Baqhawula umzimba womntwana ngokukhawuleza ukuba uzalwe. Kwaye oku, njengommiselo, kuhleli uxolo. Umntwana kunye nezidalwa zakhe ezincinci azihlali nje ngokuvisisana, zifumana inzuzo ephezulu kulo. Iimvumi zifumana izondlo ezibalulekileyo kubo kwaye zingadingekanga kwintsana, ngelixa zivelisa inani leenzyme ezinceda umntwana ukuba atye ukutya. Iibhaktheriya zilawula ukungena kwi-intestinal tract ye-bile acids, i-hormone kunye ne-cholesterol, ithatha inxaxheba kwimimiselo yesetyuli yamanzi. Ukongezelela, izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kumntwana zabiwe: iivithamini, izinto ezichasene ne-antibacterial, i-hormone. "Iingqungquthela zalo zingaphazamisa i-organisms, ii-toxins ezahlukeneyo, kwaye zikhonza njengemithombo yamandla. Inendima ebalulekileyo ezi ncinane zidlala ekubunjweni nasekugcinweni kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-immunity, ukulwa nezifo ezingekho embi. Indlela yokuphatha i-dysbacteriosis kwintsana kwaye zeziphi iimpawu zokuqala zesifo-konke oku kwinqaku.
I-microflora yenziwe njani?
Kwisisu somama, umntwana akafumani nayiphi na i-microbes - oku kunyamekelwa yi-placenta kunye neembrane ze-amniotic. Ngenxa yoko, amathumbu kunye nazo zonke ezinye izitho zengane zizinyanga. Xa udlula kwinqanaba lokuzalwa, umntwana udibanisa ne-microbes ezihlala kuzo. Ngokuqhelekileyo baqhelisa ulusu, amehlo kunye nomlomo wengane, kunye nomkhonto, umama udlulisela amanqwelomba kule microflora. Ngaloo ndlela, umntwana usele ulungele ukudibanisa ne-microorganisms zokuqala ebomini bakhe - isistim somzimba sakhe saso sikwazi ukulawula imisebenzi yabo ebalulekileyo. Isinyathelo esibalulekileyo esilandelayo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-microflora yomzimba yisicelo sokuqala esiswini. Kufuneka wenze oku kwiiyure zokuqala zokubonakala komntwana. Yingakho. Ama-microorganisms eza kwi-colostrum, kwaye kamva kunye nobisi oluvela kumama wabo, angene kwisisu apho inxalenye igalelwe khona, kodwa ngenxa yemisebenzi ephantsi ye-hydrochloric acid, isixa esithile singena emathunjini amakhulu, apho sanda khona. Ngaloo ndlela, ekupheleni kweveki yokuqala yobomi, iimvuthu emathunjini akhe ziyakwazi ukubona malunga ne-10-15 iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-microorganisms. Xa ikholoni yeembilini, zihlala ziqhuba "umzabalazo wokukhuphisana" phakathi kwabo. Ukulinganisela okwethutyana kokukhawuleza kokubunjwa kwe-microflora - okubizwa ngokuba yi-physiological dysbacteriosis, ekumntwaneni onempilo iphelela kwiiveki 3-4 ukuya kweyesi-4, ngezinye iinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezi-6. Kodwa imeko enjalo iqhelekileyo, ayifuni naluphi na ukulungiswa.
Imfashini ye-dysbiosis
Kodwa yintoni i-dysbiosis? Lo ngumzimba womzimba wengane, apho isifo se-pathogenic senziwa kwisiza semvelo ye-microflora yomzimba. Isiqalo sichaza "into engalunganga". Ukuba uguqulela i-term verbatim - yintshintsho ethile kwi-microflora, ukuphambuka kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo, kodwa oku akusona isifo okanye ukugula. Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, ukuxilongwa "kwe-dysbiosis" kubonakala ngokukhawuleza njengoko ukuxilongwa "kwe-ARD." Nangona i-ICD-10 (udidi oluphambili lwezifo, olufanele lukhokele onke oogqirha behlabathi), akukho naluphi uhlobo lokuxilonga. Ngomxholo othi "i-dysbiosis", ukuba ngumathumbu nje kuphela, kukho ukukhula okuncinci kweengcambu kumathumbu amancinci kunye noshintsho kwindlela yokwenziwa kwezinto ezincinci zekholoni. Ukuphulwa okunjalo kwenzeka kuzo zonke abantwana abanezifo zentlungu, ukuzithemba, isifo sohudo kunye nezinye iingxaki zesistim sokutya. Ngoko ke, i-dysbacteriosis ingabonwa njengobonakaliso beengxaki, kodwa kungekhona njengefomu ye-neological emele. Ngoko ke, kufuneka uphathwe ngaphandle kwe-dysbiosis, kodwa ukuphulwa okubangele. Ukuba ingxaki ixazululwe, akukho dysbiosis! Kodwa uyazibuza - kodwa kuthekani ngeengxaki zesitulo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izibonakaliso? Ingaba nazo zitshintshile ekuhlalutheni kwamathambo? Enyanisweni, kodwa ukuguqula indawo ye-microbial kungenxa yeengxaki emzimbeni, kodwa kungekhona isizathu. Ewe, maxa wambi ibhalansi yemvelo ye microflora iphazamiseka. Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezibangela ukuhluleka okunjalo: nasiphi na isifo (nangona kukho kubanda), kuba yonke into idibeneyo emzimbeni, i-hypothermia, ukunyusa, ukutya okungafanelekanga kunye nosuku oluzaliswe ngumsindo. Konke oku kukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwimeko yemvelo ye-microflora emzimbeni. Kubantwana abanobuhle emzimbeni, ukuphazamiseka okunjalo kuphelileyo. Isimo sokuqala se-microflora siya kubuyiselwa kwiiyure ezimbalwa, ubuninzi ngosuku, xa ususa into ephosakeleyo okanye eyonakalisayo.
Liyabonakala njani
I-Dysbiosis ayiyona isifo, kodwa enye yeembonakaliso zengxubevange ye-immunodeficiency, kwaye ibangelwa zizizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ukwakhiwa komzimba we-intestinal microflora kulawulwa ngumzimba womzimba womntwana. Utshintsho oluqhubekayo ekubunjweni kweentlobo zamathambo luhlala luvela ngenxa yeenguqu zentsholongwane kwiimpendulo zomzimba. Emva koko umzimba unzima ne-microflora yayo eqhelekileyo kwaye uyayicima. Ngoko ke, ukuzama ukuqoqa amathumbu e-cola kunye nesityalo esiqhelekileyo samathambo ngokuncediswa kwamalungiselelo e-bhakteria kuphela kunika impumelelo yesikhashana, kwaye akunqabile kakhulu. Kuya kuba lunqweneleka ukuphawula, ukuba i-dysbacteriosis kwisondlo se-thoracal ayikwenzeka. Ukuba umntwana usondeza ubisi lomama, kunye neengxaki zamathumbu zisaphakama, zinokuthi zingabikho i-allergies, okanye i-lactase isweleko, okanye ukungafihleki kokusebenza okungasemva kweminyaka (intestinal colic). Ukuba iingcali zibiza ukuba ingxaki yabantwana abancinci ibangelwa yi-dysbacteriosis, kungcono ukubonisana nomnye oyingcali.
Yintoni engaphathwa?
Xa usenza isigqibo malunga nokulungiswa kwe-dysbiosis, ugqirha kufuneka ukhokelwe yimeko yesigulane. Ukuba iimvavanyo ziyahluka kwiimimiselo, kunye nezikhalazo kulo mzekelo umntwana akaqapheliswanga, oku kuyindlela eqhelekileyo kwiimvumba zakho. Isiqhelo siphezulu, kwaye ukuphambuka kwabantwana abahlukeneyo ngamanye amaxesha kunokubaluleka, kodwa oku akusiyo isizathu sokuthathwa kwezenzo zonyango. Kwiimeko zeengxaki ze-stool kumntwana, zonke izifo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zilawulwe ngaphandle, kwaye emva koko, imbangela yokugqibela idysbiosis.
Indlela yokunyanga
Ukuba i-dysbacteriosis isabonwa, lungiselela ixesha elide kunye neyeza ezininzi. Ngokwemvelo, iyeza lokuqala ze-dysbacteriosis ziyi-antibiotics. Ukuqhawula amathumbu ngeflethi eluncedo, kufuneka uchithe okokuqala. Ukongeza, unyango luya kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-bacteriophages eyahlukeneyo - izinto ezinamathele kwiibhaktheriya ezithile zamathumbu kwaye ziwachithe. Ukongeza kubo, izilungiso ezikhethekileyo zeprobiotics eziqulethe "ezixhamlayo" izicwangciso zebhaktheriya ezimiselwe, apho "iibhaktheriya" ezimbi zifuduswa. Zikhethwe ngabanye. Isigaba sesibini emva kokukhishwa kwe-microbi "ezimbi" yinkqubo yokulungisa "okuhle". Nayi khosi lide lide: kuqala baqala ngekhosi yo-7-10-day ye-prebiotiki-iziyobisi ezidala indawo efanelekileyo kwi-lumen ye-intestine kwaye inokunceda ukuhlala kwiibhaktheriya ezilungileyo. Emva koko, ukwamkela i-probiotic - iilungiselelo eziqulethwe ngamathumbu amathumbu asemathunjini aqalayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokufana ne-pre-probiotics, amalungiselelo e-enzyme, ama-sorbents kunye namanye awamiselweyo, oko kukuthi, isifo esisisigxina siphathwa. Ukongezelela, ugqirha uya kukhetha ukutya okukhethekileyo kumntwana, atyekiswe ngeemveliso ezinempembelelo ezincinci kwi-microflora - ngokuqhelekileyo ezi ziimveliso zobisi ezimuncu kunye nokutya okunotye kwiipectins kunye nefiber.
Mayelana neenzuzo zobisi lwebele
Ubisi lwebele lubona mveliso eyingqungquthela eyenza uluntu olusemphilweni lwentlungu. Iintlanzi, ukuncelisa, kunye "nokwenza izinto" zinomxholo ohlukileyo we microflora. I-Bifidobacteria kwiintsana zikhusela ngokunyanisekileyo ukukhula kwamachiza ezinobuncwane, ukugcina ukubunjwa kwazo kwinqanaba eliphantsi. Inani le-lactobacilli likhulu "kwizinto zokufakelwa", kodwa zinama-bacterium angaphezulu anokuvelisa i-toes emathunjini. Ukongezelela, "ukufakelwa" akukwazi ukufumana kumxube we-immunoglobulin A (iqulethwe kuphela kubisi lwebele), kunye neyakhe ayikavelwanga, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni kwamandla omzimba omzimba.
Kutheni kubalulekile ukufaka isicelo kwisifuba kusasa?
Namathisela umntwana kwisifuba ngokukhawuleza, kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30 yokuqala emva kokuzalwa. Ndiyabulela oku, i-crumb ingakwazi ukufumana i-microflora efanelekileyo. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zabonisa ukuba ubisi lwebele lomfazi kwisonto lokuqala emva kokubeletha luqukethe i-bifidobacteria, i-lactobacilli, i-enterococci kunye nezinye iindidi ezincinane ezincedo kumathumbu omntwana. Ukuba isicelo sokuqala sihlehliselwe ixesha eli-12 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuzalwa, ngoko kuphela isiqingatha seesana esiza kuzalwa siya kuba ne-flora efanelekileyo yamanzi, ukuba oko kwenziwa nangona kamva, kuphela ikota yezingane eziza kulungisa i-bacterium ngokufanelekileyo.