Kuphi na izinyosi zaseMelika zaphela?

Iimvomologists zinemfihlelo yangempela. Kulo lonke ilizwe, iinyosi zezinyosi zishiya imingxuma kwaye zanyamalala ngonaphakade kwi-direction engaziwayo. Ngethuba elifutshane elifutshane, umququ uya kuba yinto engenanto. Iingcali zenzululwazi zithi le ngqungquthela isingenakunzwakala ukuwa kwekholoni. Ngokweengxelo zabalimi bezinyosi kulo lonke ilizwe, ukususela ekuqaleni kokuwa eUnited States malunga neepesenti ezingama-25-40 zeenyosi zezinyosi ziye zanyamalala kwimingxuma. Ngoxa kungekho namnye ongayibangela isizathu sokuba kuphele ukugqithiswa kwezinyosi.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinyosi kubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu, njengoko iinyosi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yesithathu kwisidlo sokutya okudliwe ekudleni, kubandakanywa ii-apula, i-watermelon kunye ne-almonds, kuba inyosi ithwala i-pollen kwintyatyambo enye iya kwenye. Ngaphandle kwesi nqubo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-pollination, isityalo asikwazi ukuvelisa imbewu okanye iziqhamo.

Ngoku iinzululwazi kunye nabalimi bezinyosi baye babumbana ukuze bafumane isizathu sokushabalalisa kweenkoloni ezininzi zeenyosi. Ngemizamo yokubambisana, ukufunda indlela yokuziphatha, ukondla kunye nempilo yezinyosi, amalungu eqela anethemba lokufumana isizathu kunye nokukhusela ukunyamalala kweenyosi esikhathini esizayo.

Kungenzeka ukuba ukunyamalala kwezinyosi kudibene naluphi uhlobo lwesifo. Ukuze kuphandwe kwesi sizathu, iinqununu ezivela kwi-laboratory yophando kwiSebe lezoLimo lase-United States zenze uvavanyo olunzulu lwezinyosi ezivela kwiikholomu ezisengozini.

Kwaye kwavela ukuba iinyosi ezivela kwiikoloni ezisengozini azizange ziphile kakuhle, kwaye ezinye iinguqu zifunyenwe kwimizimba yazo yokugaya. Mhlawumbi ezinye izidumbu zonakalisa izitho zokugaya iinyosi. Ukungakwazi kwezinyosi ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane zingabonisa ukuba isistim somzimba siphelile. Ezinye iimpawu zesistim sokuzivikela somzimba wezinyosi ziphezulu zebhaktheriya kunye nefungi emzimbeni. Kodwa kutheni ukuba ubukho bee-parasites, ii-bacteria okanye i-fungi emzimbeni zibangela ukuba bashiye imihlathi yabo? Ekupheleni, xa sigula, sifuna ukuhlala ekhaya. Kuye kwenzeka ukuba ezinye zezidumbu zingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokuziphatha kwezinyosi.

Kungenzeka ukuba iinyosi ezigulayo azikwazi ngokufanelekileyo ukucwangcisa ulwazi kwaye azi ukuba phi ikhaya labo. Ngamanye amazwi, inyosi egulayo inokuthi ikhuphe ngaphandle komthi kwaye ibaleke apho ikhona.

Ukuba iinyosi ezaneleyo kwikoloni azikwazi ukufumana indlela yazo ekhaya, i-colony iya kukhawuleza ibe khona. Ngohlobo lwabo, nokuba izinyosi eziphilileyo azikwazi ukuhlala zodwa ixesha elide. Kwaye ukushabalala kwezinyosi ezisengozini kuya kuba yintlobo yezityalo eziveliswe yizinyosi.

Esinye isizathu sokutshatyalaliswa kwezinyosi sinxulumene neekhemikhali abalimi abazisebenzisayo ukulawula izinambuzane ezinambuzane. Ngenxa yeziphumo, i-insecticide yafunyanwa enefuthe elibi kwiinkqubo zeentlanzi zezinyosi zezinyosi, kwiingqondo kunye nenkumbulo. Olunye ukhangelelwano olunomdla oluhlobene nokuziphatha kwezinambuzane, esoloko isebenzisa izivalo ezingenalutho ukukhulisa inzala yazo. Ngokuqhelekileyo baphatha ngokukhawuleza isidleke esingenalutho, kodwa ngoku abayikugijimela ukwenza. Mhlawumbi kukho into emlonyeni ongaphenduli nje kuphela iinyosi ngokwabo, kodwa nakwezinye iinambuzane. Kuze kube ngoku, izazinzulu azizange ziqikelele ukuba ziyintoni.

Ukuba kuvela ukuba eso sifo sabangela ukunyamalala kwezinyosi, ngoko iigesi zezinyosi zinokukunceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni ezinye iikholoni zinyamalale, kanti abanye bengenayo. Naliphi iqela lezinyosi, kunye nezilwanyana nabantu, zinamaqela ahlukahlukeneyo, kuba ngamnye umntu unesigqeba esithile esithile sazo. Izahlukileyo ezahlukahlukeneyo kwiqela, ngakumbi ukuhlukahluka kofuzo lweqela. Kwaye ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kubaluleke kakhulu xa kuziwa ekuphumeni.

Ngoku iinzululwazi zifunda ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kwiinkoloni zeenyosi zezinyosi, ukuze ziqonde ukuba zichaphazela ukusabalalisa kweenyosi kunye nokubola kwekholoni. Ukuba i-coloni ihluke ngokwemizimba, amathuba okuthi iya kubhujiswa ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yesifo okanye isifo sinciphile, kuba ubuncinci inxalenye yezinyosi kwiqela elihlukileyo ngokwemizimba ziza kuba neenjenge eziza kubancedisa ukuchasa isifo esithile esiye sabetha koloni. Okwangoku, izazinzulu zenza iimvavanyo zofuzo kwizinyosi. Injongo yeemvavanyo kukufumanisa ukuba ngaba kukho ukungafani kofuzo phakathi kweenyosi eziye zanyamalala kunye nalawo aseleyo kwimingxuma.

Iinzululwazi zisebenza nzima ukwenza izizathu zokusabalalisa kweenyosi. Okwangoku, iinyosi ziyaqhubeka ziphela. Ngaba kukho nantoni na ongayenza ukubanceda baphile? Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ukugcina izinyosi, abantu abaninzi kufuneka bahlanganyele kwizinyosi ezizalisayo.