Ingxaki eqhelekileyo yeethambo zamathambo. Eli gama liqondwa njengeqela leemeko zesifo esichaphazelekayo ngokubonakala kwehla kwi-tissue yamathambo ngelixa ligcina isakhiwo sayo. Kwininzi yezigulane, uphuhliso lwe-osteoporosis ludibene nenkqubo yokuguga ngokwemvelo (idiopathic osteoporosis). Le yile fomu yesifo esoloko ibonwa ngabasetyhini emva kokuqala kokunyuka kwexesha, kunye namadoda amadala. I-osteoporosis ingabangelwa ezinye izinto, umzekelo, ukuthatha iqondo eliphezulu le-steroids ngokunxila, isifo sikashukela, i-hyperthyroidism.
Ukulahlekelwa kweethambo
Idiopathic osteoporosis ihamba kunye nokulahlekelwa kwe-3-10% yomsindo weethambo ngonyaka, kwaye le nkqubo ikhawuleza kwabasetyhini kunamadoda. Isantya sokuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo sinokuchaphazeleka ngemibandela enjenge-genetic predisposition, ubuninzi bomzimba, isenzo somzimba, uhlobo lomgangatho wesondlo lwe-hormone (ngakumbi i-estrogen). I-Osteoporosis yinkathazo eqhelekileyo kwaye ayikwazi ukuphathwa kakuhle, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyijonga ngokukhawuleza ngokuhlola. I-Osteoporosis ihamba kunye nobungozi obunzima bokuphulwa kwethambo, nokuba kunye nokulimala okuncinci-umzekelo, ukuwa okuqhelekileyo kunokubangela ukuphuka kwe-hip. Oku, kudala, kukhokelela kwi-syndrome evezwe yintlungu, ubuninzi beenguqu ezingenakuguqulwa kumzimba wexhoba, kunye nokunyuka okukhulu kweendleko zonyango. Ngako oko, ukufumanisa i-osteoporosis kwinqanaba lokuqala ngumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngexesha elifanelekileyo kukuvumela ukuba unqande okanye unciphise ukulahleka kweethambo zamathambo. IzeMpilo kunye namandla omzimba zixhomekeke kumlinganiselo wokukhula kunye nokuhlenga amathambo. Izicubu zethambo ziqukethe inani elincinane le-calcium. Yona nqanaba elisebenza njengesalathisi sokulinganiswa kwethambo lamaminerali (BMD).
Uhlobo lwe-Bone
Ngokuqhelekileyo, amathambo emasipha aquka i-cortical (dense) (80%) kunye nesipongy (spongy) (20%). Emathanjeni omgudu lo mlinganiselo ulandelana ngokulandelana 34% no-66%. Ekubeni ukuhlaziywa kwamathambo esiponti kubakho amaxesha angama-8 ngokukhawuleza kunokuba i-cortical, umgudu ngummandla okhuselekileyo, ngumbuso onokukwazi ukugweba ubuninzi beethambo zamathambo.
"Intlanzi" i-vertebrae
Ukushabalala kwe-trabeculae ehamba phambili. I-trabeculae eseleyo eseleyo ibangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwemizimba ye-vertebral. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-trabeculae kukhokelela ekugqibeleni ngokugqithiseleyo kwinqanaba le-cortical layout kwi-roentgenogram, eyenza isakhelo sohlobo olujikeleze imizimba ye-vertebral. I-tomography yekhompyutra yomgca we-lumbar ukuzimisela kwe-MKT kwinqanaba le-spongy of vertebrae ingasetyenziselwa i-computed tomography. Le ndlela yenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ungabandakanyi ukusuka kwisifundo i-vertebra enesibindi, eyakhiwa ngokubunjwa kwe-osteophytes nge-arthrosis Ndiyinkqubo yokuguga ngokwemvelo. I-ray-ray ye-X-ray absorptiometry (i-DRL) yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuzimisela. Nangona kungekho inkqubo yokuhlola i-osteoporosis yesizwe, isifundo esinjalo sinconywa kwizigulane zembali yentsapho, ukungondleki ngokwaneleyo okanye ukungavumelekanga kwirejimenti yokuhlaziya. I-DRA iyakunyamezela ngokulula izigulane. Ngethuba lokufunda, isigulane silele ngokulala ngesityhula malunga nesiqingatha seyure. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-X-ray kusetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukulinganiswa kwamathambo amaninzi kusekelwe ekuqaliseni umehluko kwinqanaba le-absorption ye-X-ray. Ukufumana ubuninzi bexabiso le-BMD, iziphumo ze-DRL ziguqulelwe kwifom. Emva koko izalathisi zithelekiswa kunye nohlobo oluqhelekileyo lwendawo yokudala kunye neqela lobuhlanga. Ulwazi olunjalo, olufakwe kwifom ebonakalayo, lunokusetyenziswa ngokubeka iliso rhoqo ngonyaka ukuguqulwa kwamathambo. Ngoku siyazi indlela i-osteoporosis ephathwa ngayo kwinqanaba lokuqala.