Iphupha lalo lonke unina elizayo liza kubeletha umntwana onempilo epheleleyo. Kwaye iindlela zokuxilonga imeko yentsholongwane zibizwa ukuba ziqale ukukhulelwa ukuze zibone ukuba umntwana usempilweni okanye ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphene. Kodwa akusiyo yonke into elula. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kokuzalwa komntwana akusiyo isifundo esikhuselekileyo kwaye akusoloko kuchanekile.
Okokuqala, machaze imigaqo. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kuyisifo sokuxilongwa kwesifo sengqondo sokubeletha ukuze ufumane intsholongwane yesifo somntwana kwisigaba sokuphuhliswa kwe-intrauterine. Kule nkcazo yinkcazo yobazali kwiindlela zokuqala zokukhulelwa kunye nesondo lomntwana. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kuvumela ukufumana i-Down's syndrome kunye nezinye izifo ze-chromosomal, iziphazamiso zokuphuhliswa kweentliziyo, ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwengqondo kunye nomgudu womgogodla, umgogodla. Kwakhona ukucacisa umlinganiselo wokukhula kweemiphunga ze-fetal, izinga le-oksijini yindlala yesisu kunye nezinye izifo.
Iqela leengozi
Ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo malunga nokuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha ngaphandle kobungqina obukhethekileyo, abazali kufuneka bakhumbule - akukhuselekanga umntwana. Ukuxhalaba okuqhelekileyo okuvela kuzo zonke abazali abazayo akusisona sizathu sokufumanisa imeko yomntwana. Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko kubafazi abakhulelweyo:
• ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala;
• Abasetyhini abasele benabantwana abanesifo sengqondo sokubeleka kunye nokukhulelwa okungaphumeleli.
• Abasetyhini abasele bafumana iziganeko zezifo ezithwabayo okanye abafazi abasenokuba ngabaphathi bezo zifo;
• Abasetyhini abaye bahlolisiswa ukususela ekukhulelwe kwimiphumo yezinto ezingaziwa. Oku kubangelwa ukuba banokuba yingozi kakhulu kumntwana okhulayo;
• Abasetyhini abanezifo ezithathelwanayo (i-toxoplasmosis, i-rubella, nabanye);
Kwi-95% yamatyala, iindlela zokuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha azibonisi iziphoso ezibonakalayo. Yaye ukuba ukuphambuka ekuphuhlisweni kwefestile kusabonakaliswa, umbuzo uvela ngcebiso ekuqhubekeni kokukhulelwa. Esi sigqibo senziwa kuphela ngabazali, kwaye kufuneka sicingwe kwaye silinganiswe! Kukho iimeko xa abafazi behlala bekhulelwe nangona ziphumo zokuxilongwa kwaye ngexesha elifanayo zazala abantwana abaphilileyo. Nangona ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha okuqinisekisiweyo ngamanqanaba olwazi lobugcisa kungabonakali. Njengomthetho, abazali bayaphazamisa ukukhulelwa kwabo kuphela xa iimvavanyo zibonisa isiphako esinokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu okanye ezinokubulala. Kule meko, udinga ukubonisana nomfuzo oza kuqinisekisa okanye ukuphika ukuxilongwa. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba inani elincinci labazali lizama ukulondoloza ubomi bomntwana osalinde ixesha elide.
Izindlela ezisisiseko zokuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka kweemeko zomntwana
Enye yeendlela eziphambili zolu vavanyo luhlalutyo lwabazali babazali. Oogqirha banomdla kuzo zonke iimeko eziyaziwayo zezifo ezinzima, eziphindaphindiweyo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ngokomzekelo, ukuzalwa komntwana onamaqhinga, ukuphazamiseka komzimba, ukungabikho komntwana. Ukuba intsapho ibonakalisa izifo ezithandekayo, ngoko iingcali zichonga ukuba yeyiphi ipesenteji yomngcipheko wokudluliselwa kwayo kwenzalo. Olu hlalutyo lunokwenziwa kokubili nangaphambi kokukhulelwa.
Uhlalutyo lwe-Genetic luhlolisiso lwesethi ye-chromosome yabazali bobabini.
Iqela elihlukileyo liendlela ezingabonakaliyo zokuxilonga umntwana. Ziyenziwa phantsi kolawulo lwe-ultrasound, kunye ne-anesthesia yendawo okanye jikelele, esibhedlele. Emva kwenkqubo, owesifazane okhulelweyo ama-4-5 iiyure ophantsi kolawulo lwagqirha. Iindlela ezidibeneyo zi:
• Ukukhethwa kwe-chorion biopsy - ukuxilongwa kweeseli ezivela kwi-placenta ezayo. Kuqhutywa kwiiveki ezi-8 ukuya ku-12 zokukhulelwa. Iingenelelo zale ndlela zithuba (ukuya kwiiveki ezili-12) kunye nesantya sempendulo (iintsuku eziyi-3-4). Inkqubo: 1) Okokuqala, inani elincinci leetyrionic tissue litsalwa ngedishoni ngecathter, efakwe kwingxowa yomlomo wesibeleko; 2) ke isampuli yesiswini ilandelwa kwisirinji kunye nenaliti ende ende efakwe eludongeni lwesisu kwisigxina se-uterine. Njengazo naziphi na ezinye iindlela, i-biopsy inxulumene nobungozi. Lo mngcipheko wokuphaphaza kumfazi (1-2%), umngcipheko wokusuleleka kumntwana (1-2%), umngcipheko wokuphuphuma kwesisu (2-6%), umngcipheko wokulimala kwengozi kunye nezinye iingxaki.
• i-placentocentesis (i-chorion biopsy late) - eyenziwe kwisigxina sesibini. Iqhutyelwa ngendlela efanayo ne-biopsy;
• i-amniocentesis - uhlalutyo lwe-amniotic fluid kwiiveki ezi-15 ukuya kwe-16 zokunyuka. I-liquid ispumped ngokusebenzisa inaliti ngokusebenzisa isirinji efakwe eludongeni lwesisu kwisigxina se-uterine. Le ndlela yindlela ekhuselekileyo yokuxilonga i-fetus - ipesenti yeengxaki azidluli kwi-1%. Iingxaki zolu hlobo lokuxilongwa: ixesha elide lokuhlalutya (iiveki ezi-2-6), fumana iziphumo kumyinge kwiiveki ezingama-20 ukuya ku-22. Kwakhona, umngcipheko wokuvelisa abantwana abancinci ukwanda kancinci kwaye kukho ingcipheko encinane (engaphantsi kwe-1%) yokuphefumula okuphefumulayo kwiintsana.
• Uhlalutyo lwe-cordocentesis lwegazi lomntfwana. Le ndlela yinkcazelo kakhulu yokuxilongwa. Umhla wokugqibela umhla -22-25. Isampuli yegazi ithathwa ngentsalane ukusuka kwintambo yomtya oyimfakamfutho efakwe ngokugqitywa kwindonga yangasese yangasemva kwisigxina se-uterine. I-cordocentesis inokubakho ubuncinci ubunzima.
Kukho neendlela ezingenasiphene zokuxilonga umntwana:
• Ukuhlolwa kwesimo se-serum - esenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-15 neye-20 zesisu. Izinto eziphathekayo-igazi elinomdla wesifazane okhulelwe. Kukho ncipheko yokuba umntwana. Olu hlalutyo luboniswa kubo bonke abafazi abakhulelweyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic ye-fetus, membranes kunye ne-placenta (ultrasound). Yenziwa ngomhla we-11-13 no-22-25 iiveki zokukhulelwa. Kuboniswa kubo bonke abafazi abakhulelweyo.
• ukuhlenga iiseli ze-fetal - kuqhutyelwa phakathi kweeveki ezi-8 ukuya kwe-20 zokukhulelwa. Izinto ezifundwayo zifundo ligazi legazi. Egazini kubelwe iiseli ze-fetal (fetal), ezihlalutyiweyo. Amathuba aloo ndlela afana ne-biopsy, placentocentesis kunye ne-cordocentesis. Kodwa izingozi ziphantse zikho. Kodwa oku kuhlalutya kakhulu kwaye akuqinisekanga ngokwaneleyo. Le ndlela ayisoloko isetyenziswa namhlanje.
Siyabulela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga imeko yentsholongwane, kunokwenzeka ukuchonga izifo eziyingozi kwaye kuthathe amanyathelo. Okanye qiniseka ukuba akukho zifo ezinzulu. Kukho nawuphi na, sinqwenela impilo kuwe nabantwana bakho!