Enyanisweni, ukusuleleka kwe-cytomegalovirus kunye nokukhulelwa ziingcamango ezihamba kunye. Kulo lonke ihlabathi, abafazi abakhulelweyo bachaphazeleka yi-cytomegalovirus rhoqo. Ngokweenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo, iziganeko zabasetyhini abakhulelweyo zivela kwi-80 ukuya kwi-100%. Kwi-30-60% yabantwana, iimpawu zokuqala ezine-infection ze-cytomegalovirus ziyavela kakade kunyaka wokuqala wobomi. Unentsholongwane le ntsho longwane ngokuqhagamshelana nomntu ogulayo, kwaye isifo ngokwalo sivame ukuvela kwifom ekhangelekileyo okanye engafaniyo.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Cytomegalovirus, ukuba kukho, kufunyanwa phantse kuwo onke amajelo omzimba womzimba womntu. Kucacile ukuba kulula ukusuleleka nge-airborne indlela, ngesondo esingakhuselekanga, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntwana ubeletha kwaye intsholongwane idluliselwa kwiintsana ngexesha lokubanjwa okanye ngexesha lokuncelisa. Kulandela ukuba umngcipheko wokusuleleka ngowokuqala ngowomnyaka wokuqala wobomi bomntwana, kwaye emva kwexesha lokuqalisa umsebenzi wesondo.
I-Cytomegalovirus ngamanye amaxesha uphila ubomi emzimbeni womntu, kodwa yonke imiqondiso yesifo, njengomthetho, ayikho. Umntu unako ukusasaza intsholongwane lonke eli xesha kwaye abe ngumthombo wesifo. Ngenxa yokunciphisa ukukhuseleka, ukuphuhliswa okuthethekileyo kwintsholongwane kunokwenzeka.
Ukukhulelwa nokukhulelwa
Ukubonakaliswa kwekliniki yentsholongwane ka-cytomegalovirus ayixhomekekanga. Ngesinye isi sifo sihamba kunye nokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, i-lymph nodes ziqala ukwandisa, izihlunu, izifo, ubuthathaka. Oogqirha belo xesha babeka, ngokwemiqondiso, ukuxilongwa kwe-ARI.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unyango aluqalanga, izigulane ziba ne-pneumonia (imiphunga iqala ukutshiswa), isisu nesisu sesilonda, imeko ingaba nzima ngokuguquka kwe-hepatitis kunye ne-myocarditis (ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo). Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuxilongwa kwangempela akunakusekwa.
Usuleleko lwe-Cytomegalovirus ngumngcipheko othile ekukhulelweni. Le namhlanje yizona zizathu ezibangela ukuba abesifazane basemngciphekweni wokukhipha isisu, kunye nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuqala. Kulo fetus, olo sulelo luyingozi ngeempembelelo eziphambili zentuthuko: ingqondo, amehlo, ngokuqhelekileyo zonke ziphela ekufeni kwe-fetal.
Isiphumo esingenakulinganiswa kwaye esinzima xa kunokwenzeka ukuba umfazi usulelekile nge-cytomegalovirus ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokukhulelwa, xa ibhinqa lingenalo i-immunity kuyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kukho okuthiwa "ukukhulelwa kwe-cytomegalovirus", ngexesha leyo intsholongwane engena kwi-fetus ngexesha elifutshane. Ukuba intsholongwane yenzeke ixesha elide ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, umzimba sele usungule iqela le-antibodies ekhuselekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, okunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko womntwana.
Usulelo lwe-Congenital - iimpawu
Ngexesha lokufumanisa intsholongwane ngokwayo kwigazi okanye kwi-smears yowesifazane okhulelweyo, umngcipheko wokusuleleka kwe-intrauterine ukwandisa kakhulu. Oku kubonisa ukuba inkqubo esebenzayo iqalile. Nazi izibonakaliso eziqhelekileyo zokusuleleka kweentsholongwane zentsholongwane zentsholongwane:
ukulibaziseka ekuphuhliseni, okwaqala ngexesha lokukhula komntwana;
- isibindi esandisiweyo kunye nepeni;
- jaundice;
- ubukho bokukhawuleza;
- inani leengxaki ekusebenziseni intliziyo kunye nenkqubo yeentlungu.
Umntwana ongaphambi kwexesha uhlala ekhuselwe kwisifo. Ngokukhulelwa okuqhelekileyo, i-placenta ayinakunyuswa kwiintsholongwane ze-cytomegalovirus, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha intsholongwane ingangena kwi-placenta kwaye iyitshintshe ngendlela yokuba ibe yinyameko kwaye intsholongwane ivele ingene kwi-fetus. Ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, iintsholongwane ezikhuselekileyo ezisuka kumzimba kamama zithunyelwa kumntwana, ngoko ke, abantwana abazalwa ngexesha bekhululeke kakhulu kwiziphumo zentsholongwane.
Ukufumanisa i-cytomegalovirus kunokwenzeka, ukunikezela ngokuhlalutya kwegazi, kunye nomchamo, i-smears apho i-virus ifunyanwa lula. Egazini, ama-antibodies kuwo ayedla ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Akukho nonyango ekhethekileyo yokusuleleka kwe-cytomegalovirus. Ukusetyenziswa kwonyango inani lezonyango ezandisa ukhuseleko.