Isifo sesifo sofuba sisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa i-bacillus ye-tubercle (igama elingapheliyo lisebenzisa), elikhokelela ekubunjweni kwesibalo esithile kwizitho kunye nakumcukto womntu. Ngokwezibalo, eRashiya ukusa kwesi sifo kungama-50 ngabantu abangamawaka abayi-100. Ngelishwa, ngaphezu kweminyaka emibili edluleyo, iziganeko phakathi kwabantwana zikhulile ngama-26%. Ngesihlandlo sokuqala esi sifo sasiqhutywe kakuhle nguRobert Koch ngo-1884m. Namhlanje, i-phthisiatricians (i-phthisiatricians, oogqirha baphatha izigulane ngesifo sofuba) ukwahlula iintlobo ezi-3 zesi sifo:
- Isifo soxhatshazo, ikakhulukazi kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo, isigaba sokuqala sesi sifo, esinokudlula ngaphandle kwonyango ukuba umntwana unamandla okukhusela;
- Isifo sofuba seenkqubo zokuphefumula - ngokuqhelekileyo, esi sihlunu semiphunga;
- Isifo sofuba sezinye izitho kunye neenkqubo zihlobo olubi kakhulu lwesifo (isifo sofuba samathambo kunye namalungu, isifo sofuba esiswini, isifo sofuba,
Njengazo zonke izifo ezithathelwanayo, isifo sofuba asibonakali naphandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo abathuthayo abantu abanesifo sofuba (abanesifo seemveliso kunye nezinto zekhaya), kwakunye nezilwanyana - kakhulu ezincinci, iinkomo. Ukongezelela, le ntsholongwane ingadluliselwa ngamaconsi aphuma emoyeni, ngothuli oluqulethe iincinci zentsholongwane (inqaku: le bteriki inokuhlala kwindawo enye ukuya kunyaka kwaye ingabonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza; ukutshatyalaliswa kwimeko yangaphandle kuqhutyelwa lilanga, ukupheka kunye nokuxiliswa kwemitha ekhethekileyo. ), ngokutya okufunyenwe kwiibhaktheriya ezinegciwane lezilwanyana, kunye nokungcakaza ngengozi kwesikhumba.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isifo sofuba, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo, sibonakalisa kubantwana abadala nakwizingane zesikolo. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwaye, ngelanga, ukukhuselwa kwe-100% kule ntsholongwane yi-Mantoux test (inqaku: le nto inoculation yenziwe kubantwana xa befunda kumabakala 4, 7, 10, kunye ne-inoculations evela kwisifo sofuba senziwa kwisibhedlele sokubeletha ngomhla wesi-3, wesi-5 no-7 ngosuku emva kokuzalwa, kukho iindlela zokuzenza emva koko) - oko kuthiwa ukugonywa, okwenziwa kubantwana kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo. Oku kugonywa kwe-bacillus ye-tubercle kwiqondo elincinci, elinceda ukufumanisa ukuba khona kwesifo sofuba emzimbeni womntwana, okanye ngokuchasene nokuqiniswa kwayo. Indlela yokujonga ukuba umntwana wakho unemiphumo emihle okanye cha? Ukulandelwa kule mvavanyo ngokuqhelekileyo iimithamitha ezimbalwa, ukuba kusekho ukusuleleka emzimbeni, kuya kubonakala ngokukhawuleza: okokuqala, ngendlela yokutshitshisa indawo yomjovo, ubomvu, ukushisa okusemandleni, kunye nokwandisa indawo yokuxhoma kwi-12 mm. Kule meko, kufuneka uthinte msinya wakho ugqirha we-TB.
Singazibona njani iimpawu zesifo sofuba, ngokubanzi kunokwenzeka kwiyiphi iindidi? Oku kuya kuxutyushwa kamva.
Siphila kwixesha elihamba phambili kakhulu, xa abantwana ezikolweni bafumana umthwalo omkhulu, ngelixa beya kwiiklasi ezongezelelweyo nokwenza izinto ezithandwayo. Kule nto
kubangelwa ukuphelelwa yindlala, ukukhathala kunye nokunyamekela, abazali abanokungaqapheli iimpawu ezibonakalayo zokuphuhlisa izifo ezithathelwanayo. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo zesifo sofuba ziquka: ukukhathala, ukushisa, intloko, ukukhathala, ukukhula okunyanzelekileyo, i-tachycardia, ukuvutha komzimba, isisu, ubuhlungu besisu kunye neentlungu xa ucinezela isisu, ngezinye izihlandlo ukwandisa isibindi kunye nesantya. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isigaba sokuqala sesifo sesifo sofuba sifana nesifo sengculaza, xa umntwana enomkhuhlane oqhubekayo kunye nomkhuhlane omkhulu - ukuba iziyobisi ezichasayo zingabancedi, oku kungaba ngumqondiso wokuqala wokusuleleka. Xa kukho ukusola kwesi sifo, okokuqala, kuyimfuneko yokwenza i-x-ray, ngokuqhelekileyo umntu unokubona umnyama kwiingcambu zemiphunga okanye ezinye izitho kuxhomekeka, ukusuka kwisihlunu, kodwa oku akusoloko kuluphawu olukhanyayo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zisengaphezulu kweqondo lokushisa, elihlala ixesha elide kunomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye ngokubandayo, ukuvuvukala kweempawu zamagqabantshintshi amaqela amaninzi, ukuba iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zinikezelwa, ngoko-egazini - ukwanda kwe-ESR (inqaku: isantya se-sedimentation ye-erythrocyte), emiphakeni - engapheliyo, kumchamo - inani elikhulu leprotheni.
Kubalulekile ukuhlala ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sofuba kunye nemiqondiso yayo, kwaye uqwalasele ingqalelo ukuze unyango lwalo sulelo lungaguli.
- Ukuba umntwana unyuke: ukunyuka kancinci kokushisa, kunye nokuvuvukala kwamakhreyithi, ngokugqithiseleyo emzimbeni wakhe wangena kwi-bacillus ye-tubercle, enika iibheksi ezikhethekileyo ezichaphazela impilo kwanoma yimuphi umntu. Olu hlobo lentsholongwane lubizwa ngokuba yi- tubercular utywala , oluqhelekileyo phakathi kwabantwana . Ukuba unayo ixesha lokulandelela le fomu kwinqanaba lokuqala, lingaba lula ukunyanga, kodwa kuphela xa udibanisa: unyango olululwe ngugqirha, ukuqeqeshwa nokuhamba emoyeni ococekileyo, kunye nomsebenzi oqhelekileyo wemihla ngemihla - umntwana wakho uya kuphinda afike ngokukhawuleza.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana bafumana isifo sesifo sofuba seengqungquthela ze-bronchial . Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu zolu hlobo lwesifo zifana nomkhuhlane, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili (ukushisa, ukukhwehlela). Kodwa olu hlobo lwesifo sofuba alubonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngendlela yobushushu obuphezulu. Umntwana uqala ukunciphisa ubukhulu, ukhawuleza ukhathele kwaye uphaphake kakhulu, ukukhwehlela kuqhubeka ngexesha.
- Isifo sofuba semiphunga siqhelekile kubantu abadala, kodwa abantwana bagula, kodwa banqabile. Xa abantwana abancinci bebetha, uphawu olucacileyo kunye nekhulu lokhuliso lweli lizinga eliphezulu lokushisa. I-TB ye-Pulmonary iyanzima ukunyanga kubantwana kunesifo sofuba seentlanzi ezinqabileyo. Kodwa ukuba uqala ngexesha lonyango kwaye ulwe nesifo ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqhubeka, unako ukulwa nesifo.
- Isifo sofuba samathambo okanye amajoyina singakhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-hump okanye ukunyanzelisa ukuba unyango aluqalanga ngexesha. Ngokudla kaninzi kwesi sifo, abantwana bayakhalaza intlungu emalunga, izihlunu - kufuneka udibanise nodokotela ngokukhawuleza, mhlawumbi emva kwexesha baqale ukuhlambalaza.
- Enye yezona zifo ezinzima kakhulu zesifo sofuba sisifo sesifo sofuba samadoda okanye i- meningitis enobuhlungu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kubonakala kubantwana kwiintsapho apho sele isele isigulane ngesifo sofuba ngesimo evulekile. Ngoko ke, kulo mzekelo, ukubeka iliso rhoqo komntwana kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukukhusela nayiphi na uhlobo le ntsholongwane.
Ukuqulunqa, nayiphi na umntwana oye wathatha isifo solawulo kufuneka abe phantsi kweliso elivakalayo logqirha, athathe amachiza athile ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ulandele ixesha elikhethekileyo lemihla, uchithe ixesha elide ngaphandle, kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka, uhlala kwidolophana, kwi-cottage - nayiphi na indawo apho uluntu lusondele khona (inqaku: kuba esi sifo sidinga umthamo omkhulu wokusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini kumzimba), iinkqubo zamanzi kunye nokushona kwelanga nazo ziyimfuneko, kodwa ngexabiso elincinane. Ngokwezibalo, njengoko kushiwo ngaphambili, iziganeko zesifo sofuba zikhula minyaka yonke kwihlabathi. Ngokuqhelekileyo esi sifo senziwa ngendlela evulekileyo, xa umntu omnye enokuthelela abantu abaninzi, kunye namawaka abantu. Ngelishwa, esi sifo singabamba bobabini abadala kunye nabantwana. Ngoko ke, ekugqibeleni, ndingathanda ukunika iingcebiso ezincinci kodwa ezibalulekileyo kubo bonke abazali malunga nantoni na amanyathelo athathathekayo ekunciphiseni amathuba okufumana isifo somntwana waloo ntsholongwane:
- Kubalulekile ukugoma isifo sofuba ngexesha, ngaphandle kokulibaziseka;
- Unyaka ngamnye iMantoux kufuneka isampulule, kunye nabantwana baselula, njengowongezwayo -frijiography;
- Ukuba ugqirha wezingane uphankanya ubukho bebhaktiriya emzimbeni womntwana wakho, kufuneka uhambe ngokukhawuleza kwi-TB yeengcali ephethe ingxaki;
- Ukuba kukho ukukrokra okanye ibhaktheriya esele ifunyenwe, umntwana kufuneka ahambisane nayo yonke imimiselo enqunywe ngugqirha, kwaye kuphela abazali abanokukunceda umntwana ukuba anqobe esi sifo.
- Kubalulekile ukunika umntwana ixesha elide: kufuneka athole inani elaneleyo lokukhathazeka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, ukuqina, ukungasebenzi ngokugqithiseleyo nokunye ngaphandle;
- Ukunyanzelisa ngokunyanzelo kwimithetho yengqondo yomntwana kuya kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okufumana izifo.
Ngoku uyazi indlela yokufumanisa isifo sofuba kwizigaba zakuqala zesifo kubantwana. Yaye khumbula, bazali abathandekayo, siphila kwikhulu leminyaka lama-21, xa kungekho zifo ezingenakuphilisa, sifuna kuphela ukubeka iliso kwimpilo yabantwana bethu kunye nexesha lokuba sikwazi ukuqonda isifo esibi ukuze sikwazi ukunqoba kanye kanye.