Phantse i-15% yabasetyhini kunye ne-6% yamadoda aphethwe yi-migraine, imeko apho ukunyuka kwesinye kunye nokwandisa ngokweqile kwamanye amathambo e-cerebral kukhokelela kwintloko yesifo esiswini esisisigxina. I-Migraine enye yezona zibangela ezibalulekileyo zokukhubazeka kwexeshana. Kukho izimbangela ezininzi kunye neentlobo zeentloko. Intloko inokudibaniswa, umzekelo, ngokusuleleka kwintsholongwane. Ziziphi iimbangela zeentloko zeentloko?
Diagnostics
Ngenjongo yokufumanisa ugqirha, ugqirha uchaza ngokucacileyo uhlobo lwesifo sekhanda, ngokukodwa ixesha lokuqala, indawo echanekileyo, ubungqongqo, ubude kunye nentlalo jikelele yesigulane.
Ukwahlula
Iintlobo ezibalulekileyo zeentloko:
- Intloko yesifo. Olu luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-headache elula ukuya kumodareyitha. Umntu uvakalelwa umvakalelo wongqungquthela entloko. Intlungu enjalo inokuhlala iintsuku eziliqela kwaye iqiniseke ngemini.
- I-Cluster (indundwana) intloko. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonwa ngabantu. Lo buhlungu obunqamle bomzimba we-paroxysmal nature. Iphela imizuzu engama-20-60 kwaye ingaba yonyaka. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuhambisane nokuhlambalaza nokubuyiselwa kwamehlo, kunye nokudibanisa kwamanzi. Umntu unokuvuka kuye ngamaxesha amaninzi ebusuku.
- Isifo sentsuku zonke esingapheliyo (ezihlala ngaphezu kweveki ezimbini ngenyanga). Inokudityaniswa nokudla ngokugqithisileyo kwezidakamizwa ze-caffeine.
- Migraine. Iqala njengesihlaselo, iiyure ezingama-4-72. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-migraine kudla ngokuphambi kwe-aura (ubunzima beempawu ze-neurologic). Intlungu enokulinganayo okanye enzima engafanelekanga ihamba kunye neentlanzi. Ukugqithisa kweempawu ezibonakalayo ekukhanyeni okukhulu, ingxolo kunye nezenzo ezilula.
Izizwe ezinzulu
Ngenxa yokuhlala kwintsholongwane, abantu baqala ukucinga ukuba kukho naziphi na izifo ezinzulu, ezifana nesifo se-tumor okanye isisu. Imiqondiso enokwenzeka yezi meko ingaba:
- ukuhlanza okungekho ukukhupha intloko;
- iimpawu zeengqondo (kubandakanya ukuxubusha).
Ezinye iinkalo ezifanele ziqwalaselwe ziquka:
- iintloko eziqhubekayo kumntwana;
- intlungu xa uthintana nommandla wexeshana, onokuba ngumqondiso we-arteritis yesikhashana (ukuvuvukala kwe-artery). Esi sifo siphathwa nge-corticosteroids. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu bajamelana nekhanda ngokwabo. Bayazi ukuba yintoni imbangela yayo kunye noko kufuneka kwenziwe ukwenzela ukuthintela, kwaye kwaye unamayeza abancedayo, kwaye akaqhagamshelana nodokotela. Izidakamizwa ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-acetylsalicylic acid, i-acetaminophen kunye ne-ibuprofen. Iziyobisi ezidibeneyo eziqulethe ikhodiyine zibiza kakhulu kwaye, xa zisetyenziselwa ukuphathwa kakubi, zingabangela intloko yesifo esingapheliyo. Ukuthintela iintloko kubandakanya ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila:
- ukuthobela ukutya;
- urhulumente wokutya;
- ukulala ngokwaneleyo nokuvuka;
- ukunciphisa uxinzelelo.
Anesthetics
Intloko ingaphenduli kwi-analgesics, njenge-acetaminophen, ngokukodwa ekutshintsheni kwintlungu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha uthi: domperidone - ukunciphisa isicaphulelo; i-amitritiline yintsholongwane, esetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kweentloko zokuxhatshazwa; i-valproate ye-sodium - i-agent e-antiepileptic, eyasetyenziselwa intlungu yoxinzelelo. Izidakamizwa ze-Antimigraine ziquka: i-ergotamine, i-5HT ye-agonist receptor, isinconywa ukuba isetyenziswe kwizigulane ezinesifo senhliziyo nesicindezelo. Ukufumana unyango lweentloko, misela: i-receptor agonists ngesimo se-spray okanye i-injections; I-corticoids yomlomo - ukudla imihla ngemihla ezimbini kuya kunceda nge-headacheache.
Ezinye iintlobo zonyango
Izonyango zemveli, ezifana ne-osteopathy, acupuncture, aromatherapy, i-massage kunye ne-homeopathy, zithandwa kakhulu ngabantu abaphethwe yintsholongwane. Ukuba ukuhlaselwa kwe-migraine kuhambelana nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini (i-14% yabasetyhini baxhamla kwi-migraine ngexesha lokuya esikhathini), unyango lwe-hormone yonyango (HRT) lunokucetyiswa. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lwe-hormone, nokuba lukhulelwe ngomlomo okanye i-HRT, kufuneka lusetyenziswe ngabo bahlushwa yi-migraine, ngokuqaphelisisa, kuba banamathuba okubetha, ikakhulukazi ukuba kukho esi sifo kwintsapho. Nika zonke izibikezelo zokubandezeleka kwintsholongwane engapheliyo kunzima. Inqaku elihle kukuba iimpawu eziphantse zilawula ukuhlambalaza, kodwa iintloko zingabonakala kwakhona. I-Migraine iyakuthuthuza umntu oneminyaka engama-20 elele okanye ngaphezulu. Abafazi basemngciphekweni ophezulu wamakhanda ngamathuba athile ebomini, ngokukodwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuya esikhathini. Ngokuhlaselwa rhoqo kwe-migraine, ukungapheli kakuhle kwonyango kunye nempembelelo yentlungu yokuphila, kunokwenzeka ukuba kunikwe izidakamizwa ngokuqhubekayo ukwenzela ukunciphisa amaxesha okuhlaselwa. Ngenxa yale njongo, ipropranolol, i-atenolol kunye ne-pisotifen isetyenzisiweyo. Phantse isiqingatha sezigulane ezithatha ezi zonyango zifumana ukuphuculwa okukhulu. Ukunciphisa ubude beentloko zeentloko kunceda i-calcium channel blocker verapamil.