Abavikeli bomzimba - amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba (i-leukocytes) - ekhulile emnzini wethambo kunye ne-thymus (thymus gland), ephendukela kuma-phagocyte (kunye nezinye iiseli ezingenasifo esingenangqondo) kunye ne-lymphocytes - iiseli ezithintekayo. Emva kokufunda "inkambo yomqhubi omncinci," iiseli ezihambayo ziya kwipeni, iitoni, i-lymph nodes kunye neenqanawa, iifollic ze-digestive kunye nokuphefumula, apho zigqibelela ukulungiselela ukuqhuba "inkonzo yokulwa".
Ukuhamba kunye nezicubu kunye nezitho kunye kunye ne-lymph negazi, i-leukocytes ivakalelwa ngama-receptors yonke into edibana nayo endleleni, kwaye ngoncedo lwekhowudi ekhethekileyo ichaza iiseli zenyama yazo ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Xa udibana nempahla enxulumene nayo, "amaqhawe" ahlukana ngokuthula, kwaye ukuba "ngabafokazi" phambi kwabo - baqala ukuhlasela.
I-Phagocyte yakha umgca wokuqala wokukhusela isifo. "Bayibopha" ii-microorganisms ebusweni babo kwaye bazithabathele-oku kusebenza ngayo. Ukuba "umkhosi" we-microbes-abahlaseli banamandla, i-lymphocytes (elinye iqela leukocytes) livela "empini". Zivelisa iziza-mzimba eziqaphela i-pathogen, naphi na apho (ngaphakathi kweeseli, kumzimba wegazi okanye igazi), kwaye unceda ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezisulelekileyo-ngokunjalo nokuzikhusela komzimba. Kodwa ukuba asinalo igunya lokuphazamisa ukukhulelwa kwangasese, umsebenzi esiwuzuzile uxhomekeke kumgama omkhulu wobomi bethu.
3 INKQUBO YOKUBHALA
Nangona kuhambelaniswe ngokungaqhelekanga kwinqanaba le-immune, akupheli ukuba yinkqubo engaphumeleli. Kukho iintlobo ezi-3 zokuphulwa komsebenzi wakhe.
1 IGQUBA: IMMUNODEFICIENCY
Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa sithi: "Ndilahlekelwe ngumzimba," sithetha ukuhla kwexeshana, okubuyiselwayo. Ngokusemgangathweni, le yimihlobo yokuqala ye-immunodeficiency. Okwesibini kubhekisela kumaxesha xa i-immune system isebenza rhoqo kwizinga eliphantsi okanye ukhuseleko lulahlekile ngokupheleleyo.
Ukunciphisa okwethutyana ukukhuselwa komzimba (ukutheleleka kwintsholongwane yokuphefumula kwintsholongwane, i-influenza, i-herpes, njl.) Ukungakhulelwa kungaphinda "bawe" ebomini, kwaye kukho izizathu ezininzi zezi zinto: uxinzelelo, ukukhathala, ukungondleki, imikhwa emibi (ukuxiliswa kotywala, ukutshaya), ukungabikho kwamavithamini kunye nelanga (ingakumbi kwixesha elibandayo), i-hypothermia, njl. - yonke into umntu ahlangana nayo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ubonakala ungenanto kwaye ungenzi buhlungu, kodwa uba yinto engapheliyo, ukhuseleko lomzimba luyancipha, umsebenzi we-immune system ukhula kakhulu (umxholo we-lymphocytes uyancipha, ukusebenza kwabo kuyancipha, kubandakanywa nokuveliswa kwe-antibodies). Ngenxa yoko, ungagula, kwaye isifo - "udonsa" kunye neengxaki.
Kubalulekile . Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zafakazela ukuba abafazi abangatshatanga banokuthi banokugula ngenxa yentsholongwane kunabo bavuya kwimitshato. Kwintsapho yabantu (kunye nokusebenza kunye nentlalontle), kuveliswa amaninzi amaninzi omzimba aphikisayo ama-microbes kunokuba abo bavaliwe kwaye banesizungu.
Musa ukudibanisa isizathu kunye nesiphumo sokuwa kwe-immunity. Ubushushu ngokwabo abukwazi ukubuthathaka amandla omzimba: unokuyithatha, ngenxa yokuba ukhuseleko lwakho luqala buthathaka ngenxa yesizathu esithile.
Yintoni oyenzayo . "Uwile" umkhuhlane? Ukuphakamisa ngendlela enzima. Kwakhona ezi zicebiso ziya kunceda ukuphepha ukuhla kwayo.
Amandla . Khetha ukutya okunokulinganisela. Yidla i-fat fat and more protein, equlethwe kwiititamin D neentlanzi ze-E kunye nenyama ephilileyo; kunye nefiber: imifuno - igumbi lokugcina impahla (i-zinc kunye ne-selenium), kuyimfuneko kwi-immune system, kunye naseziqhamo - kunye namavithamini B, i-vitamin C kunye ne-tocopherol (i-antioxidant enamandla efunekayo ngamaseli omzimba). Ukungabikho kwamavithamini kunye nokulandelelana kwezinto kuza kunceda ukuzalisa izongezelelo eziphilayo ezikhuselekileyo ukwenzela ukuphucula umzimba. Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge, jonga ugqirha wakho uze ufunde imiyalelo ngokucophelela.
Umsebenzi wezobugcisa. Ukuzivocavoca rhoqo ngempilo okanye kwizemidlalo kwandisa ukunqandwa komzimba kwizifo. Okokuqala, zikhawuleza ukujikeleza kwe-lymph - umkhuhlane ohambisa amajoni omzimba "kwibala lemfazwe" (ukuhamba kwawo ngeenqwelo ze-lymph kubangelwa ngenxa yokuphambana kwezihlunu ezijikelezayo). Okwesibini, ukunyakaza okusebenzayo kunceda ukufudumala. Xa ubhafisa, isantya sokunyakaza kweeseli ezikhuselayo sinciphisa, kwaye abanokuba nexesha lokuhlasela intsholongwane. Ngendlela, ukuhamba ngokuqhelekileyo emoyeni omtsha okanye uhambo oluya kwigumbi lomlambo (umzekelo, ukuhlambela kweRussia) kukuqeqeshwa kakuhle kokukhuseleka.
Iphupha . Ngexesha lokulala, ama-cytokines (iamolekyu eziveliswa yi-lymphocytes) ziveliswa. Bavuselela umsebenzi wamaseli omzimba kwaye baqinisekise ukuba basinda. Ngako oko, qiniseka ukuba zonke iindawo eziqhelekileyo, kwaye uzame ukungaphuli ulawulo.
Izinga lokulala imihla ngemihla li-7-8 iiyure, kwaye indlela efanelekileyo yokulungisa urhulumente ukuqeqesha ukuba ulale kwaye uvuke ngexesha elinye.
Ngesondo . Inzululwazi yaseYilves University yasePennsylvania ifumene ukuba abo bahlala beqhagamshelana ngesondo (1-2 ngeveki), izinga le-immunoglobulin (iintsholongwane) emanzini liphezulu. Esi sisinye isizathu sokufumana iqabane elihlala njalo, ukuba awunayo enye.
Ucoceko . Iimpawu ze-Microbes ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yethu yokuzivikela. Ihlabathi elikhuselekanga likhupha iindawo ezibandayo. Kwaye akumangalisi, ngenxa yokuba isintu siye savela kuzo izigidi zeminyaka, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko yokwakheka kwe-immunity yethu. Ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho mntu ukhansele ukucoceka kobuqu, kodwa kungcono ukuba ungadluli - fumana imali.
Ukufumana amayeza. Musa ukuzibandakanya kumachiza: ngaphandle kokutyunjwa kukagqirha, ukuthatha imishanguzo eyandisa ukwanda kwe-immunity ayinakusebenza kuphela, kodwa inobungozi. Okokuqala, thabatha uphando kwaye wenze i-immunogram ebonisa ubukho kunye nesimo se-immunodeficiency.
Ukunciphisa okuqhubekayo okanye ukulahlekelwa ngumzimba (i-alimphocytosis, i-AIDS, njl.
Ngenxa yokungabikho okanye ukungabikho kweso sikwazi ukuvelisa izifo zengqungquthela, isistim somzimba siphelile okanye siphelile ukusebenza. Uphulo lwenzeka:
- izifo zesifo sokuzalwa okanye izifo, xa isistim somzimba sokuqala sokuvelisa i-antibodies;
- ngexesha lokugula okubangelwa ukutya ixesha elide le-antibiotics;
- xa i-AIDS, xa ukukhuselwa komzimba kupheleka ngenxa yentsholongwane kaGawulayo eye yanda kwiiseli zamasosha omzimba, ezibulala i-antibody. I-immune system ayikwazi ukuyikhupha (iintsholongwane ze-immune zentsholongwane ziqala ukuvelisa) kwaye zihluleka.
Ezi ziimeko xa ukukhuseleka kwe "mkhuseli" kuguqukela kuba "udlame". Ngomzimba, amajoni omzimba ayenzi kakuhle kwaye angenakulungeleka ukuphendula kwisimo esilungileyo: uboya, i-fluff, i-pollen, njl., Kunye ne-asthma bayasebenza kwi-bronchi kunye nemiphunga, kubangela ukuphazamiseka nokuphefumla nzima.
Kubalulekile . Umsebenzi ogqithiseleyo wamaseli omzimba wenziwa kuphela ngexesha lokuhlaselwa okanye ukudibanisa ne-allergen, ngoko kungabikho komzimba okanye i-asthma akusisizathu sokucinga ukuba akukho mfuneko yokwandisa umkhuhlane. Hayi, elowo kuthi lithinteka kwiqanda kunye nezifo.
Yintoni oyenzayo . Emva kokuvavanya, faka i-allergen. Phuza i-antihistamines echanekileyo ekunciphiseni iimpawu zokugula, kwaye ugweme ukudibanisa ne-allergen. Nge-asthma, ukufunyanwa komzimba kuyadingeka ukususa i-asthma.
IQLUBELO LE-3: UKUQALA IMISEBENZI
Umsebenzi oyintloko wamasosha omzimba kukukwazi ukwahlukanisa "owakhe" ukusuka "komnye". Ukuba iphukile, iingxaki zempilo ezinzima zivela. Xa, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, iiseli ezikhuselayo, endaweni yokuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane kunye nokusuleleka, ziqala ukutshabalalisa iiseli emzimbeni wazo, izifo ezizimelayo zenzeke.
Kubalulekile . Iinjongo zinokuba nayiphi na isisu - isifuba, isibindi, isisu, ingqondo, ukuphefumula kunye neliso. Izifo ezizimela ngokuzenzekelayo (i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-lupus erythematosus, umonakalo we-thyroid, njl.) Ayinakuphulukiswa, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa umonakalo owonakalisayo.
Yintoni oyenzayo . Ukuququzelela inkqubo yesi sifo, iingcali zincoma ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezixhasayo zokuzikhusela ezikhuselekileyo (ngokutsho komyalelo kunye nokulawulwa ngugqirha).