Unyango lweengxaki zokuxhalabisa ngokuqhelekileyo yinto oya kuyidinga. Ukukhathazeka ngokuxhalabisa kunokuthatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi:
• isifo sokukhathazeka jikelele - isiguli rhoqo okanye siva nexhala ngaphandle kwesizathu;
• imeko yesifo - isigulane ngokukhawuleza sihlakulele ukuhlaselwa kwexesha elide elingachazwanga lokwesaba;
• uxhalabhiso lwengqondo - isigulane sinokubakho ukwesaba okungenangqiqo (phobia), ngamanye amaxesha kubangela ukuhlaselwa ngokwesifo okanye ukubonakaliswa kwekliniki yokudakumba. Ezi zinto zibandakanya ukwesaba ukuthetha nabantu (i-social phobia), ukwesaba kwiindawo zoluntu kunye neendawo ezivulekile (agoraphobia), ukwesaba kwezilwanyana (i-zoophobia);
• I-Hypochondria - ukwesaba kwezifo, nangona umntu ephilileyo.
Ukuxhalaba kwenzeka nini?
Ukuxhalabisa ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimpawu yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, umzekelo:
- ukudandatheka;
- ingxaki yokuxinzelela emva kwesifo;
- isifo seemeko zokunyanzelisa.
Ukuxhalabisa okwenyukayo kungenzeka ngezifo ezithile ze-somatic, ngokukodwa nge-thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) okanye ukuxothwa ngokukhawuleza kwezixilongo okanye utywala.
Iimpawu
Izigulane ezinengxaki yokuxhalabisa zidla ngoku:
• ukuxhatshazwa nokuxhatshazeka, ngamanye amaxesha kuhamba kunye nokuhla kwekhono lokugxila;
Ubunzima bomzimba wesikhumba;
• ukwandisa ukujuluka. Kwakhona kunokukhokelela ukuba ugqitywe okanye ugxeke. Ukongeza, ezininzi izigulane zinamava:
• uvakalelo lwesongelo oluzayo (ngamanye amaxesha luhamba neelpitation);
• umvo wokungahambi komoya;
• ingqondo yokuxhomekeka komzimba (isigulane siziva 'ngaphandle komzimba wakhe') okanye ukutshintsha (konke okukujikelezayo kuye kubonakala kukude okanye kungabonakaliyo) - Kwiimeko ezinjalo, isigulane sinokuvakalelwa kukuba "uyahamba";
• ukwanda kwexhala - ezininzi izigulane ziphelelwa ngumdla kwaye zinzima ukulala.
Kwimininzi, nangona kungenjalo zonke iimeko, ukuxhalaba kukubonakalisa ngokugqithiseleyo imeko yobomi boqobo. Abanye abantu banokuba neengxaki zokuxhalabisa, kodwa iziganeko eziqhelekileyo zezi zinto zilandelayo:
• Ubuntwana obungasebenzi;
• Ukungabikho kolondolozo lwabazali;
• izinga eliphantsi lemfundo;
• ubundlobongela obunabantwana;
■ umsebenzi ongenakonakala weengcali zeengqondo ezingqondweni (abalamli bezinto ezinokwenziwa kwezinto ezinokwakheka kwe-nerve impulse transmission).
Ukukhula
Ukuxhaphaka kwezixinzelelo ezixhalabisa kakhulu kakhulu - kuluntu lwangoku iimeko zokuphazamiseka kweengxelo zifikelele kwisiqingatha sazo zonke izifo zengqondo. Imiba yokuxhalabisa ingenzeka nanini na ubudala, ukususela ebuntwaneni. Kucingelwa ukuba abafazi bayabandezeleka kubo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunamadoda. Nangona kunjalo, isilinganisi esilinganiselweyo sokwenza isisombululo sinzima, ngenxa yokuba izigulane ezininzi, ingakumbi amadoda, azifuneki uncedo lwezokwelapha. Ubuncinane i-10% yabemi iimeko ezixakekayo ngeli xesha okanye ngelo xesha lobomi, kwaye ngaphezu kwama-3% abahluphekayo ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa kweenyanga ezininzi kunye neminyaka. Kwimeko eninzi ukuphulwa kwachaphazelekayo kwabameli beqela leminyaka eli-25-44. Iintlobo ezinzima ze-social phobia ziyabonwa malunga ne-1 kuma-200 amadoda kunye nakwi-3 kuma-100 kwabasetyhini. Ukuxilongwa kwengxaki yokuxhalabisa ngokuqhelekileyo kusekelwe kwimbali yeklinikhi. Ukukhuphela izifo ze-somatic ezihambelana neempawu ezifanayo, ezifana ne-hypoglycemia, i-asthma, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, ukuthatha okanye ukuyeka imishishini okanye iziyobisi, isithuthwane, i-vertigo, inani lebhubhoratri nezinye izifundo. Kubalulekile ukufumanisa ubukho bentsholongwane engqondweni, engabonakalisa ukhathazeka okukhulu, njengokudandatheka okanye ukugula komqondo. Unyango lweengxaki zokuxhalabisa kufuna ukudibanisa i-psychotherapeutic kunye neendlela zonyango, kodwa izigulane ezininzi zithatha ukunakekelwa kwengqondo, zikholelwa ukuba zinezifo ezithile zesifo se-somatic. Ukongezelela, izigulane zisoloko zinoyiko lwemiphumo emibi yonyango.
Psychotherapy
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukululekwa kwengqondo yengqondo kunye nokuchongwa kweengxabano zangaphakathi kunceda. Ngamanye amaxesha unyango lweendlela zokuziphatha luba nefuthe elihle. Ukunciphisa uxhalaba kunokufaka isandla ekuphuhliseni iindlela zokuphumla nokuxinzelela uxinzelelo. Kwi-phobias, indlela yokuchithwa kwemiqathango incedisa. Ngenkxaso yonyango, isigulane sifunde ngokukhawuleza ukujamelana neemeko okanye into eyoyikisayo. Ezinye izigulane zincedwa yiqela leengqondo zengqondo.
Amachiza
Amachiza amaninzi atyunjwe kunyango lweengxaki zokuxhalabisa ziquka:
zincinci - ezinye iilungiselelo zeli qela, umzekelo, diazepam, zinokumiselwa izifundo ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-10. Xa usebenzisa, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ama-dosage asebenzayo amancinci ukuphepha ukuphuhliswa komlutha nokuxhomekeka. Imiphumo emibi yezixilisi zibandakanya ukungcola kunye nokwakhiwa kokuxhomekeke kwengqondo; i-antidepressants - ayibangeli ukuxhomekeka okunzulu, njengezithuthuthu, nangona kunjalo ukufezekiswa kwempembelelo enkulu kunokufuneka kwiiveki ezine. Emva kokugqiba umthamo osebenzayo, unyango luqhubeka ixesha elide (ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu). Ukuyeka ukuhamba kwangaphambili kunokukhokelela ekugqibeleni kweempawu; beta-blockers - kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa ezinye iimpawu zexinzelelo (intliziyo yokubetha, ukugubha). Nangona kunjalo, iziyobisi zeli qela ayinayo ingqalileyo ngqo kwimbonakalo yengqondo, njengengcinezelo yokuxinezeleka kunye nokuxhalabisa.