I-Meningococcus yi-microbe eqhelekileyo, kunye nakwihlabathi lonke. Kwamazwe athuthukile, wachazwa yimfazwe engaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo, kwaye isikhali esiphezulu sasisigunyaziso sokugonywa kwabantwana ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-2 ubudala. E-Russia, abazali banokukhusela umntwana kuye kuphela. Iithagethi zePneumococcus ziyi-nasopharynx, indlebe ephakathi kunye nemiphunga. Ngonyaka, le ngqungquthela ibulala abantu abayizigidi ezili-1 000 abantu abayi-800, amawaka angama-800 kubo-abancinci ukuya kwi-2 iminyaka kunye namawaka angama-200-abantwana abasuka kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-5. Usulelo lwe-Infection ludluliselwa ngamaconsi. Iinqwelisi zayo eziphambili ngabantwana abaya kwii-nurseries, i-nursergart kunye nesikolo esiseprayimari. Iibhaktheriya zinokugubungela iminyaka kwaye zivuke ngokungalindelekanga emva koxinzelelo obunzima okanye ukugqithisa, uxinzelelo, ukuxhwaleka okanye ngexesha lokubanda.
Iqela leengozi
Ingongoma enkulu kwi-pneumococcus kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2. Ibhaktiriya ihluke kubalingane bayo kwisakhiwo esikhethekileyo. Inomlenze oqinileyo we-polysaccharide, okuphela kwamaseli omzimba omntu omdala onokujamelana nalo. Ekubeni umntwana omncinci unenkqubo yokukhusela nje iqalisa ukwenza, ayikwazi ukumelana nokuzivikela. Okwesibini, iintsana zixhomekeke kwinqanaba elikhawulezayo lesi sifo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inani alihambeli iintsuku, kodwa ngeeyure.
Imiphumo emibi
I-pneumococcus inokubangela izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, eziyingozi kakhulu kubo-i-pneumonia meningitis kunye ne-sepsis. Ngabo ba tshutshisa abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala. Kwabantwana abadala, ngenxa yephutha le bhaktiriya, i-otitis (ukuvuvukala kwendlebe ephakathi) kunye nesinitis (ukuvuvukala kwezono zempumlo) ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, u-otitis obangelwa yi-pneumococcus phantse ibuye iphinde iphinde iholele ekuvukeleni kwe-purulent. Ezi nkqubo zingakhokelela ekuzaleni ukuthuluba ngokunyanzeliswa kokuthetha nentuthuko yengqondo. Ngenxa yokuba usulelo lwe-pneumococcal luhlala lubanda kwiqanda eliqhelekileyo, kunzima kubazali kunye nabantwana bezilwanyana ukuba baqaphele ngemvelaphi yeempawu eziqhelekileyo: umkhuhlane kunye nokubandayo. Ukwenza uvavanyo oluchanekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukudlulisa uhlalutyo olukhethekileyo, kodwa kwilizwe lethu le miqathango ithathwa kuphela kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu. Enye ingxaki: kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo, le ngqungquthela iye yavelisa ukuchasana okuphezulu kumayeza. Ukuthabatha iziyobisi, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha iintsuku eziliqela.
Iimpawu zomhlaba ezibalulekileyo
Kunzima ukuhlukanisa intsholongwane ye-pneumococcal ebushushu, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho iimpawu eziningana. Makhe sihlolisise amatyala amathathu. I-pneumonia ebangelwa yi-pneumococcus yimbangela ebangela ukufa kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Ezinye iintlobo ze-pneumonia nazo ziyinto engathandekiyo, kodwa le nto ihlala ijoyina umkhuhlane. Bangayihlukana njani na? Ngomkhuhlane okanye kubanda, ukuba umntwana ubanjwe iqondo lokushisa, uyadlala, aqhube, agijime, adle ngesidlo. Ngokusuleleka kwintsholongwane, ulala kakhulu, ulele ixesha elide, uba luvila, unqabe ukutya. Kukho iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa (ukunyuswa kwengxube emzimbeni wee-toxins ezifakela i-microbes): ulusu lomntwana lubonakala lukhuni. Kodwa uphawu olubonakalayo lwe-pneumonia luphefumula, olubonakala ngokukhawuleza, ubuninzi ngosuku lwesi-2. I-Meningitis, ukuvuvukala kweembrane zengqondo, kuphazamisa amancinci amaninzi. Kubantwana abaneminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kweyesi-2 ubudala, esi sifo sivame ukubangelwa yi-pneumococcus kunye nentonga ye-hemophilic, kubantwana abadala - i-meningococcus. I-Meningitis ingaze iphume ngaphandle kokulandelelana, kunye neentlobo zayo ze-pneumococcal zivame ukushiya umntwana ukhubazekile. Iibhaktheriya zanda kuma-meninges, kwaye ekubeni ihlanganisa ingqondo yonke, isilonda sinokuvela naphi na. Ukuba isifo sifinyelela kwiimbono ze-optic, ngesimo esibi kakhulu, ukuphofwa kwenzeka xa indlebe isisithulu. Esinye isiphumo esiqhelekileyo yintlaba yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, ekwazi ukuzibonakalisa iminyaka emininzi emva kwesifo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba abantwana abaye babhekana ne-meningitis ye-pneumococcal basesekudala esikolweni banesifo sokungazinzi, ukungabikho kwengqalelo, kwaye bahluke kwiontanga ekuphumeleleni okuphantsi. Izibonakaliso eziphazamisayo - ukuphulwa kokucaca kobuqili, ukubonakala kwesikhumba, ubukhali, ukubhoboza kunye nokukrakra okukhulu (uphawu lokuba umntwana unentloko ephezulu). Iintsana ezifikelela kwiinyanga ezi-6 zokushisa azinakho, kuba kule minyaka yobudala i-thermoregulation ivela ngokwahlukileyo kunabantu abadala; kubantwana abadala, ngokuqhelekileyo iphakama ibe ngu-40 C. I-Sepsis, ukusuleleka kwe-bacteria yegazi, ngokuqhelekileyo ibangela i-staphylococci kunye ne-streptococci, i-pneumococcus encinane, i-E. coli kunye nezinye izilwanyana. Ukumisa inkqubo, isiphumo esibulalayo asikwazi ukuphetshwa, kodwa esi sifo asiqabile, kwaye kungekhona bonke abantu abasulelekileyo, kulo meko yonke into incike kwiimpawu zomzimba kunye nesistim somzimba. Ubunxila bomzimba, ulusu olubalaphayo lombala womhlaba (grey-yellow).
I-Arth Right
Indlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokukhusela kwisifo se-pneumococcal isifo sokugonywa ngexesha. Ngokufanelekileyo, inoculation yokuqala kufuneka yenziwe ngeenyanga ezimbini. Kukholelwa ukuba ngeli xesha umntwana uyacinywa ngumntu obizwa ngokuthi "ukhuseleko lomama", awamkela ngexesha lokubeleka. Ukufakela i-kid inokwenzeka kwaye kamva, ngoko kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kuya kuncipha ngamaxesha. Ukuba ukhetha icebo "elihle" elinika ukhuseleko oluphezulu, oogqirha baya kugonywa kwizigaba ezimbini: ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-2, umntwana uya kunikwa izigulana ezintathu kwiinyanga ezili-1-1.5, kwaye ngowokugqibela kunyaka wesibini wobomi kwiinyanga ezili-15 okanye ezili-18. Ngaphambi kokugonywa kuyimfuneko ukudlulisa uvavanyo: ukudlula umchamo kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi, ukubonisa umntwana kwinqanaba labantwana kunye neurologist, ukwenzela ukuba ungaphuthelwa zizifo ezingapheliyo, ngenxa yokugonywa kwesigxina. Isitofu sokulwa nokusuleleka kwe-pneumococcal sekhuselekile kwaye ayinakubangela iziphumo zecala, kodwa yonke into ngenxa yokuba ingenakwenziwa, okungukuthi, "inanimate". Ngokwezibalo, ngosuku lokugonywa, ubushushu bukhuphuka kuphela kwi-5-10%, kwaye ukushisa kukhwabaniswa yi-paracetamol. Ukongezelela, esi sitofu sidibene naluphi na ugonyo lwekhalenda kaZwelonke. Isiza lingalawulwa kwintsana ngosuku olufanayo kunye nokugonywa kwe-diphtheria, i-pertussis kunye ne-tetanus (DTT), i-hepatitis B. i-poliomyelitis nezinye izifo. Enye into engenakuphikiswayo yokugonya kukuba ibulala "ibhethri" yokulala. Ukuba ufundisa umntwana omdala, uyayeka ukuba ngumphathiswa.