Ukubonelela ubomi obukhululekile kumntu, ukungabikho komsebenzi wokwenyama, inkqubela phambili yezobugcisa yayidlala naye. Emva kwenkqubela kwixesha le-Neanderthal, xa umntu oyiminyaka yokuqala efuna ukufumana ukutya ngokuzizingela aze azivikele ezingozini eziyingozi kwinqanaba ngalinye, umlenze womsebenzi wemoto uhamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye kumanqaku "Ikhulu le-XXI" liyeka nje ngaphezu kweso. Ngenxa yokungabikho komsebenzi, umgudu, umlenze, amathambo, ukuba ungathethi ngezifo ezifihlakeleyo, eziqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwixesha elingenakucala, ziqala kuqala.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ezininzi zezifo eziyaziwayo namhlanje zidibene ekuhlaleni kwempucuko. Enye yeengxaki zamandulo zoluntu sisifo sezihlanganisi. Kwixesha le-Neolithic i-arthrosis yamalungu kunye nomgudu wafikelela kuma-20% ewonke inani lezifo (mhlawumbi ngenxa yobuninzi babantu bokuqala emaphandleni amnyama kunye namanzi amaninzi, intlupheko kunye nesimo sokutya, isimo sezulu esingathandekiyo). Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba abantu basendulo babenelihlunu lamathambo namalungu kunye nesifo sofuba. Eyona nto yayisasazeka kwiYiputa kwiBronze Age. Ubugcisa bokuphulukana neziqhekeza ngaphambi kokuba ixesha lethu liboniswe yi-mummies: kwathiwa ngama-2500 ngaphambi ko-AD. i-fractures yayiphathwa, egcina imigaqo yokungafihli kweengcezu zamathambo. Ku-"Iliad" ongafiyo kaHomere kuthiwa ngobugcisa boogqirha "ukusika iintolo" ngaphandle kwamanxeba, "ukukhupha igazi" kunye nokulimaza "kunye namafafaza oogqirha." Kukhankanywe nakhona malunga neyeza elinika umphumo we-anesthetic wendawo.
Ngaphakathi kwekhulu le-18, kwakukho iinkcukacha ezaneleyo zokuzalwa komntwana kunye nokufumana ukukhubazeka kwenkqubo ye-musculoskelet yabantwana nabantu abadala. Ezi nkcukacha ezingafaniyo zifuneka ukuba ziququzelelwe. Iminyaka engama-50 phambi kwe-French Revolution kunye nekhulu ngaphambi kokufunyanwa kwe-anesthesia eParis, phantsi kobhaliweyo bukaNiclas Andri, uprofesa weyeza kwiRoyal College yaseParis, u-Nicholas Andrie wanyathelisa incwadi kunye nesimo saloo xeshanye esithi "Iobuchwephesha, okanye ubugcisa bokuthintela nokulungisa ukukhubazeka komzimba kubantwana ngendlela efumanekayo koobawo kunye noomama nabo bonke abo bantu kufuneka bakhulise abantwana. "
Kwisiqalo, uAndri ubhala ukuba ufumene igama elithi "ama-orthopedics" kumagama amabini aseGrike:
i-orthos- "iqonde" kunye nomntwana - "umntwana" kwaye ukuba le ncwadi iya kuba neenkcukacha "zemfundo efanelekileyo yempilo yabantwana."
Ekuqaleni ibhekiswe ekulungiseni ukukhubazeka kubantwana, igama elithi "i-orthopedics" lagqithiselwa ngokukhawuleza ekusebenzeni kwabantu abadala. Namathambo emhlanjesi kukuhlukana kwamachiza aqhuba isifo sokuzalwa kunye nokufumana ukukhubazeka kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yesistim ye-musculoskelet kwaye ihlakulela iindlela zokonyango kunye nokukhusela.
E-Russia, ama-orthopedics ahamba ngokubambisana ne-traumatology (zibhekwa njengento eyodwa), kodwa kwamanye amazwe aseNtshona anqatshelwe njengezikhundla ezimbini ezihlukeneyo: i-traumatology iqondwa njengoncedo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha, kunye ne-orthopedics yilungiso lweempazamo zendalo kunye ... ne-traumatology, iingcali.
Ngokuchasene nezifo ezibi kakhulu, zithi, ezinjengezinto ezingasebenzi kwi-cardiovascular or nervous system, ama-orthopedics ahlala ecingwa ngokuba "udade-zamarashkoy." Isimo sengqondo salo kweli candelo lonyango kunokuba lukhuni. Kwaye! Le ndawo inkohliso, kuba ezininzi izifo zamathambo zivela ebuntwaneni: i-torticollis, iinyawo eziplani, i-scoliosis. I-orthopedist iyakwazi ukubona ukuphulwa kwimihla yokuqala yobomi bomntwana, kwaye ezinye izifo, ezifana nokutshatyalaliswa kokuzalwa komzali, kunye ne-asymmetry yamagxa, amahlombe, i-stoop, ukuguqulwa kwamalungu kunye nokunyanga okufanelekileyo kuyaphiliswa ngokupheleleyo ebusaneni. Ngako oko, yamkelwa kwihlabathi lonke ukuba, ngaphezu kwesazi sezingane, usana olutsha luhlolwe ngugqirha wamazinyo esibhedlele. Kwaye kulungelelaniswe ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba umntwana a tyelele umlomo wamazinyo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu.
I-Orthopedic pathology ixhaphake kakhulu: wonke umntu omdala ubuncinane kanye ebudeni bakhe obhekene ne-osteochondrosis. Kubantu abayizigidi kwiwaka, kukho isidingo sokutshintshela idibeneyo. Ngoko, eMoscow enezigidi ezili-10 ngamnye ngonyaka, kubalulekile ukwenza utyando olunzulu lwamawaka amathathu, ngaphambi kokuba izigulane azihambi, kwaye emva koko zihamba ngokukhululekile kwaye zidibanise.
Nangona kunjalo, impilo yabantu iyinto engabalulekanga kwaye ukuze uyilondoloze, kufuneka ucinge ngawe kunye nabathandekayo bakho, obaluxabisayo. Zibuze umbuzo okwangoku - ngaba ufuna ukuhlala ngokuvuya emva koko? Emva koko ulahle imichimo emibi, ujoyine inqanaba labantu abaholela impilo ephilileyo.