba igumbi likhula nephrolepis, uze uphefumule lula.
Amaqabunga aphindwe kabini nephrolepis asetyenziswa ngabahlali baseGuyana ukuze baphathe amanxeba kunye namanxeba.
I-Nephrolepis yindoda enhle, ngoko unokuyibeka yedwa kwigumbi. Amaqabunga ale fern aphelile, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungafaki nantoni na kufuphi nayo, ukuze ungalimazi amagqabi.
Olu hlobo lwe-fern luya kubonakala luhle ngendlela yesitshixo se-ampelian, zombini kwibhaksi edibeneyo kunye nebhodi eliqhelekileyo. UFern angakhula kwii-stairwells, kwiiholo, kwindawo yokuhlambela kufuphi nefestile. Isityalo sikwazi ukukhula phantsi kokukhanya okubonakalayo, ngoko kudla ngokukhula kwindawo eofisi. Ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo kungenziwa kunye nezibane zetsholongwane, eziza kutshisa iiyure ezili-16 ngosuku.
Ukunyamekelwa kwesityalo.
I-Nephrolepis zizityalo ezithandayo ukukhanya okusabalalisiweyo, kodwa azivumelani nokukhanya kwelanga. Akukho kakubi kukhula kwiifestile ezisempuma okanye entshonalanga. Phantse iwindow eseningizimu, kwakhona, khula, kodwa kulo mzekelo, kufuneka udale nge-gauze, i-tulles ukukhanya okusabalalisiweyo okanye uhambe kude kwifestile.
Ehlobo, isityalo sinokuthunyelwa kwisitrato kwintsimi okanye kwibhantshi, kodwa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuze ugweme ukutshisa imisebe yelanga kwisityalo, ukukhusela kwimida kunye nesikhala. Ukuba isityalo sikhula ehlotyeni, kufuneka kube njalo umoya.
Ngobusika, isityalo sidinga ukukhanya okulungileyo, oku no kwenziwa ngezibane ezikhanyayo. Iitampu zifakwe kumgama wama-50-60 cm, kwaye zitshisa ubuncinane iiyure ezili-8 ngosuku. Ventilate igumbi kwaye kufuneka ukuwa kunye nobusika, kodwa kufuneka uqaphele ukukhusela iiprojekti.
Ngentwasahlobo nasehlobo, iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu li-20 о С, ukuba ukushisa komoya kuphelile kuma-24, ngoko kufuneka ukwandise umswakama womoya, kuba i-nephrolepis ibekezelela ukushisa. Ekwindla nasebusika, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu li-15 °, ukuba iqondo lokushisa liwa ngama-3 degrees, ngoko ukuthambisa kuncitshiswa kwaye ukutyhala isityalo kufuneka kube kwiindawo ezincinci zamanzi. Ungayifaki isityalo esingaphandle kwee-radiators, kuba umoya ofudumele kakhulu ungonakalisa isityalo.
Ngentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, ukutyilisa kufuneka kube luninzi, njengoko uhla oluphezulu lwe-coma yomhlaba luya kumile. Ebusika, ukuthambisa okulinganayo, emva komhla woku-1 (ubuncinci), emva kokumisa uluhlu oluphezulu. Umhlaba kufuneka uhlale unomswakama, kodwa ungabi nomswakama. Ungavumeli ukuba umgca we-substrate ungomileyo, nangona lolu hlobo lwe-fern lunokubandezeleka ngokukhawulezileyo, kodwa oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni intsha iqala ukuma.
Izilwanyana ze-nephrolepis, njengezinye iifern ezifana nomswakama ophezulu, ngoko ke, kunceda ukuyihlanza unyaka wonke. Ukutshiza kuqhutyelwa ngamanzi atyunjiweyo okanye amile.
Ukuba isityalo sakhula kwigumbi elinomileyo owomileyo, emva koko utyunyiweyo ucetyiswa kabini ngosuku. Kananjalo ukwandisa umquba we-nephrolepis onokunyusa umgangatho onokuthi ubekwe kwi-pallet apho ityeba elimanzi, udongwe olwandisiweyo okanye i-moss. Umzantsi webumbi akufanele ufikelele kumanzi. Ukususela ngamaxesha, i-fern ingafakwa phantsi kwerhasi kwaye ihlambe, ngelixa ufanele uqinisekise ukuba amanzi awangena kwi-substrate (ibhokhwe ingafunyanwa nge-polyethylene). Oku akuyikususa kuphela uthuli kwisityalo, kodwa ngokungezelelwe ukuxhoma kunye ne-vai.
Ukutya ngexesha lokukhula lwenziwa njalo ngeveki. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa isichumisi esiluhlanjululwayo kwizityalo zomhlobiso (1/4 yesiqhelo).
Kwixesha lekwindla-ebusika, akukho mfuyo eyongezelelweyo efunekayo, kuba oku kungabangela isifo esibi kakhulu.
Umfana omncinci ubeka endaweni yonyaka 1 kwintwasahlobo. Izixhobo zokuhlala ezikhulayo zifakelwa entwasahlobo emva kweminyaka engama-2. Dive isityalo kangcono epopi yeplastiki, njengoko, ngokungafani nezimbiza zobumba, kugcina umswakama ube ngcono. Iipattle zikulungele ukhetho oluphantsi kunye olubanzi, kuba inkqubo yeengcambu ze-fern ikhula ngobubanzi. Ukuba ibhokhwe iya kuba yincinci, ivele ibonakale kwisityalo: i-vayas iyomile, amaqabunga amancinci akhula kakuhle, umbala uphenduka. Ukuba i-nephrolepis ikhula embizeni ebanzi (ishumi elinambini cm ububanzi), amaqabunga angakhula afike ubude be-45-50 cm, kwaye kwezinye iifomthi amaqabunga aya kufikelela kuma-75 cm.
Umhlaba kufuneka ube nokukhanya (pH ukuya ku-6.5) kwaye uquke i-peat ephezulu, umhlaba we-coniferous kunye ne-hothouse (zonke ezithathwe kwiindawo ezilinganayo). I-kg ye-1 yokwakheka, i-5 grams yesidlo sesonka iyongezwa.
Kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise i-peat yokwenza i-ferns ekhulayo, ubunzima obufanele ukuba bube ngu-20 cm. Unokukhula kwindawo enjengobumba: umhlaba oqhekezayo (izingxenye ezine), 1 inxalenye yesihlabathi kunye ne-1 ye-peat. Yongeza amalahle emhlabathini.
Umlambo olungileyo unyanzelekile, kwaye nangona lolu hlobo lwe-fern lukhetha umhlaba omanzi, ke, umhlabathi womhlaba kunye namanzi ahleliyo akhathazela kakhulu.
Iipropati ngee-spores (ngamanye amaxesha), ngokuhlula i-rhizome (isiqithi), ngokuqhawula amahlumela e-pubescent ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, ezinye iintlobo ngezilwanyana.
Ichaphazela: i-whitefly, isicabucu, isicutellum, i-mealybug.