I-Hathiora yintsapho yentsapho ye-cacti. I-Genus ibala iintlobo ezi-7 zezityalo eziqhelekileyo kwimzantsi-mpuma yeBrazil. UJoseph Rose noNatanel Britton bachaze le ngxaki ngo-1923. Kwaye igama lakhe, uboleka uTomas Charyote - isityalo se-botanist yesiNgesi, owayehlala kwikhulu le-16. Igama le-genus yi-anagram yegama likaTomas Chariote.
Izityalo ze-genus hathior ziyi-lithophytic kunye ne-epiphytic cacti ezinezigaba ezihlukeneyo. Olu hlobo lwe-cacti lufana ne-genus Ripsalis, nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungafani.
Ukunyamekelwa kwesityalo.
Ukukhanyisa. Izityalo zindlu zingakhula kwi-penumbra, kodwa kuyinqweneleka ukuba zikhule ekukhanyeni okugqithisileyo, njengoko ukungabi nolukhanyiso kuya kuthintela uphuhliso kunye neziqu - izityalo ziya kukhula kakuhle kwaye imida yeempawu iya kutshintsha. Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuyadingeka ukuze kuqhutywe imilambo esebenzayo. Zonke iindidi ze-hatiory zikhula kakuhle kwiifestile ezibhekiselele entshona okanye kumacala asempumalanga. Kwintshona yewindow ye-châtior ayiyi kuba neentyantyambo. Kwifestile ejongene nezantsi, kufuneka wenze indawo yokucasha, ngokukhethekileyo kwixesha leeyure.
Ulawulo lokushisa. Ehlobo, ezi zityalo zangaphakathi zingaqhutyelwa emoyeni omtsha, endaweni ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga. Ehlobo, kukhethwa ukugcina isityalo kwiqondo lokushisa lama-18-22 degrees. Ukususela ekwindla, isityalo kufuneka sigcinwe kwi-14-16 degrees, kodwa kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba akukho ngaphantsi kwee-degrees ezili-12.
Ukunisela. Kwixesha leentyantyambo, kunye nehlobo, ukuthambisa kufuneka kube luninzi. Ukunkcenkceshela, amanzi athambileyo athatyathwa, mhlawumbi aphelile, atyelwa, njengoluhlu oluphezulu lomhlaba. Ngethuba lokuqala kwekwindla kwaKwindla, ukuthambisa kufuneka kube ngokulinganayo. Ukuba isityalo sigcinwe egumbini elipholileyo, ukuthambisa kufuneka kwenziwe ngokucokisekileyo. Emva kokuba isityalo siphelile, kufika ixesha lokuphumla, ngexesha lokuthambisa elincinci. Isityalo asibekezelelisi amanzi aphantsi kwe-substrate okanye ukumiswa kwayo, kwiqondo eliphantsi lokubambisa, oku kubangelwa yinto enobungozi.
Ukuthotywa komoya. Ehlobo, ukuze kuphuhliswe ngempumelelo izityalo ze-hathor, kucetyiswa ukuba kwandiswe umswakama womoya. Ngenxa yoko, ungasebenzisa ipallet eneepatyisi eziluhlaza okanye amacwecwe. Beka ibhokhwe kwi-pallet, kodwa kuphela ukuze ingathinti amanzi. Ukunyuka kwemoya kubangela ukuba iiflethi ziqala ukuqubuka.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ukutya ngexesha lokukhula kwaye ngexesha leentyantyambo kufuneka liqhutywe kwinyanga nganye 2. Ukuchumisa, isichumisi se-mineral ngaphandle kwe-calcium. Izichumisi zamaminerali kufuneka zihlanjululwe i-half-way, isichumiso kufuneka kwakhona sibe nomxholo ophakathi kwento efana ne-nitrogen. I-Cac musa ukunyamezela i-nitrojeni engaphezulu, kwaye oku kuyaqondakala, kuba ukusuka ekugqithiseni kwayo inkqubo yenkomo iqala ukubola. I-nitrogen kwisichumiso kufuneka ibe malunga ne-9, i-potassium-24, i-phosphorus-18. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kukuyeka xa isityalo siqala ixesha lokuphumla.
Ukutshintshwa kwezityalo. Olu hlobo lwe-cactus luyakhutshwa kuphela emva kokuqhakaza, iimpawu ezinkulu zitshintshwe njalo kwiminyaka emihlanu, abantu abadala ngeminyaka emi-2 njengoko kuyimfuneko, iimifanekiso ezincinane minyaka yonke.
Ukuze i-hathor iphuhlise kakuhle kufuneka ityalwe kwintsimbi engaphethekiyo-moya kunye ne-pH = 5-6-ukusabela okubuthathaka. I-substrate efanelekileyo: iindawo ezi-6 zomhlaba oqhekezayo, iingxenye ezine ze-humus, i-2 parts sand, kunye ne-peat land, 1 inxalenye yomhlaba. I-Hathiora ikhula kakuhle kwi-peat organic soil. Ukuba umhlaba awunonondlo, ngoko iimfuno ziya kuba buthathaka okanye nokuba ayiyi kubakho.
Ukuzaliswa kwezityalo .
I-Hathiora yizityalo ezizalisa ngokuqhafaza kunye nokusika. Kwimeko yokugqibela, inkqubo iya kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokugquma. Ukwenza oku, isitshixo sinqunywe kwisityalo, apho kufuneka kubekho ubuncinci bamaqela amabini. Emva kokusika isinquntsho kufuneka ifafazwe ngamataka kwaye umiswe. Isiqhamo sisekelwe kumxube omanzi onomyinge ofanayo kunye nesanti.
Ukuzaliswa kwisitofu sokugonya kulandelayo: i-hatior ityalwe kwisiqhelo se-spiny resection. Unokugonya kulo lonke ihlobo. Ukwenza oku, kwi-perksia kuyimfuneko ukususa inxalenye yamagatsha aphezulu kunye namaqabunga, ngelixa isalathisi esikhohliweyo esasecaleni sifanele sihlulwe. Kwi-scion, kuyimfuneko ukunqumla ukudubula phambi kobubanzi bee-2-3, ubukhali kunye ne-wedge kwaye uyifake kwi-cut cutstock in a cleft. Ulwahlulo lugqityiwe ngomqolo omde, inaliti, umlanjana, kwaye uhlanganiswe ngepaliti okanye umtya oqhelekileyo. Akukho imfuneko ukugubungela isitya kunye neengcambu ze-rootstock, ukushisa kwe-degrees ka-18 ukuya ku-20 kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe, emva koko emva kweveki ezimbini u-graft uza kuqala ukukhula. Emva koko, i-bandage isusiwe, amaqabunga kunye namahlumela afana phantsi kwe-graft ayasuswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izityalo eziqingqiweyo ziyaqhakaza kakhulu.
Ubunzima obunokwenzeka.
Isityalo sinokusuleleka ngeentsholongwane ze-bacterial and fungal infections. Esi sifo sihamba kunye nokubola kwecandelo elincinane lesityalo, indawo edibeneyo kunye namathambeka kule ndawo, ngoko iindawo ezisele ziqala ukubola. Kule meko, iziyobisi ezichasayo ziza kusebenza. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, inxalenye yesifo esitsholweyo kufuneka isuswe. Kwezinye iimeko, nangona isiseko esiphelelwe sisitshixo, kunokwenzeka ukuba sikhule isityalo esitsha, kuba oku kunelisekile, ngaphezu kwesiqwenga sokuphuka isitshixo kwaye siyixube kumxube omanzi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo isityalo sichaphazeleka yizifo ezinjalo ezifayo njenge-phytophthora kunye ne-fusariosis.
Usulelo lwe-fusariosis luhlala luqhutyelwa ngamanxeba awenziwe emantwini weempawu ngenxa yezilwanyana ezilumayo. Kule meko, iifungicides zisetyenzisiweyo, ezibandakanya izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ze-benomyl kunye ne-chlorothalonil. Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, funda imiyalelo ngokucokisekileyo kwaye uyilandele ngokucokisekileyo.
Usulelo lwe-phytophthora, njengomthetho, luvela kumhlaba ongcolileyo. Esi sifo sichaphazela kakhulu intamo yentamo. Isityalo esinyanyisiweyo sibonakaliso esibonakalayo sesi sifo. Ngelo xesha, umhlaba uhlala unomanzi. I-cactus ingaba yimpunga okanye imbala embala. Kule meko, iifungicides zisetyenziselwa ukulwa nezifo zenyama.
UHotoru wamangaliswa: i-whitefly, i-scutellum, isicabucu, i-mealybug.