Ukusungulwa kobazali kuyisifundo sezokwelapha, iziphumo ezivumela ukuba sigqibe ukuba ngaba lo mntu ungumntwana wobomi bomntwana.
Ubekwa njani umzali?
Okokuqala, bazama ukukhuphela ukuba kungenzeka ukuba lo mntu unguyise wobomi bomntwana. Ngenxa yoko, uhlalutyo lwenziwe ngegazi lomntwana, unina kunye noyise osolwayo.
Uhlalutyo lwempawu zeqela legazi
Iqela legazi (A, B, AB okanye i-O) kunye neRhesus yexabiso lizuze ilifa ngokwemodeli eqinile. Ngako oko, kwezinye iimeko, i-biological paternity ingabandakanywa isekelwe kwimiphumo yokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukongezelela, kungekhona kuphela iqela legazi kunye neR Rh factor, kodwa nezinye iipropati ezibonakalayo zeqela legazi.
Ekugqibeleni, ukufundwa kwe-erythrocytes, i-enzyme kunye neeprotheni ezininzi ezijikelezayo kwi-plasma yegazi nazo zenzeka ngokugcinwa kweziganeko ezithile. Xa kusekwa ubuntwaba, ukungafani komntu kwi-DNA kuhlolwa kwakhona. Okubaluleke ngakumbi kubaluleke kakhulu iipropati ze-leukocytes, ezizuze ilifa. Umbhobho wawungowokubakho kwi-leukocytes kwakunokwenzeka ukuseka ubukho bama-antigen athile kubalulekile kwi-system immune system.
Ukuthelekisa ii-antigens ze-leukocytes zomama noyise, kunokwenzeka ukucacisa iinkcukacha ezikhoyo. Le ndlela yophando iyanzima kakhulu. Ikuvumela ukuba ufumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo kunokuba ufunde amaqela egazi. Xa kusekwa izibonda, iikromosomes zezigulane zifaniswa (usebenzisa imigangatho ebizwa ngokuthi i-allelic ladders). Kule meko, ikhowudi yemfuza yama-chromosomes inikeza ulwazi oluchanekileyo.
Ukugqiba ixesha lokukhulelwa
Ulwazi olongezelelweyo lunokufumaneka xa uqikelela ixesha lokukhulelwa. Kule meko, ukuvavanya kwexesha lokunyamezela kunye nesigaba sokuphuhliswa kwefestile kuzama ukuseka umhla wokukhulelwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokunokwenzeka. Ngaloo ndlela, i-criterion eyongezelelweyo (kodwa engapheliyo) itholakala.
Ikhono lokutshala
Kakade ke, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela amandla omntu ukuba atyule. Ukunyaniseka kweendlela zokuseka ukusetyenziswa kwendlela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela zenza kube nzima ukukhupha ngaphandle kweso sithuba saloo ntombi. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yesiphumo sokuvavanya, impendulo kwisicelo ibonisa ukuba ubukho bentaba bukhona. Ngaloo ndlela, amathuba okuba ngumzali athathwe ngokusekelwe kwiindlela zokubala. Kungekudala, oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kubalwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ububele bomntu buyakwazi ukubonakalisa.
Uvavanyo lwe-Anthropological of heredity
Namhlanje, ekusungulweni kwentsapho, le ndlela yophando ilahlekelwe yintsimi yayo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu. Umgaqo wale ndlela uthelekisa idatha yangaphandle, umzekelo, amehlo, umbala weenwele, umlo wesimo.
Uhlalutyo lwelifa lamaqela egazi le-ABO
Iqela legazi (A, B, AB okanye i-O) lifa ngelifa. Kukho ukuhlanganisana ezintlanu kwamaqela egazi ka-unina-ntombi, ebusweni apho umntwana engenako ukuqinisekiswa ukuba le ndoda ayilona uyise. Emva koko kukho imfuneko yezinye iindlela zokuseka umtshato.
Uvavanyo lwegazi:
Eyokuqala yintetho yoluhlobo lwegazi
Okwesibini - iiplasma zeplasma ezizimeleyo
Okwesithathu - Inkqubo ye-enzyme enefa
Iine-antigens ze-Leukocytes
Okwesibini - umzuzu wokukhulelwa, ukubala kwezinto eziphilayo ze-biological-calculation of the potential of parenthood, uvavanyo lwe-anthropological of the characteristics of heritage, the ability to fertilize.