Uqala njani ukungena Ekuphuhlisweni kwayo, amanyathelo amathathu ahlukeneyo.
Isigaba esisodwa - i-allergen yokuqala ingena emzimbeni. Ngendlela yohlobo lwe-allergen, nantoni na inokuyenza: ukutya, iinwele zezilwanyana, impova yeentyantyambo zezimbali, iikhemikhali zekhaya, izimonyo. Amaseli omzimba omzimba ayazibona ezi zinto njengabantu abangaziwayo, kwaye ziqalise ukuveliswa kwee-antibodies. Ama-antibodies asetsandulweyo angalinda udibaniso olulandelayo kunye ne-allergen phakathi nonyaka, ukunamathela kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-cell e-obese ngaphantsi kweembrane ezinamaqabunga kunye nama-epithelial tissues.
Amanqanaba amabini - i-allergen yangena emzimbeni kamva. Ama-antibodies ayayiphendula, kwaye aqalise indlela yokuvula iisiti zeentsimbi kunye nokukhululwa kwezinto eziphilayo (serotonin, histamine nabanye). Ezi zizinto ezibangele iimpawu eziphambili zokugula (nazo zibizwa ngokuba ngama-hormones angama-pro-inflammatory or mediators of inflammation).
Isigaba sesithathu yindlela yokuziphendulela ngokwayo. Ngenxa yokukhululwa kwezinto eziphilayo, i-vasodilation iqala, ukungena kweethambo kuqinisa, i-edema iqala, ukuvutha kuqala. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-anaphylactic kungenzeka - ukuhla kwehla kwegazi ngenxa ye-vasodilation eqinile.
I-allergosis eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ihlukaniswe kwiifom ezikhanyayo kunye neenzima. Iifom zokukhanya ziquka:
* I-rhinitis ye-allergen - ukuvuvukala kwebhubhane, ngenxa yokuphefumlelwa kwempumlo, ukuphefumula kunzima, ukukhenkceza, ukufihla imfihlelo yamanzi, ukuvutha komlilo kwi-pharynx.
* i-conjunctivitis ye-allergenic - ukukhala, i-eemadi edema, ubomvu, i-conjunctiva injection (iinqanawa ezisesweni zibonakala), photophobia, ukunciphisa i-eye gap.
* i-urticaria yendawo - ulusu luhlanganiswe nge-blisters echazwe ngokugqithisileyo, baneziko eliluhlaza kwaye baphakamise imiphetho, ukubonakala kubetha kakhulu.
Iifom ezinzima ze-OAS ziquka:
* I-urticaria jikelele - yonke indawo yesikhumba ihlanganiswe ngamabhanti achazwe ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye konke oku kuhambelana nokutshiza umzimba wonke.
* U-Edema Quincke - ukukhukhuma njengesikhumba kunye nezicubu ezincinci, kunye neembumba ezinqabileyo. Ngxeshanye, i-edema yamalungu, isondlo sesisu kunye ne-larynx ingaqalisa. Nge-edema yesondlo sesisu, isicathulo, ukuhlanza kunye nesisu esiswini siqala. Xa i-edema ye-laryngeal ibonakala ingqungquthela, ukukhahlela kungaqala.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Anaphylactic - uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuphazamiseka (ukuphazamiseka okukhulu) okanye ukulahleka kwengqondo (ukutshatyalaliswa okukhulu), i-edema ye-laryngeal nokuphefumula ubunzima, intlungu yesisu, ukuvutha okukhulu, urticaria yehla ngokukhawuleza. Ibonakalisa phakathi kwemizuzu emihlanu yokuqala emva kokudibana ne-allergen.
Abafazi abakhulelwe bahlala behlushwa emifoseni, i-rhinitis ye-allergen ne-Quincke's edema. Ukongezelela, ukuba unina unomdla ongathandabuzekiyo, ngoko-ke ukungabikho komzimba kuvela kwi-fetus (ukufikelela kuma-antibodies ngokusebenzisa i-placenta ivaliwe), kodwa umntwana ochaphazelekayo uchatshazelwa ngumqathango jikelele ka-mama ngendlela yokukhubazeka kwegazi kwi-fetus phantsi kokuchaphazeleka kwe-allergenosis nangaphantsi kwefuthe lezilwanyana ezichasayo.
Injongo ephambili yokunyanga i-allergies yindlela efanelekileyo yokukhupha iimpawu zakhe. Kwimeko yokukhulelwa - ngaphandle kweengozi zemiphumo emibi yeziyobisi ekuphuhlisweni komntwana. Ekuqaleni kwenzeka ukuphendulwa komzimba kuyimfuneko ukujongana nomntu ongenanto, nangona ukuba i-OAZ yayimfutshane. Emva kwakho konke, unyango oluphambili kunye nolona lungcono lwe-allergenity allergies yi-lack of complete contact with the allergen. Ukufunyanwa kwayo, kukho iindidi zezifundo eziqhutyelwayo: inqanaba le-anti-gum ye-IgE egazini limiselwe kwaye iimvavanyo ze-scarification zentsholongwane ziqhutyelwa (isisombululo esilungiselelwe ngesiseko se-allergen esaziwayo senziwa phantsi kwesikhumba kwisilinganiselo esincinci kwaye umzimba uphendule kuwo okanye kuqhutywe ukuvuvukala kwi-injection ).
Ziziphi iimpawu eziyimfuneko kakhulu kwiimeko ze-OAS? Okokuqala, ukuba uyazi i-allergen yakho - ungavumeli ukudibanisa nayo, okanye ukuphelisa umphumo wakho kuwe. Emva koko, qhagamshelana nogqirha. Ukuba ukubonisana kungenxa yeso sizathu esingenakwenzeka, ngoko kukho uluhlu lwezilwanyana ezichasayo.
Izidakamizwa ezichasene nazo zonke izizukulwana ezimbini. Isizukulwana sokuqala se-H2-histaminblockers kukuba:
I-Suprastin (i-chlorpyrramidine) - ngexesha lotyando lweempembelelo eziyingozi ezinokuthi zithatyathwe ngabafazi abakhulelweyo.
I-Pipolphen (i-piperacillin) - inomsebenzi ophezulu we-antihistaminic, inomdla, i-hypnotic, i-antipsychotic, i-antiemetic, i-hypothermic effect, kwaye ayifuni kakhulu ukusetyenziswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
I-Allertec (i-cytiserin)-ibhalela i-histamine i-H1-receptor ye-peripheral, xa isetyenzisiweyo ingabangela ukuba i-sedation ibe yamkelekile kwinqanaba lesibini neyesithathu labafazi abakhulelweyo.
I-Tavegil (klemastin) - inceda ukunciphisa i-edema, inciphisa i-itching kunye nokunceda ukunciphisa ukunyamezeka kwe-vascular. Kwimeko yokukhulelwa, inokusetyenziswa kuphela xa kukho ingozi ngqo kwisigulane, kwaye akukho zilwanyana.
Isizukulwana sesibini se-H2-histaminoblockers kukuba:
I-Claritin (loratadine) - isetyenziselwa ukuqeda iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-rhinitis ye-allergen kunye ne-conjunctivitis ye-allergenic, xa kunokukhulelwa kungasetyenziselwa kuphela xa umngcipheko wokuphendulwa komzimba kukhulu kunokuba uthathe iziyobisi. Kodwa lo mngcipheko uhlolwe kuphela ngugqirha.
Isizukulwana sesithathu se-H2-i-histoblockers
I-Fexadine (i-fexofenadine) - inokumisa iimbumba zeeseli zesisitye kwaye iyanciphisa ukukhululwa kwe-histamine kubo, umphumo wokusetyenziswa kwayo iqhubeka iiyure ezingama-24, ingenayo i-cardiotoxicity, i-sedation, ayichaphazeli iimpendulo ze-psychomotor, kwaye iphinde ichazwe ngokukhulelwa. Unokumiselwa ngugqirha kuphela xa usongela ubomi bomama.
Luhlobo luni lwamachiza endiyithathayo kunye ne-allergies? Into ebaluleke kakhulu akuyi kuzama ukunyamekela, kodwa ukubonisana neengcali, qwalasela uhlobo lwezilwanyana, kwaye uzame ukuwaphepha kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla.