Ngaba unina onomnakekeli unokutshintshela umkhuhlane wakhe kumntwana?
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka. Ukuba umama wayegula ngenxa yokusulelwa ngumntwana okanye ugonywe ngokumelene nawo, umzimba wakhe "uphazamise" izikhusela ezikhuselekileyo, ezidlula umntwana kunye nobisi. Yingakho imasel, i-rubella, inkukhu kubantwana ukuya kwisiqingatha ezili-12. Emva koko umzimba "wokuqalisa" unciphisa. Lapha uze uhlangule izitofu. Kungcono ukuqala ukugonywa ngaphambi kokuba unqunywe i-crumb - isuka esifubeni.
Ngaba ndiyakwenza iigonya ezininzi ngexesha elinye?
Ewe, kwaye kule njongo kukho izitofu ezizodwa ezichanekileyo, umzekelo, i-LKDS. Ziqulethe izixhobo ezininzi ezichasene nezifo ezingafaniyo "ezingaqhubi" kunye (iitheyibhile ezizodwa ziye zaphuhliswa ukuvavanya ukuhambelana kwezigonyo). Ukugonywa ngexesha elifanayo kuba kuhle kuba alimazi umntwana ngeengxube ezingadingekile. Akudingeki ukuba uvakashele iklinikhi izikhathi ezili-10, apho kulula ukuyithatha, umzekelo, i-ARVI.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukutshintsha amalungiselelo ngexesha lokugonywa?
Ukususela kwisifo esifanayo, izitofu ezininzi ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo zinokufumaneka ngokukhawuleza. Ezinye ziphumelela ngakumbi, kodwa ngokungaqhelekanga zingenzi nemiphumo, ezinye zikhuselekile, kodwa zibiza kakhulu. Ukuba isitofu singatholakali kwiklinikhi, ngokuqhelekileyo kunokutshintshwa iigciwane ezichitshintshiweyo malunga ne-diphtheria, i-tetanus kunye ne-pertussis, iphila kunye ne-poliomyelitis engasebenziyo, izitofu ezahlukeneyo malunga nesifo se-hepatitis A kunye ne-B. Ukufakelwa kwakhona kwezitofu eziphilayo akufunanga isicelo esifanelekileyo esinye elifana neziyobisi. Zonke i-X kunye ne-B - izitofu ezikhutshwe ilayisenisi eRashiya ziyafakwa endaweni.
Kutheni kukho izigulana eziliqela ezifanayo?
Iimpawu ezininzi zokugonywa zifunekayo ukudala ukukhusela isigxina kwizifo ezithile. Ukugonywa kwi-diphtheria, i-pertussis, i-tetanus, i-poliomyelitis, i-hepatitis B eyenziwa kwiinqanaba eziliqela ngeentsuku ezingama-45. Kodwa ukusuka kumasisi, emathunjini okanye ngesifo sofuba, ukugonya omnye kunelungelo lokukhusela umkhuhlane kwiminyaka ezayo (i-booster vaccination iyenzeka yonke iminyaka engama-6-7).
Ingaba umntwana ogonywayo angagula?
Kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa kunokwenzeka. Izizathu zezi zinto zininzi, zivela kwisitoreji esifanelekileyo sokugonya kwaye ziphelisa iimpawu zomzimba ngamnye. Ukusebenza kwe-vaccine kunokuchaphazela ubudala bomntwana, kunye nesimo sesondlo, kunye nemozulu yendawo apho umntwana ehlala khona. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhambelana nekhalenda yeigonyana okanye ishedyuli yomntu ngamnye ogonywe ngumgqirha, kungekhona ukuzisa ii-lures ezintsha ngexesha lokugonywa rhoqo kunye nokugatya ezinye "iimvavanyo" phezu komntwana: uhambo oluya elwandle, ukucoca, njl njl. inxulumene nomngcipheko wengane, ugqirha unokuqikelela ngokujonga kwikhadi lezokwelapha. Ukuxilongwa kwe-Post-vaccination kungenzeka ukuba umntwana: ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yokunyanga, ukujonga i-convulsive syndrome kunye nezinye iintsholongwane zenkqubo ye-nervous; kukho i-allergies, i-atopic dermatitis kunye njalo; U-ARVI ongapheliyo unyaka wonke, isikolo sesifo sifanele kwaye kungekudala
Uhamba nge;
kukho izifo ezingapheliyo; kwakukho "ukungalunganga" kwiimpembelelo zangaphambili. Ngako oko, nangaphambi kokuba ugonywa luqale, abazali kufuneka bavunyelwe kungekhona kuphela ngabagqirha bezingane, kodwa nakwezinye iingcali, ngokukodwa i-neurologist, ngokufanelekileyo umfutho we-immunologist kufuneka afumane isigqibo sokugonywa emva kokuhlolwa okubanzi (kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunye nokuhlolwa komchamo).
Ziziphi iimpendulo ezenzekayo ekugonyeni?
Ukugonywa kukungena kumzimba wento engavamile, ongaphandle. Nangona umntwana ekhulile ngaphandle, kukho umzabalazo onzima emzimbeni wakhe-ngokwawo uzuzisa, kuba ekuhambeni kwalo ukukhuseleka kuveliswa. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona kunjalo, i-echoes yalo mzabalazo iyavela emacaleni-ke ngoko-ke ngokubanzi kunye neendawo zangasemva zokugonywa ziyakwenzeka. Okokuqala kubandakanya umkhuhlane, i-malaise, intloko, ukunciphisa ukutya; okwesibini - obomvu kunye nokunyameka kwezicubu, ukudibanisa kwisayithi ye-injection, ukuvuvukala kwee-lymph nodes eziseduze. Yonke le mpendulo, njengomthetho, iphela. Ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kubambezelekile - ukushisa kugcina, ukuvuvukala akuyi kuhlahlela - ungathetha malunga nokuxilongwa kwe-post-vaccination, udinga ukubonisana nodokotela. Iingxaki zidla ngokudibana nesifo esifanayo. Inyaniso kukuba isitofu sokugonywa kwexeshana siyanciphisa isistim somzimba sokuzivikela - "siyaphazamisa" i-pathogen okanye inxalenye yayo, oko kuthetha ukuba umzimba uyaba luncedo ngaphambi kokunye ukusuleleka okufihliweyo ixesha okanye kubonakala. Kodwa kule meko, ukugonywa akusiyo imbangela, kodwa umqathango, ofanayo, umzekelo, u-hypothermia okanye uxinzelelo.
Ziziphi iimpendulo ezibi kakhulu?
Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yindlela echaphazelekayo yokuziphendulela kumacandelo okugonya. Yingakho iintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kweentsuku ezintathu emva kokugonywa kunconywa ukunika umntwana i-antihistamines. Ukunyuka kokushisa komzimba kunye nokucasula kwisayithi yejoza kuyinto eqhelekileyo (kunye neqhelekileyo). Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba iziphumo zecala ezinokwenzeka ziya kwenzeka, kodwa ngenxa yokugonywa umntwana uza kuba nokukhusela okunamandla ebomini. Ukuba unqabile ukugonya, ubeka umngcipheko obaluleke kakhulu-impilo yomntwana kunye nobomi bakhe. Enyanisweni, nayiphi na igciwane kufuneka ilungiswe ngokucokisekileyo: umntwana akafanele agula nangona i-ARI ubuncinane ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba anikwe ijoyi, akanakugonywa malunga nemeko yezixinzelelo, njl. Ukuba umntwana unenkathazo zempilo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uthathe inxaxheba ugqirha ukuba akhethe phakathi kwezigulane zokugonya. Ukuya kwinqanaba labantwana, owaziyo iimpawu zomntwana wakho, unokunikela umngeni wesikhashana, umvuzo wokugonywa, kodwa akukho. Musa ukuthatha ngokungathandekiyo amabali ahlaselayo malunga nezitofu ezinobungozi, ezizaliswe ngamaqonga omzali. Umcebisi wakho kuphela ugqirha ojongene nempilo yengane. Kwaye kunye nengqondo yakho.
Kuphi na ukusukela nini kubantwana?
Ishedyuli yesigonyo sokukhusela sakha ishedyuli elandelayo.
Iiyure ezili-12 - ukugonywa kokuqala: i-hepatitis B.
Umhla wesi-3 ukuya ku-7 - ugonyo: isifo sofuba.
Inyanga yesibini-yesibini yokugonya: i-hepatitis B.
Iinyanga ezi-3 - ukugonywa kokuqala: i-diphtheria, ukukhwehlela, i-tetanus, i-poliomyelitis.
Iinyanga ezi-4,5 - isitofu sesibini: i-diphtheria, ukukhwehlela, i-tetanus, i-poliomyelitis.
Iinyanga ezili-6 - isitofu sesithathu: i-diphtheria, i-pertussis, i-tetanus, i-poliomyelitis; isitofu sesithathu: i-hepatitis B.
Iinyanga ezili-12 - ukugonywa kokuqala: imasisi, i-mumps, i-rubella,
Iinyanga ezili-18 - i-revaccination yokuqala: i-diphtheria, ukukhwehlela, i-tetanus, i-poliomyelitis.
Iinyanga ezingama-20-yesibini revaccination: poliomyelitis. Kule miqathango yokukhusela, isifo sofuba sinyanzelekile; Abazali abavumi ukuba babuze ukuba bayayivuma yini: umntwana ukhutshwa esibhedlele kuphela emva kokufakwa kwesigontsho esifanelekileyo - i-BCG.
Into entsha
Abaphathi bezilwanyana zaseRussia baxhasa ukufakwa kwezigodlo ezintsha kwiShedyuli kaZwelonke yokuNyuswa: Kusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-pneumococcal, ukusuka kwi-Hib isifo sosuleleko nakwi-inkukhu. Usuleleko lwe-pneumococcal lubangela zombini i-otitis ne-sinusitis, nezifo ezibi-i-pneumonia, i-meningitis, i-sepsis. I-pneumococcus inobungozi ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci ngenxa yezinto ezikhethileyo zesakhiwo salo bhakteriyo: iqulethi ye-polysaccharide eqinile, apho amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba omntwana akakwazi ukujamelana nayo, i-pneumococcus iguqukela ngokukhawuleza kwaye ilahlekelwe ngumzwelo kwi-antibiotics. Ngenxa yokunyuka kwamanyathelo okunyanga ukuphathwa kwesi sifo kunzima konyaka. Kulula kakhulu ukukhusela. " E-US kunye namazwe amaninzi eYurophu, oku kugonywa kufakwe kwiikhalenda zesizwe iminyaka emininzi. Uhlobo lwe-Hemophilus luhlobo lwe-B (ukusuleleka kwe-Hib) yintsebenziswano eqhelekileyo yezifo ezinzima [i-meningitis, i-pneumonia], ikakhulu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithandathu ubudala. I-WHO ikhuthaza ukuba kufakwe ukukhutshwa kwe-Hib kwiikhalenda zesizwe kuwo onke amazwe. Isilwanyana semfuyo sibhekwa njengesifo esibuhlungu sabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, bambalwa abantu bayazi ukuba i-"pouckenpox" enomdla kakhulu ingabangela iingxaki ezinzulu - ukuvuvukala kweembrane zengqondo. Ukugula kobuntwana kunzima kakhulu ukunyamezelwa ngabantu abadala abaye bengenalo (ukukhuselwa kwintsholongwane yenkukhu idluliselwe kuyo yonke imihla). Ngako oko, kungcono ukukhusela umntwana kunye nomntu omdala onkukhukhukazi ongekho ebuntwaneni. Ngokukodwa ukususela ekubeni isitofu siyagqithiselwa kalula kwaye kungekho miphumo.