I-Hip dysplasia kumntwana

Ngokwezibalo, abazali abathathu kwiintsana ezilikhulu eziza kuzalwa bajongene nale ngxaki. Kuyaziwa ukuba i-dysplasia ye-hip ehlangene nomntwana iyisifo sokuzalwa.

Oogqirha phantsi kwegama elithi "dysplasia" lithetha ukuhlaselwa kwe-congenital malding of joint, okukhokelela ekuphazanyeni komsebenzi wakhe kwaye kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo kwe-hip.

Kucacile ukuba eso sifo ekungabikho kwonyango asipheli kakuhle. Ukuphululwa kwezinto ezinobungozi, intlungu kwiindawo ezinobungozi kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu wokukhubazeka - le yimiphumo yokunyanzelwa kwedysplasia. Ngako oko, bonke abaomama nabagadi kufuneka baqonde iimpawu zokuqala zezi zifo kwaye baqonde ukubaluleka kokutyelelwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngexesha lomzimba. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kunye nokonyango olufanelekileyo kuya kunceda ukuphepha iingxaki!


Sisiphi isizathu?

Umbono oqhelekileyo weengcali malunga ne-dysplasia yokubambisana kwe-hip kumntwana akakho. Ngokwezinye zeenguqulelo, isizathu esona sisisiphumo sokuphuhliswa kwezicubu ze-articular kwizigaba zokuqala zokukhulelwa (iinyanga ezi-2-3 zokuqala). Kule ndlela i-ecosystem engadli kakuhle, ukuchazwa kwezidakamizwa kunye nezifo ezithintekayo.

Ngokweminye imfundiso, inqanaba eliphezulu le-oxytocin, i-hormone ebangela ukuqala kwezabasebenzi, isebenza ekuphuhliseni amaqela emvumba. Ukuhlanganiswa kwi-trimester ye-III, i-oxytocin yandisa ithoni yesisu se-fetus, ngenxa yoko ukuhlanjululwa kwezihlanganisi ze-hip kukhula ngokukhawuleza. Mhlawumbi le yeso sizathu sobuninzi be-dysplasia phakathi kwamantombazana (amahlandlo amahlanu ngaphezulu kaninzi kunamakhwenkwe), anakho amathuba okuchaphazeleka yimvelaphi ye-hormonal yomama.

Ukwandisa umngcipheko wesimo se-vitro fetal kunye nesigxina somsebenzi osisigxina (kwi-presentation breech).

Ukutyekela i-dysplasia kudla ngokuba nefa, ngoko ke ukuba ezinye zeentsapho zakho sele zineziganeko ezinjalo, kufuneka ucinge malunga nokuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwangaphambili.


Qaphela

Ukugxeka abazali abangalunganga ngokwabo, nangaphambi kokubonisana nomzimba. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kuvela ngesimo esibi sesifo, xa intloko yesifazana iphuma ngokupheleleyo kwisigxina. Kwiimeko ezininzi zincinci, ubukho be-dysplasia bunokumiselwa yinkwenkwezi, ekubeni ukuxhaswa kunye nokuqhutyelwa phambili kokubambisana kwe-hip ngaphandle kwento engabonakali. Iinkalo eziphambili:

umda wokuhamba (ukukhutshwa) kwezinqamlezo, ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana uqala ukukhala xa ezama ukubuyisela umlenze

bucala;

i-asymmetry (incongruity) yamagqabi angamaqhekeza kunye nee-gluteal, eziza kuthiwa zichazwe ngakumbi kwicala elonakalisiweyo.

Kodwa ubukho beempawu kuphela kwi-dysplasia ye-hip ngokubambisana nomntwana akuwona umqondiso obonakalayo wesifo kwaye unokuba ngumphumo wokuphulwa kwetoni ye-muscle.

Xa kuthengiswa, umxube we-hip ulahlekelwa yimisebenzi yawo, kwaye umlenze ochaphazelekayo uncishiswe. Kukho "uphawu lokuchofoza" - isalathisi sekhanda lentloko ephuma kwinqanaba lomlenze xa imilenze yomntwana iguqa emadolweni kunye namaqhinga okuqhawula, kunye nesalathiso salo xa ihlanjululwe.


Ungaphuthelwa ixesha!

Ukuba i-dysplasia ayifumananga kwiinyanga zokuqala ezi-6 zokuphila, ukulimala okubambisanayo kuyaqhubeka-isilenze sincishiswe, i-pathological ("duck") iqhutywe okanye i-claudication yesikhashana iqhutywe (kunye nokuchithwa kwamanye amazwe).

Ukuxilongwa kwe-dysplasia idlalwa esibhedlele. Ukuba oku akuzange kwenzeke (kutshanje, i-ultrasound yenziwa kuphela xa kukho iingxaki), ngoko umama ngokwakhe angacela unobantwana ukuba aqhube uviwo. Kukhuselekile kwimpilo yengane kwaye iqinisekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokuxilongwa.

Nangona enye i-ultrasound engayibonakalanga i-pathology, khumbula ukuba kuphela ukunyamekwa ngumbono wamazinyo kunye nezicwangciso ezicwangcisiweyo kuya kunceda umntwana ukuba agweme iingxaki.

Ukutyelela kokuqala kumathambo kufuneka kuqhutywe kungakapheli inyanga 1, kwaye i-ultrasound imbopheleleko yomxube we-hip isenziwa. Le yimeko ebalulekileyo yokuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwe-dysplasia. Ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kuqhutywe ekupheleni kwenyanga yesithathu, ngoko ugqirha unokuncomela ii-ray. Kunolwazi ngakumbi kune-ultrasound. Eyona nto inzima kakhulu ekufumaneni i-subluxation ye-joint hip, ephantse ingabonakali kwaye ingabonwa kuphela kwi-X-ray.

Thatha ngokunyanisekileyo ukunyamekela okukhuselekileyo kwi-orthopedist - ixesha lokubhalwa kweemviwo alisoloko lihleli, ngalinye lidibaniswe nesigaba esibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni abantwana.

Ukuba i-dysplasia ifunyenwe kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zobomi bentsana, emva koko emva kwenkqubo yokonyango (njengomthetho, ngenyanga ye-6-8) amandla okubambisana abuye abuyiselwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye akukho miphumo emide ekhoyo. Kodwa oku kuyenzeka kuphela ngokufumanisa kwangaphambili kunye nokwanela unyango.

Umncinane umntwana, kulula ukuphatha i-dysplasia. Ngoko, umzekelo, kubantwana beenyanga ezintathu zokuqala umdibaniselwano unokubuyiselwa ngokuzimeleyo, ngaphandle kokuba ii-pedicels zihlala zichanekile. Yingakho indlela eyona ndlela yokwelashwa kwiimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo i-swaddling yamahhala, apho imilenze yomntwana isezantsi.

Ngaloo nto, amava ase-Asiya nase-Afrika, apho oomama baninzi ixesha eligqithwa ngabantwana kwisisu okanye emva kweminyango yabo kwaye bangayigodli.

Amacala e-dysplasia awanqabile apha, kuba amanxeba anikezelwa ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zophuhliso oluqhelekileyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emazweni aseYurophu, kuyaqheleka ngokwaneleyo ukutshatyalaliswa iintsana (ukubetha imilenze kunye nomnye) - kule ndawo, nokuba neyona ndlela ilula kakhulu yokuphuhliswa kwamalungu angabangela ukubunjwa kwe-dysplasia.


Ukukhulula inkululeko!

Oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba i-swaddling yamahhala ayigcini nje ukuvumela ukutshintshwa kwi-self-recovery ekuqaleni, kodwa kukhuthaza kwakhona ukuphuhliswa kwamalungu, ukukhusela ukuvela kweengxaki. Intsingiselo ye-swaddling yamahhala yinto yokuba imilenze yengane kufuneka ihlale isesikweni, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo inkululeko yokuhamba. Indlela elula yokufezekisa le nto inesipopu esikhulu kunye neeshiapers ezilahlayo: emva kokubeka i-diaper ecocekileyo kumntwana, i-diaper ene-dense igxile phezu kwayo, ifakwe kwi-band ebanzi, ukuze umntwana angakwazi ukuhambisa imilenze kunye. Kule ndawo, isigulane esincinci kufuneka sibe ngamahora angama-24 ngosuku. Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo ugqirha uneza ikhosi yokugaya i-massage kunye ne-gymnastics yemihla ngemihla (kubandakanya ukunyuka kwe-circular in the joints). Kwiimeko ezininzi zeefom ezinqabileyo (ukuxhaswa, ukuchithwa kwangaphambili kunye nokuhamba kancane kwentloko yesifazane), olu unyango lwanele.


Ayinaso ixesha ...

Kodwa ukuba unyango kunye nokuthintela akuzange kwenziwe kwiinyanga ezi-3 zokuqala, kuya kubakho unyango olubi kakhulu kunye nexesha elide luya kufunyanwa. Ingozi ye-dysplasia engabonakali kukuba amathambo omntwana omncinci aguquguqukayo kwaye aphantsi kohlengahlengiso oluthile ngenxa yempawu zabo zeminyaka. Amagqabantsana omntwana ahlala ekhula, kodwa le nto ichaza kwakhona ukunyameka kwayo kwintlekeleko yentuthuko. Amaninzi amaninzi (kubandakanywa ne-hip) kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi ziqulethe kakhulu izicubu zomzimba, kwaye nakuphi na ukuphulwa kwamathambo kubangela ukubunjwa kwezinto eziphosakeleyo. Ukumisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo, kufuneka ubuyele kwindawo eqhelekileyo zonke iinxalenye zomdibaniselwano. Ukwenza oku, bahlala basebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamathayi angaphandle, bagcina imilenze yengane kwindawo efanelekileyo. Siyabulela oku, emva kwexeshana umdibaniselwano "ulungiswe" kwaye uqala ukuphuhlisa ngokuchanekileyo.

Xa uneminyaka engama-2-3, i-X-ray ayinakunikwa izigulane ezincinci kunye ne-dysplasia engathandabuzekiyo, kuba nangokwenqatshulwa okungaqinisekisiwe kuyinto yesiko lokumisela ikhondo lokukhusela: ukusetyenziswa kwamathayi athambileyo, i-gymnastics course (kunye nokuthathwa kwe-gymnastics) kunye ne-gluteus muscle massage. Ukugaya kunye nokuhlamba idibanisa kakuhle kunye neendlela zokwakheka kwe-physiotherapy, ukukhawuleza ukubuyisela.

Ukusebenzisa amathayi aqhubela phambili, khumbula ukuba ukuyila kwawo akufanele kuphazamise ukuhamba ngokukhululeka kwemilenze yomntwana, ngaphandle koko ukuphumelela kwonyango kuncitshiswa. Akunakwenzeka ukususa isakhiwo sokugcina ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, isikhundla esifanelekileyo segama kufuneka sigcinwe rhoqo. Kwimeko yesimo esifanekileyo sesifo, isondo esasazekayo sigqithisele umntwana kuphela ngexesha lokulala. Isigqibo sokuyeka unyango senziwa ngugqirha ngesiseko seziphumo eziliqela ze-X-ray kunye nokunyamalala kweempawu.

Ukuba emva kweentsuku ezingama-2-4 zonyango akukho luhlengahlengiso lwento yokutshatyalaliswa, kodwa ukuphumla okupheleleyo kwemisipha yowesifazane kufezekiswa, ukulungiswa okunamandla ngokubambisana ne-traction eqhubekayo imiselwe. Kule nto, kusetshenziswe i-bandage ye-plaster, evumela ukugcina iingxube zomlenze zomntwana zihlanjululwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ziboshwe kwii-angles ezilungileyo. Olu hlobo lonyango lusetyenziselwa xa kukho iifom ezinzima okanye ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kwe-dysplasia, xa iindlela ezincinane zingasebenzi. Ngoko ke, kwakhona ndifuna ukubeka ingqwalasela yabazali ngokubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwangaphambili: ekufumaneni i-dysplasia kwiinyanga ezi-3 zokuqala, ukubuyiswa okupheleleyo kwezihlanganisi zomlenze kwi-95% yabantwana kuphunyezwe kwiinyanga ezili-3-6 zonyango.

Uninzi olunjalo lwexesha elide lonyango lubonakala lukhuni kwaye lusizi, ngokuqhelekileyo abazali bazama ukufumana iindlela ezichanekileyo kunye ... kunjalo, yenza iphutha. Ukunyanga kwe-step-by-stage kwimeko yokusana kuyasebenza ngakumbi kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukunyamekela ngaphezu kokusetyenziswa komntu omnye kuvaliweyo kuvaliwe phantsi kwe-anesthesia, ngezinye iimeko ezinokubangela iingxaki ezinzima.


Ukuqwalaselwa kuyimfuneko

Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wobomi, bonke abantwana baphinde baqhutywe uviwo oluqhelekileyo kunye nodokotela ogqirha wamazinyo. Emva koko imimiselo iyahlula amaqela amaninzi:

abantwana abane-dysplasia abangazange bafumane nayiphi na unyango;

abantwana abaneendlela ezinzima ezingalunganga, ze-dysplasia;

abantwana abane-dysplasia eseleyo.

Umntwana ngamnye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, unikezelwa unyango olongezelelweyo - olulondolozayo (ukuxuba, ukugcoba, i-physiotherapy) okanye ukungenelela okutyathwayo. Ukuba ukuxilongwa "kokungabikho kokungenakwenzeka" kuqinisekiswa, ngoko kufuneka kwenziwe umsebenzi - ukulungiswa ngokutsha kokubambisana phantsi kwe-anesthesia.

Ukuba ukuxothwa kwalawulwa ziindlela ezizimeleyo, utyando olwenziwe ngokubambisana alusebenzi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kusebenza umsebenzi ongenakudinganiswa oya kunceda ukulungisa (ukuzinzisa) ukudibanisa. Uninzi lwamaxesha amaninzi, ukungenelela okunjalo kwenziwa kubantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, xa ubunzima bebantwana bulula ukunyamezela i-anesthesia. Kodwa unyango lotyando lufanele lwenziwe ngokukhawuleza! Ngoko ke, kulungele ukwenza idibene kunye neenyanga ezili-12-13, xa umntwana eqala ukuhamba.