Inxalenye ethile yembali
Okuthakazelisayo, umdlalo wamandulo kunye nebhola yayingeyona nje imidlalo. Badibanisa nemilingo. Ngoko, kwibhola laseYiputa, ngalinye iqela labizelwa ukuba lidlale ngecala loothixo wabo, kwaye ukunqoba kwaphinde kwaphumelela egameni loothixo. Izinto zokwenza ibhola ezisetyenzisiweyo. Wayekwazi ukurhweba kwiingcongolo, anqunywe ngamaplanga, i-bark, ephoswe kwiintonga, ehlanjwe kwiikhumba zezilwanyana. Kule meko, amaGrike anxibe iibhola zeekhumba kunye neentsiba zeentaka, amaRoma - imbewu yezithelo zomkhiwane.
AmaRoma ayenaye wokuqala owasungula ibhola ngomoya. Iibhola ezifanayo ziye zenziwa kwi-bladder yezilwanyana, eziye zagqitywa phezulu kunye nesikhumba. Ibhola yeerubha "i-galloped" eYurophu esuka eMntla Merika. Abantu baseMthonyama (amaNdiya) benza okokuphuma kwi-resin, eyakhishwa kwiindawo zokungcawa kweengqimba zeerubha kwaye zibizwa ngokuthi "i-rubber" (ukusuka kumagama athi "kaa" - umthi kunye ne "o-chu" - ukukhala). Umdlalo wamaNdiya aseMelika enebhola yerabha yayisenzo sithethe, kwaye, ngokwembono yabantu banamhlanje, inkohlakalo. Kwaphela ngomnikelo, kwaye ixhoba laziswa kumphathi weqela elilahlekileyo. Ibhola yerabha ibambe iliso lomqhubi uChristopher Columbus. Wamangaliswa kukuba ibhola elikhulu nelikhulu lanyuka phezulu xa lihlaba umhlaba. Umhambi owaziwayo wazisa ibhola ye-rubber eSpain. Kwaye ibhola ye-elastic yakunqoba umhlaba wonke ophucukileyo.
Imidlalo yeBhola kubantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye
Ngaphantsi kangangoko sibona ibhola ezandleni zabantwana, kodwa uxolele. Emva koko, le yinto yokudlala eyinokuba yuncedo kwaye inomdla kuwo wonke umntwana. Kuyamangalisa ukuba uluhlu lweentlobo kunye nezenzo zebhokhwe zinokunika ibhola eqhelekileyo! Mhlawumbi, kule bhola akukho zitshixo ezilinganayo, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba. Inyama, i-crumb, ibhola ... - into epholileyo, eyonwabileyo kumgca. Beka ibhola ebhokisini elincinci lomntwana, ukuze lifakwe ngeenxa zonke, liwubambe ngeminwe yakho, live luhlobo lwayo olujikelezayo kwaye lufunde ukulubeka esandleni sakho. Lo msebenzi uya kuqinisa iminwe yomntwana kunye nesandla esipheleleyo. Kule njongo, i-patchwork ene "ingxolo" ngaphakathi okanye ibhola eboyiweyo enobubanzi obuyi-5-6 cm ifanelekile. Ngale ndlela siza kuzisa umdlalo womntwana ebomini, oya kuba ngumhlobo wakhe, onokukwazi ukuzisa uvuyo novuyo. Ngesinye isikhathi esesandleni somntwana, ibhola ayiyi kuphinda ilahleke kwindawo yakhe yombono.
Kwiinyanga ezi-5-6, jolisa ibhola yerabha ekhanyayo kunye nomzekelo oqaqambileyo kwisibhedlele kwiinyawo zentsana. Umncinane wakho uya kuvuya ukubetha imilenze nayo. Ukunyakaza okungabonakaliyo kwebhola kuya kubangela ukuba umntwana akonwabe, umnqweno wokukhaba ibhola kwakhona kwakhona. Lo ngumsebenzi othakazelisayo-umsebenzi omzimba olula, ukuhlakulela imisipha yemilenze, ukuphucula ukulungelelaniswa kweentshukumo. Ngeli xesha umntwana akanako ukuhamba naye. Ukumnqula kwintlangano iya kuba ibhola enkulu yombala oqaqambileyo kunye nesixhobo somculo esakhiweyo esenza izandi zomculo. Ingane iya kufumana ibhola leyo kwaye izame ukukhahlela kuye, ukuba ithe ikude.
Ingane ithanda ukuphonsa izinto ezahlukeneyo kwiinyanga ezili-8-10. Kulo xesha ukuqala ukumfundisa ukuba adlale imidlalo ehlukahlukeneyo nebhola. Ngovuyo olukhulu uya kwenza ezi zenzo. Kule meko, umntwana ulahla itekisi enye okanye enye, okanye nokuba ezimbini, ukuba ibhola ikhulu. Emva kokukhulula ibhola ezandleni, inkunzi yebhokhwe ibukela njengoko iqhubela phantsi, ihamba phezu kwayo, ikhangele indawo yokuwa, iimfuno zokunika ibhola ukuba iphose ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Yaye uyathanda ukuphosa nokugaya, uzalise ibhasikidi ibhola okanye ibhokisi. Nika umntwana kunye nalo thuba, umnike ukuba athathe iibhola ezincinane ezimbalwa.
Intombazana yakho malunga nonyaka? Mbonise indlela yokuphosa ibhola encinci kwisitya okanye ibhokisi, ukuyiphonsa phambili, ukubamba ngezandla zombini. Ekuqaleni, vumela umntwana enze ezi ntshukumo ngelixa ehleli, njengokuba esenokuzithemba ngokubambelela kwindawo emele, kwaye, xa esenza ukunyakaza okukhulu, inkunzi inokulahlekelwa ngumlinganiselo wayo. Xa eziva ekhululekile kwiinyawo zakhe, kuba lula ukuphosa ekumeni. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo umntwana uphosa ibhola, uya kukwenza ngobuchule, kwaye ibhola liya kuqhubela phambili. Ewe, kwaye udlale ibhola inkunzi yenkomo ayikwazi nje kuphela kwindlu, kodwa sele isesitratweni. Buza ukuba ubhentshele ibhola emthini, kwisiqithi, kwibhokisi yebhokisi, uphonsa umshini wokubhala, uhlahlo oluphantsi, uphonsa kuwe. Ukuzonwabisa kunye nenjabulo umntwana aya kufumana kwiimidlalo ezinjalo!
Imidlalo yeBhola yabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala
Kwiminyaka engama-2-3, cela umntwana ukuba agqonge ibhola entabeni okanye nayiphi na indawo. Abantwana bathanda kakhulu imidlalo enjalo. Kule ntshukumo, akufuneki ukuba uphonse ibhola, kwaye unako ukuyikhangela kuyo nayiphi na indlela. Emva koko bonisa indlela yokuqhubela ibhola ngasendleleni ethile: phakathi kwamathoyizi "inyoka", ecaleni kwindlela emncinci. Ukuze uphumelele ngokuphumelelayo, fundisa ukuqondisa ibhola phambili, uzama ukungazintloni, i-push isomeleze kwaye iqiniseke. Kwaye umntwana uyathanda ukuhamba kunye nawe ibhola komnye nomnye ehlezi phantsi, ugxobise emhadeni, uphonsa kwibhaksi.
Ukubamba ibhola kusekho nzima kumntwana. Kodwa ufanele uzame! Thatha ibhola ye-rubber okanye i-inflatable ibhola yobukhulu obuphakathi, uphonsa umntwana wakhe kumgama omncinci (50-70 cm) - yibambe! Ewe, akakwazi, kuba engazi indlela yokwenza. Kodwa, ukubona indlela oyenzayo ngayo, uya kufaka izandla zakho ngokubanzi. Ibhola, indiza phakathi kwabo okanye ibetha isandla sakho, iya kuwa. Kodwa usixhase umntwana ekusebenzeni kwakhe, ukuhleka, ukugculela ibhola elingenalutho lokungathobeli. Kwaye emva kwemizamo emininzi, nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kwincinane, inkunzi iya kubamba ibhola ngezandla zayo, icinezele kwisifuba sayo. Kwaye emva kwelungu lokuqala baya kuba baninzi.
Ungadlala nebhokhwe "kwibhola." Kwaye akunandaba ukuba, mhlawumbi, "umqeqeshi" wokuqala kwibhola lebhola liya kuba ngumama okanye ugogo (utata emsebenzini!). Into ephambili yenkomo ayiyinkqubo yomdlalo, kodwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentshukumo kunye neempembelelo zomzwelo. Mhlawumbi, ekuqaleni umntwana uya kuliphosa ibhola kaninzi, kodwa emva kwemizamo emininzi uya kukwazi ukuyixabisa kwaye "ukulinganisa" injongo. Yahlukanisa umntwana, ndumdumise, ungene kumfudumalo akho amehlo.
Kwaye kukhulu kangakanani ukuphosa ibhola eliqaqambileyo okanye ukuphosa nayiphi na indlela! Phakamisa umntwana ukuba alahle ibhola "efwini", athi "elangeni" ekuqaleni ngaphandle kokubamba. Ukuthatha ukuphosa, umntwana wakho uqondiswe ngokuthe ngqo, njengokungathi ufikelela ibhola. Kule meko, iimbumba zebhande lesigxina ziyaqiniswa, umlenze "ulula", ukulungiswa kwesithuba kuphucula.
Xa umntwana uneminyaka engama-4-6 ubudala
Ukuphosa nokubamba-ukuhamba okunzima okuninzi okufuna iso elihle. Ezi ntshukumo zinika umntwana malunga nemine emine. Ukucebisa ukuphosa ibhola engekho phezulu, ngqo phambi kwakho, ngoko kulula ukuyibamba.
Umntwana oneminyaka emihlanu unokubonisa indlela yokuphosa ibhola emhlabathini, udongeni, uzama ukubamba, ukulwa ngaphandle kokubamba. Impumelelo ekubetheni ibhola ixhomeke kakhulu kwimeko yomhlaba, ngoko yenze ngcono kwi-asphalt track, umgangatho wezandla. Umntwana unomdla wokujikeleza ibhola endaweni yayo kwi-axis. Ukwenza oku, ibhola elinomfanekiso ocacileyo, oqaqambileyo, ongcono weJometri ufanelekile.
Ngomnyaka wesithandathu umntwana unomdla kuzo zonke iimvavanyo kunye nebhola, ayenze ngaphambili nangenkcenkcesha ethile (gxuma ibhola phakathi kwezinto, ugijime kwaye ugijime emva kwayo, uphonsa uphinde ubambe amaxesha amaninzi ngokulandelelana, ubethe kwi-asphalt uze uyibambe, uyilahle ngezindlela ezahlukeneyo: ukusuka ngaphantsi, ukusuka emva kwehlombe, komnye nomnye-kwaye ubambe, uphonsa ibhola kwisigxina esicacileyo kunye nomgomo ongezantsi, uphonsa ibhola kude.). Qaphela ukuba umntwana wenza umzenzelo ngokuthe tye ngesandla sakhe sokunene nesobunxele. Oku kubaluleke kungekuphela kokuphuhliswa kwezandla, kodwa kunye nokuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwesithuba. Le midlalo ingenziwa ngohlobo lweemincintiswano zogcino-papa, unina nomntwana: ngubani oya kushiya ngaphezulu, ngubani ongena kwi "window", hoop, njalo njalo.
Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela nokugcina ibhalansi yabaphumeleleyo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwabathathi-nxaxheba. Ukunqoba rhoqo, njengamalahleko amaninzi, kuyingozi kumntwana. Ukungaphumeleli kuya kubangela isimo sengqondo esibi malunga nomdlalo, kwaye inzuzo engapheliyo ingahlakulela ukuziqhayisa, ukuziqhayisa, ukucinga ukuba yedwa. Ungadlala imidlalo ehlukeneyo, ufike "ngemisebenzi" emitsha yebhola. Ingane iqala ukuzama, ibonise imizobo emitsha kunye nemidlalo yebhola, okuqinisekileyo iya kukukholisa kwaye ikumangale. Musa ukuthukuthela ukuba umntwana uyisidenge. Pamper ncinane kunye nawe! Ububi obuhlangeneyo buza kubangela ukufudumala nokuqonda ngokuvisanayo.
Ibhola nomntwana oneminyaka eli-7 ubudala
Ngomnyaka wesixhenxe wobomi, abantwana babonisa umdla omkhulu kwimidlalo yezemidlalo. Kubalulekile ukwanelisa iminqweno yomntwana kwaye uyifake kwimimiselo yale midlalo. Ibhola yebhola, ibhola lebhola, ibhola le-handball, i-Russian lapta, i-hockey yentsimi, i-tennis yetafile ... Kulo lonke unokuyidlala - kukho imidlalo ehlukeneyo nebhola. Khumbula, yiyiphi into evuyayo ebuntwaneni, ukudlala le midlalo. Hlanganisa amaqela amancinane ukusuka kwintsapho yabantwana bakho abantu aba-2-3 kunye ... udlala!
Kumdlalo wezemidlalo umntwana akayi kukwazi ukukwazi ukufumana izakhono zakhe zeemoto kwiimeko ezintsha, kodwa ufunde nokucombulula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ukuqeqesha, ukukhumbula, ukucinga ngokukhawuleza. Ungakwazi ukuzisa umntwana kwiindidi zebhola kwimidlalo yezemidlalo: i-rubber encinci kunye ne-tennis ububanzi obuyi-5-6 cm, ubukhulu obuphakathi, ububanzi obuphakathi kwe-8-12 cm, ububanzi obukhulu be-18-20 cm. Kweminye imizobo kunye nemidlalo kungcono ukusebenzisa ibhola elincinci (kakhulu kukudlala imidlalo emanzini) okanye kwi-volleyball. Ngendlela, umntwana oneminyaka engama-11 ubudala kunye nebhola ibhetele kukudlala i-volleyball. Qinisekisa ukuba iibhola zi-elastic and bounce off the ground okanye udonga kakuhle.
Kwaye kunomdla, kodwa umdlalo omncinci kunye nebhola, njengento "engadliyo", "шдердер", "iifatata", "выбивалы"? Ukunikezela kumntwana kunye nabahlobo bakhe, badlale imidlalo yebhola eyahlukahlukeneyo nabo. Wonke umntu uya kufumana amandla - bobabini kunye nabantu abadala. Ngelo xesha, uya kuqinisa igunya lakho kwaye, ngokungangabazeki, uya kubona ukunyameka emehlweni omntwana wakho.
Ubume obaluleke kakhulu kwimidlalo (kwaye kungekhona nje ibhola) kukumomotheka, uvuyo, udumo, umdla wakho onyanisekileyo. Dlala ngokuzonwabisa. Umntwana ubamba ngokukhawuleza imvakalelo yakho, kwaye uya kuziva ukuba uyayenza "ngamandla." Inomdla kulo mdlalo inokugqithiswa ngokunyanzeliswa, ukugxininisa ngokweqile kwinqanaba lakho kunye nokwenqaba "ukudlala." Kufuneka uqedele umdlalo ngokukhawuleza, emva kokuba uqaphele iimpawu zokuqala zokulahlekelwa ngumdla womntwana kuwo.
Ndifuna ukuqwalasela ngokukhethekileyo, mama nomzali ondibathandayo, ukuba "umntwana", "umntwana" - le ntombazana nentombazana. Bobabini banokulingana kwaye bafanele bafundiswe ukudlala ibhola. Ukunyuka kwezingane kuya kufumana ukuchaneka, ukuxhamla, ukukhululeka, kwaye oku akuyi kubuhlungu nokuba yinkwenkwana okanye intombazana. Yaye nendlela yokudibanisa le midlalo ubomi bomntwana wakho!
Xa ufunde ezinye zeendlela zokudlala imidlalo eyahlukeneyo nebhola, umntwana uya kuziva ekhuselekileyo, ekhulile, enamandla, ekhuselekileyo, ozimeleyo. Ukuzivocavoca kunye nemidlalo kunye neebhola zobunzima obuhlukeneyo kunye nomthamo kuya kunceda ekuphuhliseni nje kuphela izihlunu ezinkulu kodwa nezincinci zezandla zombini, ukwandisa ukuhamba kwamalungu, ukukhulisa iminwe kunye neebhontshi, ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantwana abakulungele isikolo. Njengoko unako ukubona, phantse yonke into efunekayo ekuvelweni komzimba wakho womntwana, uyakwazi ukumnika ibhola - "elula". Yenza nje abahlobo!