Ihlobo lekwindla yokuqala yithuba lokuphumla nabantwana. Yeka indlela ekumnandi ngayo ukubhukuda ehlanjeni okanye elwandle, ukwakha inqaba yentlabathi, unqwenela ukutya i-pear juir echwebeni. Kodwa ukuba umkhuhlane womntwana uphuma ebusika, uhudo luqala, luzanyazanyiswa ngukuhlanza, ngoko abazali bakhe bayothuka: kwenzekani? Kuye kwenzeka ukuba iinyaniso ezilula zazilibaleka kwaye ukusuleleka kwe-intestinal ye-intestinal (OCI) yaqala. Yintoni i-OCI? Ngamafutshane, ezi zifo zibangelwa yiibhaktheriya, ii-virus kunye neprotozoa ezingafunyanwa naphi na. Ziziphi izifo eziyingozi kakhulu kumntwana?
DIZENTERIA
Le ntsholongwane yamathumbu emathunjini kubantwana kuthiwa isifo sezandla ezingcolileyo, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukusuleleka kwiimveliso apho i-E. coli iwile khona. Izimpukane zisoloko ziba ngabaphathi besifo. Njengomthetho, isifo siqala ngokugqithiseleyo. Iqondo lokushisa liphakama ukuya ku-38-40 0 , ukuguquka kwesithambiso: okokuqala kudla rhoqo, kuninzi, kumanzi, ngoko nge-mucus kunye negazi. Isibonakaliso sesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo se-tenesmus: umntwana ufuna "ukuya kumgama omkhulu", kodwa akukho nto eyenzekayo kuye. Ngohlobo oluthatywayo nolunzima lwesifo, umntwana akanako ukunyuka ephuma ebhodweni iiyure, kukho iintlungu ezinqabileyo, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuxhatshazwa. Ubunzima besifo segazi sisenzeka kwiintsana, ngokuqhelekileyo ukufumana udidi olufana nomtshangatshangiso: emva kokuphuculwa okuphawulekayo, ukubuyela kwakhona kubakho ngezifo ezinzima zesifo, isifo sesibini, umzekelo, isifo se-pneumonia, i-otitis, njl njl. Kunconywa ukunyanga umntwana ngesifo sesifo singekho ekhaya, kodwa esibhedlele .
SALMONELLOSE
Le ngenye yezifo ezixhaphakileyo kakhulu zamathumbu emathunjini: i-salmonella inamandla kakhulu - ayichasene nokufudumala, ininzi igcinwa emanzini, umhlaba, uthuli lomhlaba, landa ngokukhawuleza ekutya (inyama, umhluzi, amaqanda). Umfanekiso wesifo uyahluke kakhulu - kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka, impilo yempilo yomntwana, njl. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo: umkhuhlane ophezulu, rhoqo, izityambo zamanzi, ulwimi lwesigulane luhlanganiswe ngengubo enqabileyo, isibindi nesantya zivame ukukhuliswa. Umncinci umntwana, unzima ukunyamezela esi sifo. Ukuba awuyi kuqali unyango ngexesha, iingxaki ezinzima ziyakhula, kwada kwimizuzu. Ngethamsanqa, iziyobisi ezitshatyalaliswayo zesityalo esitsha zivumela "ukugcina" i-salmonella ngesimo esifanelekileyo.
I staplelococcus carp
Kwaye kwiintsuku zasehlobo zaseburhulumenteni nasebusika banda ngokukhawuleza kwiimveliso, i-confectionery, iimveliso zobisi. Amabele angenwasuleleka nangona ubisi lomama. Usulelo lwe-Infection ludluliselwa kunye nangendlela yendlu - ekudibanisaneni nezigulane ezitheleleke nge-pharynx, iphepheni okanye ukukhupha (ukutshatyalaliswa kwesibhakabhaka ingalo yinto yokutshisa i-staphylococci - kwanele ukudlala imidlalo efanayo). Ukusuleleka kokutya okunobuthi kudla emva kweeyure ezingama-3-5 emva kokuba umntwana adle ukutya okungahlambulukanga. Iimpawu zokuqala zibuhlungu obukhulu kwisisu, ukuhlanza okungenakulungeleka, umkhuhlane ophezulu. Iimeko ngokukhawuleza ziba nzima, ukufikelela ekubanjweni kwexinzelelo kunye nokuphelelwa amandla. I-stool isitoli iqalisa ngokukhawuleza okanye emva kweeyure ezimbalwa. Kodwa emva komhla okanye amabini, isimo sempilo siyaba lunelisayo, kwaye ekupheleni kweveki isihlalo siqhelekileyo. Kodwa ebantwaneni abancinci, lesi sifo sihluke ngokupheleleyo, kubangela ukuba kuthiwa yi-staphylococcal enteritis okanye i-enterocolitis.
Yaye inqubo ingahamba yodwa, kuphela emathunjini, kwaye inokudibaniswa neenkqubo zokuvuvukala kwezinye izitho. Kwimeko yokuqala, umntwana unokunyamezela esi sifo ngokulula: ukufudumala kwenyuka kancane, ukunyuka kwebilini kungabonakali (3-4 amaxesha ngosuku), nangona isondlo siyancipha, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuhlanza okanye ukuhlaziya. Kodwa ingozi kukuba inkqubo enjalo evuzayo inokukhupha iiveki kunye neenyanga, ingakumbi ukuba ukuxilongwa akukabi kwaye akukho unyango olufanelekileyo olumiselwe ngexesha. Ngohlobo olunzulu lwe-staphylococcal enteritis, isifo sinzima kakhulu: iqondo lokushisa likwazi ukuphakama ngokukhawuleza libe ngama-40 °, kukho i-diarrhea enamandla, isitulo - usuku ukuya kwimihla, elwandle, i-fetid. Ngokufanayo, ezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane zivuthayo, umzekelo, i-otitis media, i-pneumonia, njalo njalo.Umntwana ke kufuneka kakhulu kunyango esibhedlele.
I-KOLI-INFECTION
Abantu abaninzi abazange bakuve oko. Enyanisweni, eli liqela lezifo ezithathelwanayo ezenza i-E. coli i-pathogenic ivelise i-toxins eyingozi. Iidyobisi kwaye ikhupha inkqubo yokuvuvukala. Uninzi lwamaxesha amaninzi, ukusuleleka kwenzeka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kobume obunobulunga obuncinci kunye namaqhinga ebisi. Abantwana abakhulileyo banokubamba intsholongwane ngokuhlamba emanzini avulekileyo (iyaqhubeka emanzini ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3-4). Ukuqala kwesi sifo kukhula kancane okanye ngokukhawuleza. Ubushushu abukwazi ukuphakama, kodwa kubantwana abathile ngokukhawuleza kuqhuma kwi-38 0 . Uphawu oluphawulekayo lokusuleleka kwe-colic rhoqo, ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo, intlungu, i-paroxysmal isisu esiswini. Isitulo siba rhoqo, siba ngumbane, amanzi, aphuzi-oluhlaza, enombala, kunye nezilwanyana ezingapheliyo zokutya ezifana neqanda eliqwengwe. Kwiintlobo ezinzima zesifo kukho iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa: umkhuhlane, ukungaphantsi kwexesha - ukuvuvukala komchamo kunye neeloriary tract nezinye izitho. Kwiifom ezithobileyo, isifo sinokuhlala kwiinyanga ezi-2.
INDLELA YOKUNCEDA NGAYO?
Ngaba ugqirha ubiza umntwana ogulayo? Kodwa ke kufuneka ulinde ade eze. Abazali bafanele baqonde ukuba kwintsholongwane emathunjini emathunjini kubantwana, unyango kufuneka luqale ngokukhawuleza. Isizathu esibalulekileyo sokuphuhliswa kwesimo esibi sisifo sokungcoliswa komzimba, okudibanisa nezihlalo ezihlawulayo kunye nokuhlanza. Ngoko ke, ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka, kuyimfuneko ukuzalisa le ntlupheko ngamanzi. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana unikezwa izisombululo zetyuwa ye-glucose (i-regidron), ebuyisela ukulungelelanisa ityuwa yamanzi kunye ne-normalize metabolism. Umthamo werhasi ngeyure unikezwa ngumntwana njalo emva kwemizuzu emi-5-10 nge-teaspoonful. Musa ukunyusa umthamo - umthamo omkhulu wamanzi ungabangela ukuhlasela okutsha kokuhlanza. Isisombululo kufuneka sifakwe kunye netiyi okanye amanzi abilisiwe. Ukulungiselela unyango lwe-intestinal infections kukhethwe kuphela ngugqirha. Ngomzimba omncinci wesifo, unako ukumisela ukwamkelwa kwamabhaktriophages athile, ama-probiotics okanye ama-enterosorbents, kodwa ukuba akukho phuculo olubonakalayo lwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbini, unyango lwe-antibiotics luyimfuneko. Ukwahlula ukuba akunakwenzeka "ukunika" i-antibiotics! Ukusetyenziswa okungalawulwayo kweziyobisi kunokunyusa imeko yesigulane, kubangele ukuphuhliswa kwe-dysbiosis, kunye nokunyanga umntwana kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi. Ngokufanayo neziyobisi ezikhethwe ngugqirha ekwenzeni unyango lwe-OCD, unokunikezela okongeziweyo, umzekelo, iprogram ye-vitamin yonyango ukuqinisa ukukhuselwa komzimba okanye u-fermentotherapy ukulungisa imisebenzi yokugaya kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwiphepha lesisu. Emva kokuphela kwonyango, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba isifundo se-bacteriology ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Umntwana kufuneka alandele ukutya kokugqirha okumiselwe inyanga.
Ukutya kuyaphiliswa
Ukutya kukubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni unyango olusisigxina kubantwana. Xa unyamezela umntwana osweleyo, unina kufuneka atye rhoqo, kodwa kwiincinci ezincinci. Ngomhla wokuqala unyango, umthamo owodwa wobisi uncitshisiwe malunga nesiqingatha, kwaye inani lokunyusa linyuka lifikelela kumaxesha angama-8 ngosuku. Emva kwosuku lwesibini, umthamo unganyuswa ngama-20 ukuya ku-30 ml kwaye wandisa kancane ixesha phakathi kokutya. Ukusuka kwimenyu yeintsana ezisemzimbeni wokutya, ungabandakanyi ukuxuba ubisi kunye nobisi, kunye nokutya okutsha kuqaliswa emva kweentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwe-14 emva kokubuya. Abantwana abakhulileyo ngexesha lokugula akufanele banikwe ukutya okuphucula umzimba wamathumbu (isinkwa esimnyama, ama-biscuits, i-buns soft), i-yoghurts, i-porridges yobisi, izityalo, izithelo ze-citrus, amapheya. Izithintelo ekudleni zivame ukugqithiselwa kwisigxina esifanelekileyo sokugcina, ngoko kutya kunokunyuka kancane. Kodwa ngokucophelela - umzimba usenobuthakathaka, akufanelekile ukuyilayisha. Kungcono kule meko, ukuthotywa okuncinane kunokugqithisa.