Oku kudideka kunokukhokelela kumdlalo ogqithiseleyo okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, kwisimo sengqondo esingathandekiyo malunga nesimo; Kwiimeko zombini ukuphendulwa kwe-response kuya kuba kungonelanga, unyango luya kulibaziseka. Ziziphi izifo zesisu zomntwana ezikhoyo kunye nendlela yokuwunqoba, funda kwinqaku "Izifo zesisu ezithintekayo kumntwana".
Utyhefu lokutya
Utyhefu lokutya, ngakumbi ehlobo, luvame ukubangelwa yi-salmonella kwaye lubhekisela kwiintlobo ze-gastroenteritis, ezizona zizathu eziqhelekileyo zonyango kwi "First Aid". I-Gastroenteritis - isifo sesisu kunye namathumbu, kubangela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane okanye intsholongwane. Ingasenwasulelwa ngoqhagamshelwano nesigulane. Ukusasazeka kwesi sifo ngezinye izihlandlo kuthatha isilinganiselo sesibhubhane. Enye indlela yokusuleleka kukusetyenziswa kwamanzi angcolileyo okanye ukutya okusemgangathweni. Iimpawu ze-gastroenteritis kunye ne-salmonellosis zivame ukuvela emva kweentsuku ezintathu emva kokusuleleka, kubandakanya ukuhanjiswa nokuhlanza, ukushisa kunye nesisu. Iqela leengozi ephezulu libandakanya abantwana, kunye nabantu abadala kunye nabagulayo, abasemngciphekweni ikakhulu ngenxa yokukhulelwa kwamanzi, okwandisa i-gastroenteritis. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela amanyathelo okukhusela, ngakumbi ehlobo:
- Gcina iliso ekuphumeni kwamaqanda kunye nezitya ezakhiweyo - i-mayonnaise, i-salads, i-sauces, ii-pie ezivulekileyo kunye nee-dessert.
- I-saladi eluhlaza, izityalo eziqhambileyo kunye nemifuno kufuneka ihlambuluke.
- Ukuba udla ngaphandle kwendlu, qaphela ukugcinwa nokuphathwa kweenkukhu, intlanzi kunye nenyama.
- Thenga iintlanzi zaselwandle kuphela kubathengisi abathembekileyo.
- Qaphela ukuba intlanzi eluhlaza, i-sausages, inyama ebandayo.
- Ibhotile yebhanki yokutya kufuneka ifakwe inzalo kwaye igcinwe ngokuhlambulukileyo.
- Amanzi okuphuza kufuneka abe bhotile okanye abilisiwe.
Botulism
Esi sifo esithathelwanayo sibangelwa iibilisi zeClostridium botulinum bacillus, isiphumo sezenzo zabo sinokukhubazeka kwenkqubo ye-nervous. Kukho iintlobo ezi-3 ze-botulism: i-botulism yokutya (xa udla ukutya okuhlambulukileyo ne-toxins), intsholongwane ye-botulism (kunye nokusabalala kwamagciwane amathumbu, apho ikhulula khona i-toxins efunyenwe kwaye ibangele iimpawu) kunye ne-botulism yamanxeba (ukuzaliswa kwe-clostridia ngamanxeba). Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziyimilomo eyomileyo, umbono obini, ubunzima bokunyanga izifundo ezinxulumene, ubunzima bokugwinya nokuthetha. Izimpawu zesisu (isicupunu, ukuhlanza, i-spasms kunye nesifo sohudo) singabonakalisa kanye kunye nalabo abhalwe apha ngasentla okanye phambi kwabo. Ubunzima obukhulu kunye nobuhlungu obungaphangeki esiswini, colic. Ubuhlungu besisu buhlala kubantwana, bunokuba neefom ezahlukeneyo kunye nobude. Intlungu ebuhlungu ingabangela:
- I-gastroenteritis.
- Colic. Ukuba intlungu kwisisu somntwana yenzeke ngexesha elifanayo kunye nokukhala, ukuguqa imilenze, ukugqithisa, ukuguquka, ukubonakala kwegazi kumanzi okanye umlenze, ugqirha kufuneka uqhagamshelane naye ngokukhawuleza. Nangona zonke ezi zinto zibangelwa yi-colic, uncedo olungonyango luyimfuneko ukuseka isizathu esona.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kweegesi (ukuguquka).
- Appendicitis. Iintlungu zisoloko zixhaswa ngumkhuhlane, ukuhlanza nokuqhawulwa, intlungu ibeka ingqalelo kwicala elingaphantsi lesigxina esiswini.
- Ukuba intlungu ihambelana neempawu ze-urologic kunye neentlungu kwiindawo ezinobungakanani, kunye nokushisa, kunokubonisa ukuba usulelo lwe-genitourinary system (cystitis, pyelonephritis).
- Ezinye izizathu: i-pancreatitis, i-peritonitis. Kule meko, intlungu ihambelana nomkhuhlane ophezulu, isisu sisisigxina, imeko yesimo sendawo imbi kakhulu. Ukuba ubuhlungu besisu buhlala bunzima (oko kukuthi, luphinde luphindwe kaninzi ngenyanga), kukho izizathu ezininzi:
- Mhlawumbi, intlungu ihambelana nokucaphuka kwamathumbu, ngokukodwa kubantwana abancinci kunye nabantwana abancinci.
- Ubuhlungu bungaba ngumphumo wokubuyiselwa kwe-pancreatitis, iimpso kunye nezifo ze-gallbladder, colic, njl.
Ngeentlungu ezibuhlungu esiswini, ezavela okokuqala, ugqirha uya kwenza isigqibo esekelwe kwiziphumo zoviwo kunye ne-anamnesis. Ubunzima bubangelwa ziziganeko ezidinga ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza, ngokukhawuleza, isistimendicitis, kwaye kungekhona izifo ezinobungozi. Ngamanye amaxesha kunceda ukugcina isigulane kwiiyure eziliqela ukwenzela ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo.
Appendicitis
Kwizifo eziqhelekileyo zesisu esisenzayo kwiminyaka yokuqala yoku-10 yobomi, isilwanyana se-appendicitis sininzi kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba isigxina sesisu sisigubungele i-memitane - i-peritoneum, ukuvuvukala kwesihlomelo kungasasazeka kwaye kubangele isifo esibi kunye nesongela ubomi-peritonitis. Uphawu olubalaseleyo lwe-appendicitis intlungu, eyokuqala ayikho ndawo, kodwa ekugqibeleni igxininisa kwicala elingaphantsi lesigxina (esifundeni sase-ileum). Le ntlungu ingaba iqhubeke okanye iphakathi. Umntwana udonsa unyawo lwakhe lokunene kwisisu ukuze akhuphe intlungu, kodwa akathinti inxalenye enzima yesisu, apho intlungu ibonakala ngayo. Ukuvutha kunye neentlanzi kusenokwenzeka (kwezinye iimeko, phambi kokuqala kwentlungu). Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya umkhuhlane, intloko, ukungahambi kakuhle kubangelwa ukukhanya kunye nengxolo, ukuphefumula okufutshane, ulwimi oluhle.
I-hepatitis
Oku kukuvuvukala kwesibindi, ngokuqhelekileyo kudibaniswa nosuleleko lwentsholongwane. Ukuvuvukala kunokuba nobunzima obuhlukeneyo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokukhokelela ekubhujisweni kwezicubu zesibindi. Kukho ezininzi iintsholongwane ezingabangela i-hepatitis kubantwana.
- Iintsholongwane ezibangelwa i-hepatitis: ukuya kutsho, zichongiwe iintlobo ezi-6 ezinkulu-i-hepatitis A, B, C, D, E ne-G.
- I-Cytomegalovirus (i-CMV) ibhekisela kwiintsapho ze-herpes ze-herpes, zithunyelwa kumntu kumntu.
- I-Epstein-Barr virus (i-EBV) ixhomekeke kwi-mononucleosis.
- I-virus yeHerpes simplex (i-HSV) inokuchaphazela ubuso, ulusu ngaphezu kwesikhumba kunye nezitho zangasese.
- Intsholongwane ye-Chickenpox (VZV), kuba enye yeengxaki zenkomo yenkukhu ingaba yi-hepatitis.
- I-Enteroviruses: iqela leentsholongwane ezifumaneka rhoqo kubantwana, njenge-Coxsackie virus, ebangela i-aphthous pharyngitis, okanye i-echovirus.
- Intsholongwane kaRuby, ebangela rubella.
- I-Parvovirus, edlalwa ngokuba "isifo sesihlanu", ibonakala ngokugqithisa ebusweni, apho izihlathi ezitshatyalazayo.
I-Hepatitis A yindlela exhaphakileyo ye-hepatitis kubantwana. Yibangela intsholongwane yegciwane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, usulelo lwe-hepatitis luya kwenzeka xa udibanisa neengxube, kunye nokudla ukutya okanye amanzi anokungcola ngezilwanyana ezinobhubhane. I-Hepatitis A nayo isasazwa ngokukhawulwa, okwakusetyenziswe ngaphambili ngumthwali wesifo.
Iimpawu zifana neempawu zomkhuhlane:
- Ukufudumala, isisongela, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo.
- Ukulahleka kwesidlo, ukunyaniseka, intlungu okanye ukuphazamiseka esiswini, intlungu kwiimisipha kunye namalungu.
- Ukutshisa kunye namabala obomvu kwesikhumba.
- Ubumnyama bomchamo kunye ne-icterus (ubume besikhumba kunye ne-sclera).
Ugqirha uya kuxilonga ngesiseko se-anamnesis kunye neziphumo zeemvavanyo zelabhoratri. Kunconywa ngezinye iziganeko ezinxulumene nezihlobo ezingaqhelekanga ze-hepatitis.
Amazinyo emathunjini
Amagciwane e-intestinal ayimvelo edla izondlo eziqulethwe emzimbeni womntu kwaye zihlala kwiphepha lesisu. Uninzi lwama-parasites lunokwahlukana ngamaqela angundoqo amabini:
- Iprotozoa, i-microspores (amoebae, guardia, cryptosporidia) kunye ne-multicellular, eziyimpompo, umzekelo, ukujikeleza (i-oxyuras, i-ascarids, i-trichocephales, i-hookworms, i-nekator, i-strongyloid, i-toxocar). Izibonakaliso zezifo ezigulisayo zixhomekeka kwizinto ezibangelwa zona; ezininzi
Ungaziphepha njani izifo ezidlulayo:
Ukuba ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi kungathandabuzeki, kufuneka kuphekwe, kuhlanjululwe, i-ozonized uze utswe. Ukutya okutsha, ngakumbi izityalo kunye nemifuno, kufuneka ihlambuluke ngaphambi kokusela ngamanzi okusela. Kubalulekile ukufundisa umntwana ukuba ahlambe izandla phambi kokutya, emva kokuya kwindlu yangasese kwaye, kubaluleke kakhulu, emva kokudlala kwisanti. Umntwana akufanele ahambe angenazicathulo apho kunokufumana imithombo yesifo. Zonke izalamane zomntwana onesifo esibhubhisayo kufuneka adlulise iifesi zokuhlalutya, nangona zingenayo impawu, zinokuba zizidumbu. Ukusebenza kwezonyango zasemakhaya akuqinisekisiweyo, ngoko ungasebenzisi i-laxatives, ungathathi indawo yonyango kunye nokunye okunjalo. Kwiimeko kunye nezi zifo, akukho ntlungu kubo bonke. Iprotozoa ibangele impawu zamathumbu (isifo sohudo, intlungu yokuvuvukala nesisu); i-multicellular ayiniki nje kuphela le mpawu, kodwa kunye nokuphazamiseka ngokubanzi (ubuthathaka, ubuhlungu, ukulahleka kwesisindo, ukulahleka kwesondlo, ukukhulelwa komzimba, ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, ukutshiza, njl.
Izifo zentlobo ye-Genitourinary
Izifo zohlobo lwe-genitourinary, njengomthetho, zivela kwi-bacteria, ngokukodwa ukusuleleka kwe-urethra (urethritis), i-bladder (cystitis) kunye neentso (pyelonephritis). Izifo ezithatha i-Genitourinary ebuntwaneni (ngokuqhelekileyo kwiminyaka yokuqala yesi-2) ziqhelekileyo kunezona naziphi na ixesha lokuphila. Ukongezelela, ebuntwaneni izi zifo zinzima kakhulu: kubantwana abancinci ukuzaliswa kosulelo, isifo se-sepsis kunye nesifo se-meningitis, singabantwana abadala, iintsholongwane ze-genito-urinary, ngakumbi ngokuphindaphinda, kubangela ukuba i-kidney disysction and lead to a disease of the heart. Kubantwana abancinci (abaneminyaka engama-1-2 ubudala), uphawu oluphela kuphela lunokuba ngumkhuhlane. Ezinye izibonakaliso: i-urine efudumele ngefakerefactive odor, ukungabi nanele ngokwaneleyo, ukuhlanza, ukukhala rhoqo, njl. Kuba kubantwana nzima ukuba kunzima ukufumana izifo zokuvuthwa kweempawu, iidokotela zihlala zifuneka ziqinisekise ukuxilongwa kwe-urinalysis. Kubantwana abadala, iimpawu zihambelana nokuvuthwa, ukutshisa, ukukhuthaza rhoqo, ngamanye amaxesha umchamo unamagazi, i-turbid, kunye nefuthe elimnandi. Ukuba usulelo luye lwachaphazela iinjongo (pyelonephritis), umkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, intlungu ekhohlo okanye ngakwesobunxele kwingingqi ye-lumbar (kumqolo osezantsi, ngaphaya komgca) unokwenzeka. Kuzo zonke iimeko, kuphuculwa isiselo esivulekile. Ukuba ukushisa kuphakama, kunika umntwana izidakamizwa eziqhelekileyo ze-antipyretic (i-paracetamol, ibuprofen, njl.). Ngoku siyazi ukuba zeziphi izifo ezithintekayo zesisu.