Intsapho yaseTarkovsky
Ngoko, yintoni eyayinomdla kwimpilo kaTarkovsky? Ewe, i-biography yomlawuli yaqala njengabo bonke abantu-ukususela ekuzalweni. Usuku lokuzalwa kuka-Andrew-uEpreli 4, 1932. I-biography yale mntu onetalente yaqala kwisiqhelo esiqhelekileyo saseRashiya. Intsapho yaseTarkovsky yayihlala kwingingqi yeTrans-Volga kwingingqi ye-Ivanovo. Kodwa ke, abazali bakaAndrei babefundile kwaye banengqondo. Mhlawumbi, kubangelwa ukuba i-biographie ye-cinematic genius yenzeke. Inyaniso kukuba uyise womlawuli wayengumlobi, kwaye unina ungumdlali we-actress.
Ubuntwaneni "obumnandi" iTarkovsky
Nangona u-Andrei wakhulela kwidolophana, wayehlala eziva ekhethekileyo, wayeyindlalifa yokuzalwa. Ukuba bonke abafana abazange baqaphele ukuba ngaba babezicathulo ezicocekileyo, nokuba ngaba babephethe ihempe entsha, kubaluleke kakhulu ku-Andrei. Nangona ubuhlwempu bentsapho, kwaye emva koko, umama wamvusa yedwa, kuba ubaba wamshiya xa le nkwenkwe yayineminyaka emihlanu, wayehlala ehluke ngoxa wayebukele imfashini kwaye wakwazi ukuzibonakalisa. Xa yena nonina bathuthela eMoscow, uAndreya waqala ukubonisa oko ngokwenene. Le nkwenkwe nonina bahlala eLamoskvorechye baze baya esikolweni sendawo. Ngendlela, kwakukho kwesi sikolo umbongi owaziwayo uAndrei Voznesensky wayefundisisa naye.
U-Andrei Tarkovsky akazange akhutshwe okanye akhutshwe. Wayekwazi ukufumana indlela kunye nokuthetha nabantu bonke. Kwaye ootitshala babelingana naye. Wayehluke kakhulu kumntwana osemncinci waseSoviet. U-Andrew uye wayeseyindoda eyayixabisa inkululeko kwaye yayiva ngaphakathi kwayo. Ezi zinokukwazi ukufumana abantu abambalwa abahlala ngaloo xesha. Wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba yintoni into ekhulula ngayo. Kodwa u-Andrei akazange akwesaba oku. Wayehlala ehlala, wacinga ngendlela ayeyifunayo, kwaye wayethetha oko kwakubalulekile ukuba achaze.
Ubugcisa ebomini bakhe
UTarkovsky wayenomdla kwezobugcisa ukususela kumncinane. Waya kwiSikolo soBugcisa esibizwa ngokuba ngu-1905. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokugqwesa kwimfundo yamabanga aphakamileyo, umlawuli wexesha elizayo akazange azigqibelele ukuba ubani ofuna ukuba. Inkwenkwe yangena kwiSebe lase-Arabhu leMiddle East leMfundo ye-Moscow Institute of Basic Studies. Wayenomdla waza wahamba waya eSiberia. Apho, emlanjeni, loo ndoda yayichitha zonke iinyanga ezintathu kwihambo ye-geological. Kodwa ke, uthando lokudala lwaluthatha umonakalo, kwaye emva kokubuyela eMoscow, u-Andrei waya kuVGIK. Apho apho wadlula iimviwo waza wangena kwi-workshop kaMikhail Romm. Kwaye kunye naye wafunda ezininzi ezaziwayo ukuba ziqhathwe iinkwenkwezi zesi sizukulwana. Kodwa uninzi lwazo zonke ikhosi zimile kunye neetalente zabo ezingaqhelekanga uAndrei Tarkovsky noVasily Shukshin. Ngendlela, xa uShakshin noTarkovsky bathatha uvavanyo, ikhomishini yesizathu esithile ayifuni ukuba abafana bangeniswe kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo. Bonke ootitshala bathetha uRomm ukuba angathathi abantwana. Kwaye akazange avumelane, ethatha enye nomnye. U-Vasily no-Andrey behlukile, njengamafutha kunye namanzi. Ngokuyininzi abazange baguqulwe, kodwa uRomma wacinga ukuba kwakubuntu obukhethekileyo obufunekayo. Yiloo ndlela abafana baphela ngayo kwi-workshop yakhe.
Izifundo kunye neeprojekthi zokuqala
Ngexesha lokufunda kwakhe, uTarkovsky waba ngabahlobo abasondeleyo kunye noConchalovsky. Apha bavele nje bajonga imibono ngokubumba kunye nobomi. Yingakho abafana behlala beqhuba zonke iiprojekthi ezabelwe zona ngokubambisana. Baye bathanda ukusebenza ngetyala, ukwabelana ngeengcamango. Umsebenzi wabo wengcaphephe yayiyifomfisha emfutshane "I-rink yokukhwela kunye ne-violin". Kwaba mnandi kakhulu kwaye waphumelela kangangokuba waphumelela umvuzo omkhulu eNew York, xa kukho ukhuphiswano phakathi kwamafilimu abafundi. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1961.
Mosfilm
Emva kokugqiba, uTarkovsky waya kuMosfilm. Ifilimu yokuqala eyadutshulwa yayingu "Ivan's Childhood." Leli bali malunga nomntwana oye wangena phambili waphenduka ngokunyanisekileyo nangokubuhlungu kangangokuthi uTarkovsky waphawula ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko umfanekiso "Ndingeminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala" kubonakala kwiikrini. Kule frimu, abaninzi abantu babonakalisiwe. Akunjalo nje abadlali, kodwa nabangumbongi. Enjalo, umzekelo, njengoAndrei Voznesensky, uRobert Rozhdestvensky, uVadim Zakharchenko.
Enye ifilimu, "UAndrei Rublev," owaye waya ngaphesheya kwesihloko esithi "Ukukhathazeka kukaAndreya," wayeyinyani. Kulo, iTarkovsky sele iqalile ukutyhila ukuphikiswa kwayo. Yingakho phesheya eli phephancwadi lalibhekwa njengento ekhethekileyo. Kodwa kwindawo yeSoviet yakhishwa kwinqanaba elincinci, ikhutshwe kancinci kwaye isuswa kuphela. Ewe, ngelo xesha kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthetha ngokunyanisekileyo nangaphambili malunga nobomi be-icon enkulu. UTarkovsky wayekwazi ukubonisa kakhulu into eyayimfuneko ukuba athule kwiSoviet Union.
Emva koko uTarkovsky wathatha ezimbini zobugcisa, abayibulelayo namhlanje. Oku, kunjalo, "Solaris" kunye ne "Stalker". Ezimbini zeefilimu ziye zaba yi-godsend yangempela kwi-cinema yaseSoviet. Ziyathakazelisa kwaye zenzelwe ukuba zingenakuqhathaniswa nabaninzi kunye nabaninzi be-Hollywood blockbusters. Ngaphandle kwemiphumo ekhethekileyo, iingubo ezibizayo kunye nemihlobiso, uTarkovsky wakwazi ukubonisa intsingiselo yezobugcisa zengxelo yesayensi yekhulu le-20. Waba ngumlando ngenkathi esaphila, urhulumente waseSoviet akazange ambone. UAndrew wayenalo ndawo kwilizwe lakhe. Ngoko waya eItali, waya eFransi. U-Andrei wathatha imifanekiso emihle emibini, kwaye nangona bafumana amabhaso, bebevinjelwe kwiSoviet Union. Kwaye kwakubuhlungu kwaye buhlungu.
Udumo olugqithisiweyo
UTarkovsky wayengakaze aziwe, ephila. Kwaye emva kokufa kwakhe, xa ubukhosi baseSoviet bawa, bathetha ngaye. Ngoku lo mlawuli uyamkela kokubili isizukulwana esidala kunye nolutsha. Ngokwenene, uyisimboli se-cinema. Nguye loo mntu owaziyo ukudubula iifilimi ezinzulu, ezinzulu kunye neengcamango apho kwakunqatshelwe khona. Nantsi into enjalo, engenakulinganiswa kunye neyokuzonwabisa, i-biography yeTarkovsky, engabonakali ngexesha lakhe njengengqiqo ye-cinema ...