Kwaye kwinqanaba leelwimi kweli lizwe kukho ummeli egameni lomyeni nomfazi. Kukholelwa ukuba indoda yaseJapan ihleli ngaphandle kwendlu, kwaye ibhinqa elisendlwini, eboniswa kwiibinzana "indoda engaphandle, ibhinqa elingaphakathi." Kodwa kwiminyaka yamuva, ubudlelwane phakathi kwendoda nomfazi beye batshintsha kakhulu kwiJapan.
Njengoko kwakungaphambili
Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, indoda yaseJapan yayimiselwe imisebenzi emininzi yoluntu kunowesifazane. Indoda yaseJapan ibandakanyeka kuluntu olukhulu-kumaqela aqeqeshekileyo, kwiintsapho, apho afikelela kuyo indawo engcono kwi-hierarchy. Indawo yowesifazane inendlu. Kodwa ukusasazwa kwezinto akuthethi u-patriarchy, oqhelekileyo, umzekelo, eChina. Kwiintsapho ezininzi ilifa lepropati lihamba kunye nomfazi. Kwaye ukuba le ndoda yayisona sikhulu kwisixeko, ummandla okanye ubuncinci kwi-shishini, ke lona mfazi wayeyintloko kule ndlu.
Phakathi kwendoda nomfazi waseJapan kangangeminyaka emininzi kwakukho ukwahlula ngokucacileyo kwimiba yempembelelo. Uyinkosi yehlabathi, uyinkosikazi yendlu. Kwakungekho mbuzo nawuphi na ukwahlukana koxanduva kumanye amanqanaba. Umfazi wayengenalo ilungelo lokuphazamisa kwimicimbi yomlingane, kwaye umyeni wayengenalo ilungelo lokuvota endlwini kunye nakwabiwa kwezemali. Kwaye oko kwakungekho kumntu ukwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya - ukucoceka, ukupheka okanye ukuhlamba.
Umtshato waseJapan uye wahlula iindidi ezimbini - umtshato wesivumelwano kunye nomtshato wothando. Umtshato wokuqala wawugqitywa zizihlobo zabasandul 'ukutshata, umtshato wesibini unokuthi wenziwe kuphela xa indoda kunye nelo bhinqa benqaba ukuvuma ukhetho lwabazali. Kuze kube ngama-1950, imitshato yomtshato yaseJapane yayingaphaya kathathu inani lemitshato yothando.
Njani ngoku?
Iinkqubo zokubandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kwabasetyhini ebomini babantu ziye zachaphazela neJapan. Kuphela ukuphuhliswa kokulingana phakathi kwesini kunesimo saloqobo, ngokungafaniyo neYurophu.
Kwimeko eninzi, olu phuhliso luchukumise intsapho kunye nomtshato, umgangatho wobudlelwane bomntu. Inkundla yomsebenzi ihamba ngokutshintsha kakhulu.
Lo mfazi wayenethuba lokusebenza kwaye afikelele ezikhundleni eziphambili kwiinkampani. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenzela ukwakha umsebenzi, isiJapane sisadinga umgudu ongaphezu kweJapan. Ngokomzekelo, akukho nkqubo yoqinisekiso lwezentlalo kubafazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa nangemva kokubeletha. Ikhefu lokubeletha lingalimaza kakhulu umsebenzi wamabhinqa, kwaye akasoze avunyelwa emva kwekhefu elide kwisithuba esifanayo. Emva kokubeletha umntwana, ibhinqa liya kufuneka liqalise umsebenzi ukususela kwi-zero, nangona eyenzayo kwinkampani enye.
Ukungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalakahle kuye kwabangela ukwanda okwenziwe kwedwa. Kuphela eYurophu naseRashiya, abantu baqala ukuphepha umtshato osemthethweni kwaye bakhetha ukuhlala ngaphandle komlingane. Ulwalamano olutsha phakathi kwendoda nomfazi waseJapan unomlinganiselo ofanayo: umnqweno wokuhlala wedwa kunye nendlela yokuphila yobomi. Amadoda ayengenomdla wokutshata nomfundi, ngenxa yokuba abanako ukujongana nendlu. Ibhinqa ayifuni ukumthembisa umntu oya kunyamekela indlu kunye nomntwana, ukuba akaqinisekanga ukuba ufuna ukuyeka lo msebenzi.
Kodwa emva kokufumana ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo kwimbono yendalo, abafazi baseJapan nabaseJapan baqala ukutshata ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yothando. Ukususela kuma-1950, inani lemitshato yothando luye landa kakhulu, kwaye ngama-1990 aphindwe amahlanu angaphezu kwezi zivumelwano. Xa ucingisisa umba womtshato wesivumelwano, izalamane kunye nabazali bomtshakazi nomyeni baqala ukuhlawula ingqalelo kwiingcamango zabathengayo. Ukuba indoda nomfazi abathandani, okanye omnye wabo uthandana nomnye, umtshato onjalo awukho, kwaye banelungelo lokukhetha ukuba ngubani omele akhiwe intsapho.
Kuya kuba njani?
Ukuba ezinye iimbono malunga nolwalamano phakathi kwendoda nomfazi ziya kutshintsha ukusuka kwendabuko ukuya kwi-liberal, ngoko iJapan ilinde zonke izinto ezifanayo ezikhoyo eYurophu nase-US. Umyinge womtshato uya kunyuka, inani labantwana kwintsapho liya kuncipha, izinga lokuzalwa liya kuncipha. Emva koko, ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokutshata, abaninzi abafazi baya kuzama ukwakha umsebenzi kunye nokukhusela ikamva.
Kwaye iJapan inebala layo ekhethekileyo kunye nenkcubeko yalo, enokuchaphazela indlela ubuhlobo phakathi kwendoda nomfazi kuza kuba kwixesha elizayo. Ngokomzekelo, kunzima ukucinga ukuba usapho olulinganayo luyaziwa kulo lizwe, njengoko kuYurophu. Intsapho yokulinganisa - yile enye engekho ukwahlula ngokucacileyo kwemisebenzi phakathi kwendoda nomfazi. Ibhinqa liyakwazi ukufumana ubomi xa umntu ehlala ekhaya kunye nabantwana, ngoko batshintsha iindima. Ubukhokeli ekhitshini, ebhedini okanye ekuboneleleni kweentsapho ezivela kumyeni ukuya kumfazi, emva koko. Inokwenzeka ukuba, iJapane iya kuqhubeka nokulungelelaniswa ngoku kwintsapho apho bobabini bomtshato basebenza khona. Umfazi uya kusebenza ngaphezu kokusebenza ekhaya, kwaye loo ndoda iya kuhlala "yinqwelo emininzi endlwini," njengenye yeeyeroglyphs ibonisa ukuba, indoda leyo endlwini akufanele yenze into, iphazamise kwaye idideke phantsi kweenyawo zomfazi wayo.