Ngoku nje ivila ayizange ive nge-sushi. Nangona abantu abaninzi banengcamango encinci malunga nalesi sidlo. Eyona ndlela, igama elithi "sushi" ngumxube welayisi kunye nemifuno ehlanganiswe kwiintlanzi eziluhlaza kunye nolwandle oludibeneyo, oluxutywe kwi-soy sauce okanye kwi-wasabi. Kodwa esi sidlo sisona sinobuchule kakhulu, sinamakhulu amakhulu endlela yokulungiselela kwaye sinempahla eninzi encedo. Ukuba uthetha nakwezinye izitya zaseJapan - uSushi uya kuhlala 'ebiza ikhadi'.
Imbali yelizwe
Ukuqala kwimbali yelizwe kusekho kwikhulu lesine BC kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia. Iintlanzi ezazisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwifom egciniwe - i-salted kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo-kunye nelayisi kunye nemifuno kwaye yayiyimfuneko ebalulekileyo (kunye neyokuphela) yiprotheni ekudleni. Wayegubungela zonke izitya zemveli etafileni. Emva kokuvavanya, intlanzi yayigcinwe kwilayisi, ukwenzela ukuba iinkqubo zendalo zenzeke kwizityalo, ukunceda ukugcina inyama isanda. Kwabonakala ngokukhawuleza kunye neentlobo zokuqala zomhlaba zushi. Enyanisweni, ngoko ayenjalo. Esi sidlo sazaliswa ngokubonga ngenkqubo yokwenza ilayisi malunga neenyanga ezi-2, emva koko iintlanzi zithole intlobo ekhethekileyo, kunye nelayisi - izakhiwo ezikhethekileyo.
Eyinqaba njengoko kubonakala ngathi, esi sidlo sasixabiswa okokuqala ngqa eJapan kwikhulu le-8 BC. Emva koko wanikwa igama elithi zushi waza wathandwa ekupheleni kwexesha leMuromachi. Olu hlobo lwe-sushi lwalugxothwa ngexesha leentlanzi laliphekwe, kwaye irayisi ephekiweyo ayizange ilahlekelwe yintyatyambo. Ngoko uSushi uye waba esinye sezidlo eziphambili kwishishini laseJapan lokutya. Kamva, esikhundleni sokusetyenziswa kwemveliso yerayisi yokuvumba, ilayisi yaqala ukudibanisa neviniga kwaye ayihlanganisi nje ngentlanzi, kodwa kunye nemifuno eyomileyo nezinye izithako. Kwaye namhlanje kummandla ngamnye waseJapan kukho ukugcinwa iirephepheni kunye nenqweno ekhethekileyo, okwenza iindlela zokupheka ze-sushi ezahlukileyo zivela kwelinye kwaye zizithumele kwizizukulwana ezininzi.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, xa iTokyo yaba yinto ephambili yoshishino lokutya, amaqela abathengisi abajikelezayo ayengabonakali, apho kutholakala khona iindlela zokupheka zomhlaba ezitsha, ezifana ne-nigiri-zushi, apho iintlanzi zaqala ukudibaniswa nolwandle. Kwakuvela kuye emva koko waza waya kwiindlela ezisisiseko zokwenza i-sushi. Emva kwenyikima enkulu eKanto ngowe-1923, abapheki abanamava abalungiselela ama-nigiri-zushi bahlakazeka kulo lonke elaseJapan, kanye belahlekelwa yimisebenzi yabo. Ngoko kwiindawo ezininzi ezikude i-recipe ye-sushi yaziswa ngendlela esiyazi ngayo ngoku.
Kwama-80s, ekuqaleni kokwazisa ngokuphumelela kwempilo, uSushi uye waba esinye sezidlo ezinempilo kakhulu, ezenza ingqwalasela enkulu kwihlabathi. Ekuqaleni, kuphela abaphathi bamava abanamava abanokuzibandakanya ekwenzeni i-sushi, eyayixabisa ubunzima begolide. Kodwa kamva, kunye nokuza kwee-sushi, ukuvelisa ubuninzi bongezeleleke izakhono ezincinci zabaphathi bomhlaba, kwaye ukuveliswa kunye nokuthengiswa kwe-sushi kwafumaneka kubantu abaninzi kuwo onke amazwe.
Iintlobo zomhlaba
Kwigama elithi "sushi" abaninzi abantu bacinga ukuba intlanzi eluhlaza. Kodwa oku akunjalo. Enyanisweni, ukuba uya kwi-bar yaseJapan kwaye ukhangele kwiitya zokuloba iintlanzi, bambalwa kuphela abaya kuba neentlanzi. Kodwa nangona ibukeka iluhlaza, iqala ukuhamba ngekhosi yokugaya, i-blanching, igxininisa kwisisombululo esibalulekileyo kunye neqhwa. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezenziwa ngentlanzi phambi kokuba uSushi ulungiselelwe kuyo.
Okokuqala, uSushihi ubugcisa. Nazi ezinye zeentlobo ezidumileyo nezithandwayo zeSushi:
- I-sashimi: Ientlanzi ezicotyiweyo zenziwe ngefom ekhangayo. Umdaka, intlanzi ephekiweyo okanye ekhunjulwayo inqunywe kwiindawo ezi-3-5. Ngokuqhelekileyo bakhonza kunye ne-wasabi sauce kunye ne-ginger.
- I-Nigiri: iinxalenye zeentlanzi zihanjiswa ngelayisi ngendlela yeebhola, ngamanye amaxesha kunye neqhezu le-nori elibiweyo (uhlobo lwe-algae). I-teknoloji yokupheka esi sidiza ijoliswe ekusebenzisaneni kwelayisi kunye nentlanzi kunye nokuphucula indlela yabo yokubonakala kunye nokubonakala kwesobugcisa. Omnye ukhonza uqulethe ezimbini ibhola.
- Gunkan Nigiri: enye yeentlobo ze-nigiri. I-Gunkan iguqulelwa esuka eJapan ngokuthi "kwisikhephe". Igama leli lizwe livela kwindlela yokulungiselela, apho isithako esiyinhloko ngumsila, sihlaselwe ngesitya. Iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zomhlaba zi-Gunkan, i-Irkur ne-Yuni. Omnye ukhonza unamalungu ama-2.
- Hosomaki: iinxalenye zeentlanzi ezinqambileyo kunye nelayisi encinane. Igobolondo elingaphandle liqukethe i-nori. Isiqephu se homosaki ngokuqhelekileyo sinamaqela angama-6.
- I-Futomaki: I -sushi enqambileyo ehlanganiswe i-sushi igcwele izithako ezininzi, iinxalenye zayo zikhulu kakhulu. Omnye ukhonza uqulethwe ngamaqhekeza amane-10.
- Yuramaki: le ntlobo ye-sushi ithandwa kakhulu kwi-bars ye-sushi yaseMelika. Abanye bathi le nto ingenxa yokuba i-algae ifihliwe ngaphakathi kwimiqulu, kwaye ukuqala abathandi be-sushi baya kuba "banenkxalabo" nokuba bayakufaneleka ukutya. Omnye ukhonza unama-6 okanye ama-8.
- Izifundo: i -sushi ehlanganiswe nge-algae, ezidliwa ngezandla, njenge-ice cream cone. Enye inxalenye iqulethwe i-cone ezele izithako ezahlukahlukeneyo.
Ixabiso leSushi lexabiso
Ngaba uye wakha wazibuza ukuba mangaphi iikhalori ekusebenzeni omnye kweSushi? Ngethamsanqa, kunye nokusetyenziswa okulinganayo kwe-sushi - oku akusiyo isidlo, ngenxa yokuba unokufumana ubunzima. Ukuphuculwa ngerayisi, i-carbohydrate enzima, nokuba isahlulo esifanelekileyo somhlaba sinokutya okunempilo kakhulu, eshiya ukushicilelwa okuhlala njalo nokubonakalayo kumfanekiso wakho.
Ewe, i-calories-ehlwempuzekileyo yezilwanyana zasemanzini idlalwa ngokungafanelekanga. Uhlobo olufanayo lwe-sushi lunokuthi luqulethe umlinganiselo ohlukeneyo wezithako zomntu ngamnye, ngoko ke, unomxholo ohlukeneyo wekhalori, i-fat, i-carbohydrate kunye nomxholo weprotheni. Kodwa ngokubanzi, uSushihi unokuthathwa njengemveliso yokutya.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uSushi uye waba udumo ngokugqithiseleyo, kodwa malunga nesi sidiba kukho imibuzo emininzi malunga neengozi zempilo zokudla oku kudla. Ininzi yesithako esisisiseko kwiSushi isempilweni. Intlanzi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo, ityebile kwiprotheni kunye ne-calcium. Ukuba ufuna ukufumana umthamo omkhulu weprotheni, zama itayuni. Inzuzo enkulu yeentlanzi ezinamafutha, njenge-salmon, kukuba i-omega-3 fatty acids. Intlanzi entsha kukuba ukutya okunempilo kunye nodumo oluhle. I-Sushi inenani layo liphezulu kunamaprotheni anotyebileyo kunye namafutha angaphantsi kweentlobo zeentlobo zokutya ezikuzo kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. I-Sushi ibona ukutya okuphilileyo kunokutya kwezilwanyana zasemhlabeni, ezityebileyo ngamafutha azalisiweyo. Ininzi iintlobo zeentlanzi zaselwandle zininzi okanye zincinci kwi-omega-3 fatty acids, eziyimfuneko yokutya okunempilo, kuba umzimba womntu awukwazi ukwenza izinto eziphilayo. Ezi zimbini ezixutywa kakhulu kunye nezixhamlayo ze-omega-3 zi-fatty acids zi-DHA kunye ne-EPA, ehamba kunye ne-monounsaturated acids kwioli yeoli iyanceda ngakumbi kwimpilo yakho kunokuba ucinge.
I-seaweed edibeneyo, apho intlanzi ihlanganiswe khona, enye enye imvelaphi ebalulekileyo yeprotheni kunye ne-calcium. Ukongeza, banikezela ezininzi iivithamini ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iintlobo ezili-10 ze-vitamin C. Le "mvulophu" ye-algae nayo inezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo zokutya. I-sauce ye-Wasabi ineendawo eziphambili ze-bactericidal, kwaye iqulethe i-vitamin C.
Kwakhona kufuneka ukuba i-sushi inokukunceda ukuba uzive ukhathele kwaye uphukile xa unesifo sokudakumba okanye intloko. Isizathu sale nto sinokuphulwa kwegciwane le-thyroid. Yiphi iodine, selenium kunye ne-magnesium ezifunekayo. Ngenxa yokuba i-iodine itholakala kwi-sushi, ivenkile kunye ne-marine algae, ukusetyenziswa kwezi mveliso kuya kukhokelela kwiqondo eliphilileyo le-hormone ye-thyroid ye-thyroid gland.
I-omega-3 fatty acids ifuthe njani kwimpilo yethu?
- I-Omega-3 fatty acids, equkethwe kwi-sushi, ukwandisa izinga lomzimba we-cholesterol enhle. Oku, kungakhokelela ekunciphiseni i-cholesterol embi egazini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubukho bee-acids bunempembelelo enhle kwi-cardiovascular system.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwe-omega-3 fatty acids kuboniswa ngamagqirha kwizigulane ezine-type 2 zeswekile, kuba i-acids inokunceda ukunciphisa amazinga eshukela egazi.
- Izifundo zibonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kokungena kwe-omega-3 fatty acids kwi-sushi kunye nokuqiniswa kweendonga zeemithwalo yegazi, ukuncipha kwegazi kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Ingxelo kwiphepha lezonyango elidumileyo libonisa ukuba i-omega-3 fatty acids inciphisa ingozi ye-Alzheimer's disease. Ukusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lwe-acids e-fatty kunciphisa ukuya kuma-70% umxholo weprotheni ye-amyloid engqondweni, ekhankanywe njengenye yezona zizathu eziqhelekileyo zesifo se-Alzheimer.
- Ekubeni i-omega-3 fatty acids ibalulekile ekuphuhliseni okufanelekileyo, kubandakanywa iintsana, abafazi abakhulelweyo nabaqhawulayo, kufuneka badliwe ngokutya. I-Sushi kule ndawo iyona "umthengisi" ofanelekileyo waloo mveliso obalulekileyo. Namhlanje, i-omega-3 fatty acids ibonwa njengeyona ndlela yokwenene yokuphulukisa izifo ze-cardiovascular disease, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana zaselwandle kunconywa ngabagqirha emhlabeni jikelele. Abantu abaninzi bathatha i-omega-3 supplements ebizwa ngokuthi "ioli yeentlanzi". Kodwa ke ndingathanda ukukhumbuza ke, ukuba inyama yentlanzi elwandle-eyona mthombo ocebileyo we-omega-3 fatty acids. Ngokufanayo, le ntlanzi isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-sushi.
Izingozi eziphathelene nokusetyenziswa komhlaba
I-Sushi ithathwa njengenye yeesitya eziphilileyo. Kodwa, ngelishwa, kwaye unemiqobo ethile. Enye yezinto ezixutyushwa kakhulu malunga nokusetyenziswa kweentlanzi okanye ukutya kwezilwanyana zaselwandle ngumlinganiselo we-mercury equlethwe kuwo. Enye ingxaki yinani leekhalori. Esinye isahlulo selizwe asinakwenzeka ukuphakamisa izinga labo, kodwa ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo, unobungozi bokuzifaka iipilisi ezimbalwa. Qaphela - iikhalori kulezi zicucu ezincinci ziqokelelwe ikakhulu ngenxa yerayisi, ezizityebi kwi-carbohydrate enzima. 1 iglasi yeerayisi emhlophe iqukethe iikhalori eziyi-160.
I-Sushi inomnye umva - njengokuba izitya ezininzi ezibandakanya iintlanzi eziluhlaza, zinokudibanisa ama-parasites. Oku kwenzeka ikakhulu kwiimeko apho intlanzi ihlambulukanga kakuhle okanye ibanjwe kwiindawo ezingcolileyo zolwandle.
Njengoko kusetyenziswe nayiphi na ukutya okuluhlaza, ukusebenzisa i-sushi inomngcipheko wokuthatha i-organisms ye-pathogenic, kodwa umngcipheko wokwanda kwezinga lokungcola kwi-ajenda yezokwelapha. Ngokubanzi, impendulo kumbuzo othi "Ngaba uSushihi ungumkhiqizo onobulumko?" Impendulo icacile - "Ewe." Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uqonde kwaye uhlolisise imingcipheko ehambelana nokusetyenziswa kwalo mveliso. Kungekudala, abaphandi banenkxalabo malunga neengxaki zokuhlamba iintlanzi ngeesinyithi ezinzima, ezinokuthi zibekho kwezinye iintlobo zeentlanzi, ezinjalo njengezilwanyana ezininzi njenge-tuna kunye ne-swordfish. Enyanisweni, iphakamileyo intlanzi kwindawo yokutya - ukungcola okungakumbi.
Ngenxa yobungozi bokungabikho kokungcola okunjenge-mercury kunye nee-pathogens, kuyacetyiswa ukuba abafazi abakhulelweyo kunye nabantu abane-immune system bazinqanda ukusetyenziswa kweentlanzi ezinkulu okanye nayiphi na inyama eluhlaza ekudleni kwaseJapan. Ubukho bezinto ezinobungozi kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaba zabonakaliswa, kodwa ukusetyenziswa ngokulinganayo kwesi siko akuyi kuzisa ingozi ethile kwimpilo yabantu. Ngethamsanqa, uphando olusandulweyo lwakhiwo lweZiko leMpilo lubonisa ukuba ibhalansi iyaxhomekeka ngokuqinisekileyo kwimiphumo emihle yokusetyenziswa kwe-sushi.
Ngethamsanqa, iimeko zokuxhatshazwa obangelwa kukusetyenziswa komhlaba aziqabile kakhulu. I-Sushi ikhuselekile, njengawo nawuphi na ukutya, ukuba icutshungulwa kwaye igcinwe ngokuchanekileyo. Nangona abanye abantu kuya kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo okunciphisa ingozi ethile echaphazelekayo neyokhoyo. Kubantu abaninzi, uSushi uyisitya esikhuselekileyo, ngaphandle koko sinceda kakhulu. Yiba nokuthula, wazi umlinganiselo kwaye ungadluli - kwaye akuyi kuba neengxaki.
Okukhethiweyo kukukho
Ukulinganisa i-pros kunye neengxaki kunokuphazamisa ukhetho lwethu malunga nokuba ungayithembeli yini into yokutya yaseJapan ye-sushi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, oogqirha bathi i-sushi ngumkhiqizo onomdla kakhulu oqukethe ubuninzi bezinto ezingenakusiza nezingenakulungiswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi - ukuqinisekiswa ukuba kunye nalolu hlobo oludakayo sinokuzichaphazela ngee-parasites eziyingozi kunye nkunkuma yeekhemikhali. Ekugqibeleni, i-sushi inemiba engxaki, kodwa ke kufuneka uzibuze - ingabe inja eshushu okanye i-cola ikhuselekile ngaphantsi? Yaye yonke into iya kuwela.