IziCwangciso kunye neNqobo
Enyanisweni, i-World Health Organisation (WHO) ilungiselele ukuxosha i-poliomyelitis evela kumhlaba wethu ngonyaka ka-2000. Kwaye kwakunzima ukwenza oku ukuba kwakungazange kube ngamazwe ehlabathini lesithathu, apho intsholongwane enobungozi ijikeleza ngokukhawuleza, idluliselwa ngamaconsi amanzi, njengefuthe, kwaye ngokubaluleke ngokubaluleka kwizityalo ezingatshintshiyo-imifuno nezandla ezingcolileyo. KwiiRiphabhliki zase-Central Asia kunye nokuwa kweSoviet Union, abantwana babengasagonywanga, kwaye ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kwakhona yajika yaba yinkinga ebalulekileyo yehlabathi. Le ntwasahlobo, eTajikistan yedwa, oogqirha babhalisa amacala angama-278 e-poliomyelitis, kunye ne-15 kubo (ikakhulukazi kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala) abaneziphumo ezibulalayo. Kulo lizwe laseMpuma Asia, ukusuleleka kwavela kwiIndiya, iPakistan kunye ne-Afghanistan. Kuqhelekileyo e-Afrika. Kukho iminyaka emininzi yeenkqubo ze-UN ezikhethekileyo zokugonywa kwabantwana. Njengokuba usulelo lomngcipheko aluhambisani, i-poliomyelitis iyahamba. Ukongezelela, izityalo kunye nezithelo ezomileyo ezingeniswe kwiindawo ezihlelelekileyo zinokusuleleka. Kuzo iimveliso kunye namanzi, iqhubekeka kwiinyanga ezi-2-4, ngaphezu koko, iyakunxinxisa ukomisa nokuqhwala kakuhle, kodwa iyatshisa nje ukusela, i-potanganum permanganate (i-potassium permanganate solution) kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide. Amanzi okusela abantwana kufuneka asetyenziswe kuphela abilisiwe okanye ibhotile. Imifuno, iziqhamo, amajikijolo kunye nemifuno zihlamba ngokuhlamba ngamanzi kwaye zifefa ngamanzi abilayo ngaphambi kokuba unike umntwana. Ungalokothi uliphuze nobisi, uthenge ezandleni: unokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-poliomyelitis (kwakunye neengcambu zezinye izifo ezithintela ngamathumbu). Enyanisweni, ukuba ubisi lubilisiwe, akusayi kubakho mngcipheko.
Uhla lwezempilo
Iindlela eziphambili zokukhusela i-poliomyelitis ugonyo. Unikwa i-crumb kwiinyanga ezili-3 ngeli xesha kunye nokugonywa kwe-pertussis, i-diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus. Okokuqala, yenza ijoyi ye-intramuscular ye-DTP (kwi-esile), uze umbethe umntwana emlonyeni esuka kwisitofu sokugonywa kwepipette malunga ne poliomyelitis. Kubonakala ngathi kulula kakhulu: ugxinyiwe-kwaye ulungele! Kodwa ngale ndlela (yokunceda abantwana) yokulawula isitofu, kufuneka umntu alandele imithetho. Awukwazi, umzekelo, ukutya iimvuthu ngokukhawuleza emva okanye emva kokugonywa, kuba unokubuyisela ubisi kunye nokugonya. Emva koko kuya kufuneka ukuba unikezwe kwakhona! Kwimbali yendlela upapa azisa ngayo umntwana osiswini kwisitofu sokulwa nesifo sofuyo kwaye akazange aqwalasele into yokuba wayilungisile isitofu, kwaye ke wahlala engakhuselekanga kwintsholongwane eyingozi, isalathisi sencwadi yokugqibela yomlobi wanamhlanje uAlexandra Marinina yakhiwa. Le nkwenkwe, ngokwemvelo, yagula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngenxa yoko yayivalelwe kwisihlalo sabakhubazekile, kwaye upapa wayefanele ahlawule ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba angamele.
Ibali libaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kwento enye: kwiminyaka echazwe ngumlobi (ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo), i-poliomyelitis, ngakumbi eMoscow, yayingenanto. Kodwa phakathi kwekhulu lama-20, ukwanda kweziganeko zentsholongwane kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika kwanikezela uhlobo lwentlekele kazwelonke: kwezinye iidolophu iziganeko zaba ngabantu abayi-13-20 ngonyaka ngamnye ngabantu abayi-10 000 - into eninzi! Umzekelo weMongameli waseMelika uTheodore Roosevelt, owawubusa eli lizwe kwisihlalo sabakhubazekile, umzekeliso. Wayephethwe yi-poliomyelitis ngo-39, emva koko wayengenakuhamba. Enyanisweni, le fomu yesifo ixhaphake ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci, kwaye phakathi kwabantu abadala, kuphela abo banesifo sokuzivivinya umzimba abanzima ukunyamezela isifo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokudalwa kwezigonyo ngokumelene ne poliomyelitis kunye nokugonywa kwabantwana kumazwe athuthukile, kuquka intsimi ye-Ukraine namhlanje, lo sulelo lwaluphelile. Kwanje, xa imeko ye-epidemiological ingaba nzima ngenxa yegciwane lengeniso, ukungqubana kwe-HIV kungabikho, kuba abantwana bethu bayakhuselwa kulo ngokugonywa. KwiBhunga. Qinisekisa ukuba ugcine ikhalenda yezigulana zentsana, ukuphawula imihla yazo kuyo. Kucelwa uqaphele: isitofu sokukhusela i-poliomyelitis ngonyaka wokuqala senziwa ngokuphindwe kathathu ngeentsuku ezingama-45. Zama ukungadluli kulo mhla wokugqibela! Umphumo wokukhusela wokugonya omnye u-50%, kwaye xa umntwana efumana amayeza amathathu - 95%. Ukuba uthe wangena kwi-5% eseleyo, uya kufaka isifo kwifomu echithwe kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayiyi kuba yinto engavumelekanga. Into ephambili kukuba uqiniseke ukuba ukuhlaziywa kwengane yakho kulandela ishedyuli: kwiinyanga eziyi-18 neye-20, kwaye emva kweminyaka eyi-14.
Uphile okanye ufile?
Isitofu sokulwa nesifo se-poliomyelitis sineentlobo ezimbini: iqulethe i-virus ekhutshweyo (OPV) kunye ne-IPV engapheliyo. Nguwuphi na obabini ongcono? Enyanisweni, yokuqala - inika umzimba omzimba ozinzile. Nangona kunjalo, kuyinto engaqabile kakhulu (imeko enye yezigidi ezi-2-3), kodwa kwanegciwane elinesifo esinokukhubazeka singenza izifo ezinxulumene nokugonya. Ukuthintela oku kungenzeki, umntwana kufuneka ahlolwe ngudokotela oya kuhamba phambi kokugonywa. Ugqirha uya kugqiba ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingqinano yokugonywa. Ezi zilandelayo zibandakanya i-immunodeficiency kunye neemeko ezinzima ezihamba kunye ne-fever okanye i-systemic disorders, kunye nezifo ezimbi (kuquka i-oncohematology) kunye neengxaki ze-neurological ezihambelana nokufakwa kwangaphambili kwesilonda sokugonywa kwepilisi. Kodwa e-US, i-OPV ayisetyenziswanga iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10. Ukususela ngowe-1979, iimeko ezingama-144 ze-poliomyelitis ezinxulumene nokugonya ziye zaxelwa kwilizwe (ikakhulukazi kwizigulane ezine-AIDS ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-18), ngoko ke oogqirha banquma ukungathathi mngcipheko, kwaye batshintshela ukugonywa kwabemi be-IPV. Nangona kubuthakathaka, akukwazi ukukhupha i-poliomyelitis. Kwiimeko zaseMerika, eli li nyathelo lilungelelwano: umntwana ozelwe e-United States akanakwenzeka ukuba ahlangabezane nentsholongwane ye-"wild" yesifo se-polio, kunye nabantwana bethu, njengeziganeko zenyanga zangoku zibonise, kufuneka zikhuselwe kuwo-nangona kunjalo, isitofu esingasasebenzi Ngokomzekelo, iintsana eziphathwe ngamayeza (i-streptomycin kunye neomycin) inokunika impendulo ye-anaphylactic yemilinganiselo eyahlukileyo ekuphenduleni i-IPV-ukusuka kwi-edema yendawo ukuze utshitshise. akukho nto ifana nesifo sokukhusela okukhuselekileyo - njengeziyobisi ngokubanzi - kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda into enye: xa kunqatshelwe ukugonywa, umntwana uyingozi kakhulu .10 ukuya kuma-20% abo abanepolomyelitis baphelelwa ukukhubazeka kwaye izinga lokufa esi sifo sifinyelela ku-4% .Amanani - Ingxabano enamandla yokugonywa! Enye into ebalulekileyo ibalulekile ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo: izazinzulu ziyazi ezintathu iintlobo (ootitshala abaqhelekileyo basebenzisa igama elithi "ingxaki") yegciwane le-poliomyelitis. Oku kuthethwa ukuba le ntsholongwane iya kuthathwa kwaye igule kanye, kodwa kathathu ngexesha lokuphila: kwinkqubo yokubuyiswa kwintsholongwane, ukukhuselwa komzimba kuboniswa kuphela kwintsholongwane enye, kwaye ugonyo lukhusela wonke umntu kuwo.
Ukuchonga
Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwe-poliomyelitis (ixesha lokusuleleka kwintsholongwane kwintsholongwane yokubonakala kwintsholongwane yokuqala yeklinikhi) ihlala kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-14. Kwaye iimeko eziphezulu zigqitywa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo okanye ekwindla. Usulelo luqala ngokukhawuleza kwaye ekuqaleni lufana nomkhuhlane. Umfanekiso weklasi womkhuhlane ubonakala kanje: usana luphakamisa ubushushu ukuya ku-38-39 ° C, luba lukhuni, lulahlekelwe ngumdla, luqala ukukrazula nokukhwehlela, ukukhala kunye nokungabi nantoni, kuba intamo yakhe ibuhlungu. Kwaye ukuba ukuba le miqondiso ibuhlungu emathunjini kunye nehudo edibeneyo (ukuba, ngendlela, idibana neyona nto ingasoloko ihlala njalo), umama uqala ukucinga, ukuba kwintsholongwane yesifo esiswini esivamile. Ngendlela, inyaniso. Oogqirha abagcini nje ukubhekisela kwi-poliomyelitis kwizifo zezandla ezingcolileyo. Ukugcinwa kwezakhono zokucoceka kunciphise kakhulu ingozi. Kuthatha iintsuku ezi-4-5, kwaye umntwana uya kuba ngcono. Ngomntu ongakwaziyo uvakalelwa kukuba umntwana usufumene, kodwa ngokwenene loo mfanekiso ungabizwa ukuzola phambi kwesiqhwithi. Ixesha lokukhanya lihlala ngeveki, kwaye iqondo lokushisa liphakama kwakhona, kunye nokukhubazeka kwemisipha eyahlukileyo ekhulayo, ngokuqhelekileyo imilenze nezandla, kodwa i-musculature ye-facial, kunye ne-intercostal imisipha kunye ne-diaphragm inokubandezeleka - kwiimeko ezinjalo umntwana unzima ukuphefumula. Kuyatshisa kakhulu ukuba intsholongwane iyathintela amaziko okuphefumula kunye nama-vasomotor: kwimeko enjalo, ubomi be-crumb hangs ngqo kwi-balance. Kwezinye iimeko, i-poliomyelitis iyenzeka ngaphandle kokukhubazeka - phantsi kwe-meningitis, kwaye iifom zayo ezigqithisileyo zifihliweyo ngenxa yokubanda okanye ukusulelwa kwamathumbu emathumbu: ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kwesi sifo akunakukwazi ukuyiqonda. Ziyingozi kakhulu kwabanye, kuba zigalelo ekusasazeni kwe-virus. Ukunyanga umntwana oye wagula nge poliomyelitis kuyimfuneko esibhedlele - ufuna ukuphumla kombhede, ukuphumla okupheleleyo kunye nolawulo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha. Umama makafanele ukuba nethemba elifanelekileyo: kwisiqingatha seemeko, njengoko umntwana ebuyisela, ukukhubazeka kuya kwenzeka.
Kwiinkqubo ezinzima zokubuyisela, iingcali zibeka ingqwalasela enkulu kwi-massage kunye ne-physiotherapy, kunye ne-sanatorium kunye nokunyangwa kwenyango kusetyenziswa isanti kunye namabhodlo edaka emadolobheni eBerdyansk naseYevpatoria, kunye ne-radon kunye ne-hydrogen sulfide (umzekelo, eSochi). Ukunyanga umntwana kuza kuba nobomi, kodwa ukuphelelwa lithemba, awukwazi ukuyeka ukuhamba kwezandla zakho naziphi na izinto. Nakuphi na ukuphuculwa kufuneka kubonakale njengokunqoba kwesi sifo, nokuba ncinane kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuba ngaphezu kwexesha - kwaye le shishini alikho elide elizayo! - oogqirha baya kufunda indlela yokulungisa i-"breakage" ebangelwa yintsholongwane ye-polio kwi-neurons, eya kusindisa izigulane kwimiphumo yesi sifo. Ngako-ke, umntu kufuneka ahlale ethemba okulungileyo kwaye azame ukuqinisa le nkolelo kumntwana. kufuneka, okokuqala, kuMama!