Sisebenzisa ukuchukumiseka, sijonge indlela abantwana bethu abafunda ngayo ukuthetha. Kodwa ke bambalwa abasazi ukuba le minyaka yokubethayo iyimfuneko ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhlisweni komntwana, ongenakucholwa. Ukuchaneka njani ukukhulisa intetho kumntwana? Yintoni endimele ndiyiqwalasele ngokukhethekileyo, kwaye yintoni umgaqo "wendalo uza kunceda"? Yaye ndifanele nini ukuya kwingcali kuncedo? Izimpendulo kuzo zonke le mibuzo zinikwe ngezantsi.
Ulwimi kunye nentetho - oku kukuqala kwayo yonke into ehlula thina, abantu, kwizilwanyana. Sino-"system signal", apho singadlulela ngolwazi komnye nomnye. Inkqubo ye-alamu ibonakala kuphela kwinkqubo yokunxibelelana komntwana nabanye abantu. Eyona nto iphucula ngayo le nkqubo, ngakumbi xa sivuselela amandla okuthetha kuyo, iyakwazi ukukhula ngakumbi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, umntwana ngamnye unesantya esithile sokufunda ulwimi, kodwa imigaqo ekhoyo ikhona. Ulwazi lwabo luyakunceda ukuba ungaphuthelwa kwintsimbi ekhoyo kwaye ngexesha lokulila i-alamu.
UKUSUKA 1 KUMNYAKA WONYAKA
Yintoni onokuyenza umntwana?
• Uyazi igama lakhe, kunye namagama abantu abasondeleyo kunye nezilwane ezifuywayo.
• Isigama sakhe sele sisamazwi angama-30-40.
• Uqala ukuqonda amagama anzima kakhulu, ukuwabiza ngelixa eguqulelwe abantwana bakhe (ikati - "kisya" okanye "ks-ks", ugogo-"baba", inja - "kufa", njl.).
• Ukwazi izenzi ezininzi kwaye azisebenzise.
• Uyiqonda into eninzi ayenayo (nangona engakathethi).
• Unokwenza izicelo ezilula ("zenze iipenties", "thatha i-bunny" ...).
• Ngonyaka kunye nesiqingatha, kukho ukugquma okubukhali ekuphuhlisweni kwentetho: umntwana angakwazi ukuthetha ngokuthe ngentshiseko, nokuba wayethule okanye engathethi.
Indlela yokuziphatha kubazali?
• Ungalokothi umlingise umntwana ngokukhupha amagama emva kwakhe, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, umlungiselele ngokungaqondakaliyo, ngexesha ngalinye elibiza igama ngokuchanekileyo.
• Thetha umntwana rhoqo ngangokunokwenzeka, hamba zonke iintetho zakho nezenzo zakhe ngentetho.
• Ngomonde uphendule yonke imibuzo, umzekelo, "Yintoni na le nto?", Oko umntwana ngokukhawuleza aqala "ukulala".
KWI SHEDYULI KUYA KUMINYAKA emithathu
Yintoni onokuyenza umntwana?
• Unesigama samazwi ka-1000-1500.
• Ukuqonda intsingiselo yeziphakamiso ezilula.
• Ngeminyaka emithathu usebenzisa zonke iindawo zentetho kwaye ade enze izenzi ngexesha elidlulileyo.
• Akusebenzi nje kuphela, kodwa kunye neengcamango eziqhelekileyo (umdlalo, ithamncwa, ukutya, njl).
• Uyazi ixesha losuku (kusasa, imini).
• Ukubuza imibuzo "Kuphi?", "Kuphi?", "Kuphi?", Kwaye ngeminyaka emithathu umbuzo oyintloko "Kutheni?" (Oku kuthetha isigaba esitsha kwingqondo yakhe yentuthuko).
• Utsho izivakalisi ezimfutshane (ngamagama amabini okanye amathathu).
• Unokwazi ukuthetha ngeengcamango zakhe kunye nemibono.
Indlela yokuziphatha kubazali?
• Kukholelwa ukuba ngaphambili umntwana uqala ukubuza esithi "Kutheni?", Okubaluleke ngakumbi ekuphuhliseni kwengqondo, kamva, ngokucacileyo kukulibazisa. Ukuba iminyaka emithathu engayi kubuza lo mbuzo, kuyimfuneko ukuvuselela umdla wakhe kwihlabathi elikujikelezayo kwaye uzibuze yona: "Kutheni na? Kwaye kutheni na? "- uphendule ngokwakho.
• Xoxa ngezinto ozibonayo rhoqo kwi-TV, kwiTV.
• Qinisekisa ukuba udlala kunye nomntwana (kwiikhabhi, iimboniso zemidlalo, isibhedlele, ukufihla kwaye ufuna ...).
• Ukuphonononga nokuxoxa ngemifanekiso nomntwana wakho.
• Funda iingoma kunye naye.
• Njalo fundela kuye ngokuvakalayo ngaphambi kokuba ulale - ngokugqwesileyo kuzo zonke iindalwazi (kwaye uhlale uxoxa ngamaqhawe).
UKUTHUTHUKWA KWAMANDLA, UYAZI ULWIMI
Wonke umntu ukhumbula incwadi kaK. Chukovsky ethi "Ukususela ezimbini ukuya ezintlanu", apho umbhali onothando olukhulu ahlalutya intetho yabantwana kunye nokwenza amagama ngamazwi - ixesha apho bonke abantwana badlula kulo nyaka. Le ncwadi iqulethe iziphumo zalo msebenzi: ngamazwi ahlekisayo ahlasele abantwana ngokukhawuleza. "Pahnota" esikhundleni sokuthi "phunga", "gxuma" esikhundleni sokuba "gxuma", "Ndiyakuthanda" esikhundleni sokuba "Ndiyakuthanda", "ezi zibhotshi zikhulu, kwaye ezi - ezincinci" kunokuba "zincinci", "kunceda" kunokuba "uncede" . Ukwahluke "okukrakra", "ukuqonda", amagama omlomo we-clamshell - "amabhanana", "ikaronaronya", "ukuthanda", njl njl. Ukuveliswa kokungabikho kolwimi, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo elenziwe ngqiqo ecacileyo yamagama, kubonisa ukuba umntwana ufunde isakhiwo kunye ne-algorithm yolwimi kakuhle kangangokuthi idibanisa ngokukhululekileyo iiyunithi zolwimi. Ngokubhekiselele kwingozi okanye ingozi yokwenza amagama ngamazwi "kwimizuzu emibili ukuya kweyantlanu," akufanele ukhathazeke: ukuba intsapho (kunye nommandla womntwana ngokubanzi) uthetha ngokufanelekileyo, umntwana uzakufumana ngokukhawuleza ukuba yeyiphi amagama ekushiya ubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla, kwaye ngaphandle kokuzisola kwi nxalenye.
UKUSUKA KWEQALA LOKUQALA KUNYE NOKWENZA NGOKWENKQUBO
Inyanga e-1 - ikhangele ngenyameko ebusweni bombuso (xa ulambile, unxilise i-diapers yakho, isisu sakho sibuhlungu, njl.)
Iinyanga ezi-2 - ukupapasha izandi zomsindo uphendule unyango, uqala ukumomotheka
Iinyanga ezi-3 - "ukuvuselela ubunzima": xa ekubhekiselele kuye, umntwana uyamamatheka, uqala ukuhambisa izandla kunye nemilenze ngokungaqhelekanga.
Iinyanga ezi-4 - ukuhleka ngokukhawuleza, ukuba badlala naye ekhala ngeinyembezi, xa kukho into ephosakeleyo okanye engafuni; yenza izandi "aga", "argy", "ega", njl njl.
Iinyanga ezi-5 - "uhlabelela": ushicilela izandi ezityhila zokuphakama kunye nobude obude, uphendule intloko yakhe kwizwi
Iinyanga ezili-6 - ukugqitywa kunye no-lisp (uqala ukuthetha iilllab "ba-ba-ba", "yebo-da-da", "na-na-na" njl.), Uqala ukuqonda amagama athile ("kunika", "thabatha" , "Phonsa", "apho", njl.).
Iinyanga ezili-7 - ukudlala kwi "ladushki"
Iinyanga ezili-8 - ukubethela okusebenzayo
Iinyanga ezili-9 - uphinda izandi kubantu abadala ("Yum-yum", "kys-kys").
Iinyanga ezili-10 - ixelisa izandi kunye namazwi
Iinyanga ezili-11 - zitsho i-blabb (amaza aneepeni, ithi "ngoku"), uyayazi umbuzo othi "Kuphi?", Ukuvakalisa amagama alula ngokutsho kweelwimi: "umama", "utata" "unike", njl njl.
Iinyanga ezili-12 - zingabhengeza amagama angama-8-10
ABANTU BENZA
Amanyathelo okubunjwa nokuphuhliswa kwentetho kumntwana odweliswe apha ngasentla kufuneka athathwe ngokukhawuleza. Kulo mbandela, ukhetho lunokwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, ngenxa yesifundo esenziwe phakathi kwabantwana abaneminyaka engama-nye (kungekhona ingqondo engapheliyo kunye neengxaki zee geek), kwacaca ukuba isichazi-magama esincinci somntwana kule minyaka ingaba ngamazwi angama-4 kuphela, kwaye ubuninzi - 232! Abanye abantwana bathi amagama okuqala kwiinyanga ezili-10, kwaye ngonyaka baya kutshintshwa kwiziphakamiso. Abanye baqhubeka "bathule" malunga neminyaka emibini, bekhupha ngamagama aqalayo, baze babonakale beqhekeza: baqala ukuthetha kakhulu kwaye bahluke, ngokukhawuleza ukuguqulela isitokethi sabo esingenayo impahla. Ezi zimbini zikhethi ziqhelekileyo, kodwa ngezinye iimeko, abazali kufuneka babe nexhala kwaye bathethe intetho yomlomo:
• Ukuba umntwana akakwazi ukuthetha yonke into (umzekelo, ayithethi ukudibanisa iilwimi kunye namaqononti) kwaye ubeka ngaphaya kweontanga (ngaphandle kweintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha eziqhelekileyo zikhula nge-lag yeenyanga ezi-1-2);
• Ukuba umntwana emva kweminyaka emibili eqhubeka ehlala kwisigaba senkulumo yokuzimela (ukubethelwa kwabantwana), udibanisa amacala kunye nenani, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukukhangela ugqirha-kunokwenzeka, unokuphambuka, othiwa ngu-alalia;
• Ukuba umntwana uyaqhubeka nokuphucula ulwimi ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-5-6, oku kukhankanya i-dyspraxia (i-hypoplasia ye-audience hearing), efuna unyango.
INKCAZELO YOMFAKATHI:
UTamara Timofeevna BURAVKINA, onguchwepheshe weentetho zezingane
Ngokudityanisayo, kwintlalo yanamhlanje ephucukileyo kukho ukuthambekela kokwandisa ukuphambuka kwentuthuko yentetho phakathi kwabantwana. Namhlanje, umntwana ngamnye wesine wexesha lokufunda esikolweni unomgangatho ophuculweyo wokuthetha. Iingcali zibonisa ukuba, ngakwelinye icala, ukuqeshwa kwabazali kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano nomntwana, nangakolunye uhlangothi, ukunciphisa uxhulumaniso oluxhamlayo lwabantu ngokubanzi ngokuthanda ithelevishini kunye ne-intanethi. Esinye isizathu sokukhupha intetho kwintetho kungabakho isixwayiso esiphezulu kubantu abadala. Ukunxibelelana nosana imihla ngemihla, kulula ukufunda ukuqonda konke kunzima ukuqonda amagama. Kodwa ke uya kumnciphisa izikhuthazo zokuphucula intetho yakhe. Okwangoku, kukho inqabileyo (iminyaka engama-3-4), emva koko "inamathela" kwisigaba senkulumo yokuzimela ibe yingozi nje kuphela ekuphuhliseni intetho yengane yakho, kodwa nakulo lonke uphuhliso lwayo. Ukususela ngokuchanekileyo ukuphuhlisa intetho kumntwana, ubeka "isiseko" sokuba uphumelele ubomi obunempumelelo - kukufanelekile ukuthatha oku ngokungangoko kunokwenzeka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlakulela inkcazo yokuthetha, ekufundeni abantwana kubonakaliswa ngemibuzo engapheliyo malunga nehlabathi elisijikelezayo. Ukuba abantu abadala baziphathe kakuhle ngesineke (ukuxubha eceleni abantwana, baphendule ngendlela ye-monosyllabic), abantwana banokuyeka ukubuza imibuzo yabo, kwaye ngoko ke ukuphuculwa kwengqondo yabo kuya kumiswa.