Kukho iziganeko ezenza ukuba i-dynamics yesisindo nokuphakama komntwana. Ezi zinto, okokuqala, zibandakanya - ukuzalwa, indawo kunye nesondlo.
Ubuncwane bendalo buchaphazela kakhulu ukukhula komntwana (ubunzima bubonakala ngokugqithiseleyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa), kwaye ekuphuhliseni ubunzima, indima ephambili idlalwe ngumgangatho kunye nokubunjwa kwesondlo. Kule nto sinokugqiba: ukutya okuqhelekileyo kwinqanaba elithile kuqinisekisa ukuphuhliswa okuqhelekileyo kokukhula kunye nobunzima bomntwana. Kwaye kungakhathaliseki ukuba abazali bafuna kangakanani, utshintsho ekukhuleni nasekuziphatheni aluxhomekeke kwimimiselo "ukuba ndiyondla kakhulu - kuya kuba ngcono", yonke into inemigangatho ethile, eyahluka ngokubanzi.
I-WHO (iWorld Health Organisation) incoma ukugcina umntwana ngokubelethwe kuphela kunyaka umntwana eneminyaka engathandathu ubudala, emva koko, emva kokungeniswa kancinci, kodwa uqhubeke uncelisa ubuncinane unyaka.
Njengoko idatha yakutshanje ibonisa, ukulinganiswa kwesisindo somlinganiselo wabantwana abasondliwayo, belandela iinconywa ze-WHO (ukuncelisa ngaphandle kokuncelisa iintsasa ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6), ngokungafani nakakhulu nokukhula kwangaphambili. Oku kubangelwa kukuba iishedyuli zangaphambili kunye neetafile zokuzuza ubunzima kunye namazinga okukhula abantwana aphelelwe yisikhathi. Iidable kunye neemifanekiso zenziwe zingaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo kwaye zisekelwe kwidatha ngokukhula nokulingana kwabantwana ababengabondliwa kuphela.
Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba abazali abaninzi, bezama ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho emidala, baqala ukugqithisa abantwana babo kwiinyanga ezithandathu ubudala, kwongezelela ngokungenangqiqo ukuxuba imixube yokufakelwa. Ukugqithisa kwakhona kubangela iingxaki ezilandelayo: ukugqitywa kokuncinci, ukugqithisa kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba yeyiphi imoto yophuhliso lomntwana unciphisa, umngcipheko kwixesha elizayo ukuxhatshazwa kwesinyameko kunye nezinye izifo ezinzulu - emathunjini e-intestinal dysbiosis, ukuphefumula kokutya, i-pancreatitis, ukuxilongwa okungapheliyo, i-atopic dermatitis - amaxesha amaninzi anyukile.
Kule nkalo, iqela lophando ngo-2006 liphucule imigangatho emitsha yokuguqulwa kokukhula kunye nobunzima bomzimba babantwana. Ukuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo ukuphuhliswa komntwana kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo izinto ezi-3-ukukhula, umda weentloko kunye nesisindo. Ezi pharamitha zidlalwa kwiitheyibhile ezihlukeneyo - kubafana abahlukeneyo, kubafana abahlukeneyo, kuba iipameters zihluke ngokuthe ngqo.
Izisindo zamantombazana ukusuka kwinyanga 1 ukuya kwi-5
Imilinganiselo yokulinganisa abafana ukusuka kwinyanga 1 ukuya kwi-5
Imigangatho yokukhula kwamantombazana ukusuka kwinyanga enye ukuya kwi-5
Izinga lokukhula kubafana abavela kwinyanga 1 ukuya kwi-5
Intlawulo yeenyawo zentloko yamantombazana ukusuka kwinyanga enye ukuya kwi-5
Iinqununu zezihloko zabafana abavela kwinyanga 1 ukuya kwi-5
Indlela yokusebenzisa itafile
Itshathi inemibala emibini - imigaqo yokuphuhlisa abafana iboniswa kwimvelaphi eluhlaza, ukuphuhliswa kwemimiselo yamantombazana kuboniswa kwimvelaphi eluhlaza. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo izibonakaliso zokukhula okanye ubunzima (ukuphakama ngo-cm, kunye nobukhulu kwiikhi) ziboniswa. Ibonisa ngokulinganayo ubudala bomntwana kwiinyanga. Sifumana ingongoma yomda phakathi komgca ojikelezayo, ohambelana nobunzima, umgca wentloko okanye ukukhula kunye nomgca othe ngqo, ohambelana nomda womntwana - oku kusemgangathweni yophuhliso (oluphakathi komgca obomvu ophezulu kunye nomgca obomvu ophantsi). Ukuba ukhangelelene kunye netafile, unokubona ukuba amazinga okuphuhliswa ahluka ngohlobo olubanzi (kwinqanaba elithile, ukuguguzwa komzimba kuchaphazela). Ukuba izalathisi zingaphezulu komgca obomvu ophezulu okanye ngaphantsi komgca obomvu obuncinane, kufuneka udibanise neengcali zezingane ukuze uthole iingcebiso. Ugqirha uya kuchonga izizathu ezinokwenzeka zokungafani kunye neeparitha zokuphuhliswa komntwana wakho.