Iziqholo zokuhlobisa ziye zaziwa kusukela kwiintsuku zaseYiputa zakudala. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwakubonwa njengobungcali bokwenene. Ukufunwa kweYiputa YaseYiputa kwakukho kunye nokufumanisa ukunyuka kweenwele, ukusetyenzela ukudweba amathambo. Kuyaziwa ukuba kwi-Middle Ages rouge, eyenziwe nge-lead sulfide kunye ne-lead oxide (i-white white) yayisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ezi zinto zinetyhefu emzimbeni womntu, ngoko zenza ukuba inwele ilahleke, inetyhefu. Nge XIX leminyaka. i-oxide ye-oxide yatshintshwa yi-zinc oxide, kwaye i-lipsticks yaqala ukwenza nge-wax eveziwe yemvelaphi yemvelo, okubizwa ngokuba yi-cochineal.
Namhlanje, ukhuseleko lwezonyiso zomzimba zomzimba luqinisekiswa ngokulawulwa komgangatho ngamaqela karhulumente - iNkonzo kaRhulumente ye-Sanitary Epidemiological yaseRussia-kunye nokukhutshwa kwesatifiketi sococeko.
Iziqholo zokuhlobisa ezisekelwe kwioli
Ngokwesiko, i-lipsticks ziyafumaneka ngendlela yeendonga ezincinci ezikwindawo yokukhangela iplastiki. Ngokweenjongo zabo, i-lipsticks ihlulwe ngo-hygienic (ngokuqhelekileyo ayibalabala, inemibala emininzi), ikhusela (ngaphandle kokukhanya kwimibala ye-UV), i-tonal (imibala yemilindo ngemibala eyahlukileyo).
Ngokuhambelana nokuhambelana, ezi zilandelayo zintlobo zomlomo ziyahlukaniswa: ukuqina (ipensela, intonga) kunye ne-creamy (ngokuvamile ikhona kwiimbiza okanye iibhubhu ezinebhashi). Kananjalo ukwahlule i-lipsticks enesibindi kunye nesigxina e-fatness smear.
I-lipsalck ye-Tonal inomlinganiselo omkhulu, njengoko ikhona kwiindidi ezininzi.
Ngokona mgangatho wokuzinza kombala, kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-lipstick ye-tonal: elula, yendabuko (ihlala emlonyeni amahora 3-4); ezinzileyo (ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-5 ukuya ku-6-6), ezinqabileyo okanye ezinqabileyo (ukusuka kwiiyure eziyi-6 ukuya phezulu okanye ngaphezulu). Okokugqibela akushiyi lutho.
Iimboleko zokubhenkceza kunye neenkcukacha ezicwangcisayo
I-powder iqulethe inani lezinto: i-talc amorphous, i-magnesium stearate, i-zinc stearate, i-oxide ye-zinc, isitashi, ummbila okanye umgubo welayisi ezixutywe kwiindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kunye ne-pigment pigment. I powder ephezulu ifanele ihlambuluke ukhanyise ulusu, ilandele imfihlelo yayo, ilale phantsi kwesikhumba, ibe nekhono lokugubungela, ukufihla iziphoso ebusweni lobuso.
Ukwahlula umxube, ukhululekile, umgubo ococekileyo kunye nompu we-cream. Ubuncwane kufuneka kukhethwe luhlobo lolusu - olomileyo, oluqhelekileyo okanye oyile. Ngokwinqanaba lokugafa, i-powder ephathekayo inokuvela kwiqela elithi "eyongezelelweyo", oku kuthetha ukugawula kakhulu, okanye kwiqela lokuqala.
Uhlobo oluphambili phakathi kwe-powder compact kunye ne-powder ephosakeleyo yinto yokuba inokusetyenziswa kwisikhumba ngokucotha, ngaphandle kokuqhaqha. Ngobuninzi obukhethiweyo bendawo yamacenge, ayinzima, kodwa inzima. Umphezulu wempuphu ephezulu ephezulu ayikho "i-salted". Umgaqo ofanayo usebenza kumthunzi weenkophezelo, kunye neentlanzi, nabanye.
Mascara
I-mascara ye-liquid iyamiswa ngokukhawuleza kwi-emulsion medium coloring pigments. Iqukethe izixhobo ngenxa yokuba ifilimu encomekayo ye-hydrophobic ihlala kwi-eyelashes. I-emulsion iqulethwe ngamacandelo e-fat, i-lanolin, i-axx, i-emulsifiers, i-stabilizers. Ukongezelela, ukubunjwa kwe-emulsion kubandakanya izixhobo ezinxamnye nokuvuvukala njengepolisi, i-azulene, i-oyile, i-proitam, njl njl.
Ukwahlula phakathi kweemascara eziqhelekileyo kunye namanzi. Ukugqibela kwento yayo iqukethe i-hydrophobizator kunye neengcongolo, ezizityumzelayo kuphela kwiinkonzo zokutyunjwa kweoli, ungasebenzisa isepha. I-Mascara, eyenzelwe ukwandisa i-eyelashes okanye ukwandisa umthamo wayo, iqulethe 3-4% wee-fibron ezinqabileyo ze-nylon.
Iingubo zoKhenketho zeepiki
Iziqholo zokuhlobisa izipikili zimelelwe yi-varnishes kunye ne-enamel ye-manicure. I-Varnish emva kokumisa ishiya ifilimu ebonakalayo kwiikhonkwane. I-Enamel (okanye u-lac-unamathisela) kwiisilumko zishiya ifilimu ye-opaque emva kokuma.
I-enamel yezikhonkwane ziquka i-pigment tonalispersed pigments, i-oxides zensimbi, izithako ze-guanine zamaparelethi, iincinci ze-mica, iincinci ezincinci (0.1 mm ubukhulu) "besilivere" okanye "igolide", njl njl.