Ukusilela kwe-iodine
Namhlanje kwihlabathi abantu abangaphezu kwe-1.5 bhiliyoni bahlala kwiimeko zokuntuleka kwe-iodine. Izigidi ezingama-655 zineendleko ezihamba phambili. Izigidi ezingama-43 zengqondo - ukugujwa kwengqondo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-iodine. Ingxaki yokuntuleka kwe-iodine ngokuqinisekileyo iyasebenza kuthi. Siphi na indawo yonk 'indawo sinokusilela kwe-iod emhlabathini nasemanzini. Akwanele ukutya kwendawo. Kukho ukusasazeka kwe-goiter, eyayiminyaka emininzi ithathwa njengomlinganiselo onokwethenjelwa wokuntuleka kwe-iodine. Uphando lwezesayensi olwenziwe kumazwe amaninzi e-Commonwealth, lwabonisa ubungakanani be-iodine ebunzima bokulinganisela.
Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kunempembelelo embi kwimpilo yabantu. Abantwana, abaselula, abafazi abakhulelweyo nabaqhankqalazi bachaphazeleka ngokukodwa. Izifo ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-iodine aziphazamisi kuphela isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi we-thyroid gland. Kodwa zinokukhokelela ekuphuculweni komsebenzi wesondo, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezingabonakaliyo zokukhula, ukukhula kokufa komntwana kunye nokufa komntwana, ukwehla okubonakalayo kwiingcali zeengqondo kunye nezobugcisa beentlanga zonke. Umbuzo uvela - kutheni emzimbeni womntu unako ukungafumaneki kwe-iodine? Isizathu esiyinhloko sisibonelelo esinganeleyo ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophantsi kokutya kunye namanzi. Kodwa kukho ezinye izizathu:
• ukuphulwa kwe-iodine absorption in tractinal tract;
• ukuphulwa kweenkqubo ze-iodine njengendlela yokugaya i-thyroid, ukukhubazeka kwezesifo kwi-biosynthesis ye-hormone ye-thyroid;
• Ukusilela kwimeko kunye nemveliso yokutya yeenombolo ezincinci. Okubalulekileyo kukuba ukungabikho kwe-selenium, i-zinc, i-bromine, ithusi, i-cobalt, i-molybdenum. Kwaye kuninzi i-calcium, i-fluorine, i-chromium, i-manganese;
• ubukho kwimeko ye "zobogenic" izinto ezinokuchaphazela isimo se-thyroid.
Cinga ngako! Umxholo we-iodine emzimbeni womntu kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe lethu akudluli kwi-15-20 mg. Okwangoku, imfuneko yansuku zonke kuyo ivela kwi-100 ukuya ku-200 μg. Nangona kunjalo, ngokukodwa ukutya okune-iodine ezidliwayo kwaye uthathe imithi eline-iodine ayifanele. I-surplus ye-iodine inobungozi njengokonakala kwayo. Ukunyusa okudlulileyo kuku-1000 kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-mcg / imini.
Iziphumo zokuntuleka kwe-iodine kwimpilo yabantu
Isizathu esibalulekileyo sezifo ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-iodine ayinayo i-iodine eyaneleyo kwimo engena kumzimba wabantu kunye nezilwanyana. Iodine ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-microelement kubantu. Inxalenye yimbopheleleko yee-molecules ze-hormone ye-thyroid - thyroxine kunye ne-triiodothyronine. Ukususela ekutya ukuya kumathambo omzimba, iodode ivela ngendlela ye-iodide ye-organic, leyo, ngegazi, ingene kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicubu kwaye iqokelela kwi-thyroid gland. Apha, ukuya kwi-80% ye-iodine equlethwe emzimbeni. Nsuku zonke, i-thyroid gland ifihla i-90-110 μg ye-thyroxine hormone kunye ne-5-10 μg ye-triiodothyronine. Ezi ihomoni zibandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokuxilongwa eziqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi obalulekileyo womzimba womntu. Ziyakuvumela ukuba ulungele ngokukhawuleza ukungena kwe-iodine ephantsi kwimeko. Kodwa ngokusilela okungapheliyo kwe-iodine kukho ukuphulwa kweendlela zokulungelelanisa, ukuhlanganiswa kwama-hormone kunciphisa kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ezikhula emzimbeni.
Igalelo elikhulu ekudalweni kwe-iodine ukulahleka kwamazwe kubangelwa ukusilela kwe-selenium emzimbeni. I-Selenium yincinci kumhlaba wethu, kwaye ngoko kukutya kwendalo. Kubonakala ukuba xa ukudibanisa kwe-iodine kunye ne-selenium kunqongophala kubonakala ukungalingani kwama-hormone. Kukho ukwanda kwe-hypothyroidism. Ukongezelela, ukungabikho kwe-selenium kubangela ukuba i-necrotic, i-fibrotic change in gland.
Uphuhliso lwe-goiter lukhuthazwa ngamachiza athile: i-sulfonamides, inani lamachiza e-antibiotics. Kwaye kunye nezityalo zentsapho yase-cruciferous: i-turnips ephuzi, imbewu yeklabishi, ingqolowa, amaqabunga ama-bamboo, amazambane amnandi kunye nabanye. I-Flavonoids iindawo ezizinzileyo ezifunyenwe kwiziqhamo ezininzi, imifuno, okusanhlamvu: i-millet, iimbotyi, i-peanuts. Iiphenol derivatives, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezolimo njengezinambuzane kunye nezobisi. Izinto ezinobungozi ezinokutsha komsi, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi kwishishini lamalahle.
Kwimiqathango yokuntuleka kwe-iodine engapheliyo, ukuveliswa kwe-hormone yakho ye-thyroxin kunye ne-triiodothyronine iyancipha. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuvalwa kwe-hormone ye-thyrotropic kusebenze, umsebenzi wokukhuthaza i-biosynthesis yama-hormone ayisiseko. I-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulation hormone ikhokelela ekunyuseni kwegciwane le-thyroid. Ngenxa yoko, i-goiter yenziwe, eyayiminyaka emininzi ithathwa njengeyilwanyana echanekileyo yokulingana kwe-iodine. Njengoko ubona, imiphumo yokungabikho kwe-iodine kwimpilo yabantu ibuhlungu gqitha.
Amanyathelo okukhusela ukusilela kwe-iodine
Ngenxa yokuxhaphaka kwezifo ezibangelwa ukusilela kwe-iodine kunye nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwimpilo, ingakumbi abantwana, abaselula kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, uluntu lwehlabathi lujongene nokuphelisa ukungaphazamiseki kwe-iodine emhlabeni. Kwamazwe amaninzi, inkqubo yelizwe yokuphelisa ukulahleka kwe-iodine iye yaphuhliswa. Isiseko sesi sicwangciso, ukubonelela nge-mass prophylaxis, sisekelwe kwii nyaniso eziyaziwayo zempembelelo enetyuwa. IKomiti yamazwe ngamazwe ekuFundweni kweengxaki ze-iodine ukuphazamiseka kwe-ICCIDD icebisa le ndlela yokukhusela njengona nto iphezulu kakhulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwetyuwa e-iodidi yinkalo ephezulu yokuthintela ukusilela kwe-iodine. Sekuninzi iityuwa zityalo zivelisa inani elaneleyo leetyuwa ephezulu ephezulu ephuma kwinethiwekhi yokuthengisa. Iityuwa ezidibeneyo zisetyenziselwa kakhulu kwiindawo zokutya zokutya kunye nokuveliswa kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo: isonka, isobho, i-confectionery. Isicelo sawo ekuveliseni ukutya kwasebantwaneni sele kuqalile.
Ukubeka iliso ukuphumelela kwemisebenzi eqhubekayo, inkqubo yokuphuculwa kwezempilo kunye nezokwelapha iye yaphuhliswa. Amaziko olawulo olusesikweni kunye ne-epidemiological rhoqo aqaphele umxholo we-iodine kwityuwa kwiindawo zoshishino lokutya, kwiziseko, kwiivenkile, kwiindawo zokutya ezikarhulumente, kwizikolo zontanga kunye nezikolo, nakumaziko enyango kunye nokhuseleko. Umxholo we-ididi kwimilinganiselo yokutya yabemi ikwajongwa kwakhona.
Kutheni kutyuwa i-iodidi?
• Iityuwa yiyona yodwa imaminerali eyongezwa ekudleni ngaphandle kokonyango okhethekileyo;
• Iityuwa zisetyenziswe kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko yezoqoqosho kunye noluntu;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwentyatyu kuguquka ngendlela echanekileyo (5-15 g ngosuku) kwaye ayixhomekeke kwixesha, iminyaka, isondo;
• Ngeteknoloji ye-iodization efanelekileyo, akunakwenzeka ukugqithisa iodine kwaye ngoko kubangele nayiphi na ingxaki;
• Ityuwa edibeneyo ayithengi kwaye iyatholakala kubo bonke abantu.
Indlela yokugcina nokusebenzisa ityuwa ye-iodidi
• Iityuwa ezidibeneyo zigcina iimpawu zayo zonyango kwiinyanga ezili-3-4. Ngoko ke, xa uthenga ityuwa, qiniseka ukuba ujonge umhla wokuveliswa kwayo.
• I-iodine iphuphuma kwiityuwa ukuba igcinwe ngokungalunganga (kwizikhuni ezivulekile, kumanzi ophezulu). Kuthetha, ekhayeni ipakethi kunye netyuwa kufuneka ifakwe ngokukhawuleza kwipopu kunye nesigqubuthelo esinyeneyo kwaye ikhuphe kwiiphotile ezibilisayo. Ukuba ityuwa isagqitywa kwiimfucu, kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uyisebenzise. Kodwa oku akuyi kuba yityuwa ye-iodidi, kodwa iqhelekileyo.
• Ngokufudumala, kunye nokupheka komkhiqizo, iodine yetyuwa iya kuphazamiseka. Ngoko ke, ityuwa isitya kunye netyuwa e-iodidi phambi kokukhonza.
• Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa ityuwa e-iodidi xa ukhetha ukhukhamba, iklabishi, amakhowa. Iiplkle ziyakunamathela kwaye zifumane ukunambitheka okukrakra.
Ziziphi iziphumo zomsebenzi oqhubekayo wokuphelisa ukulahleka kwe-iodine? Iziphumo zoqaphelo lwezokwelapha zibonisa i-dynamics efanelekileyo ye-iodine supply. Uphando lu sekelwe kwizifundo ukususela ngo-1999 ukuya ku-2007. Kwiindawo apho isetyu e-iodidi isetyenziswa ngokuthe tye, ubukho bezakhi ze-iodine benyuke ngokususela kwi-47 μg / l ngo-1999 ukuya kwi-174 μg / l ngo-2007. Kwaye oku kuyahambelana neengcebiso ze-World Health Organization.
I-potassium iodide
Ngoko kuthiwa "into elula kakhulu - kwimpilo, ingqondo kunye nokukhula"? Ngokweengcali, i-6 gram yetyuwa ephezulu ididi iqulethe i-iodine imfuneko yansuku zonke. Ngako oko, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kusisombulula ingxaki. Nangona kunjalo, amaqela emngciphekweni (abantwana, abaselula, abakhulelweyo nabasetyhini) bafuna ukunyuka kwamayeza e-iodine. Ziyakhuthazwa ukuba zongeze kwakhona ukutya ukutya okune-iodine. Kwaye kwanamalungiselelo e-iodide ye potassium. Iodidi ye-potassium yinto enhle kakhulu yokuthintela ukusilela kwe-iodine. Kukho iingcebiso zeqela leengcali ze-WHO kunye ne-UNICEF yokusetyenziswa kwe-iodide ye-potassium ngamaqela ahlukeneyo:
• Abantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 - ubuncinane be-90 μg / ngosuku; inqanaba elaneleyo le-iodine-180 mcg / ngosuku.
• Abafazi abakhulelweyo - ubuncinane ama-250 μg / ngosuku; inqanaba elaneleyo lokutya kwe-iodithi ngu-500 mcg / ngosuku.
• Abesetyhini abasetyhini - okungenani ama-250 mcg / ngosuku; inqanaba elaneleyo lokutya kwe-iodithi ngu-500 mcg / ngosuku.
Nangona kunjalo, ungathembeli kwinto yokuba emva kokuthatha iodidi ye-potassium okanye ukusebenzisa ukutya okucebileyo, abantwana baya kukhula ngokukhawuleza baze babe nobuqili. Iyona nto ingeyona iodine kuphela. Ukuba umntwana wakho unenkathazo yophuhliso lwe-psychophysical, ulahla emva koontanga lwakhe ekukhuleni, kwaye kwizifundo "azikho ezaneleyo iinkwenkwezi ezivela esibhakabhakeni" - kuyimfuneko ukuvuma: ukungabikho kwe-iodine apha kukugweba ubuncinci. Kukho nje ezinye izizathu ezibalulekileyo.
Iqondo lokuntuleka kwe-iodine ngoku linokuqikelelwa njengento encinci okanye umda. Ngoko ke, ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo e-iodide ye-potassium (kukuhle ukudibana nogqirha kwangaphambili), akudingeki ukuba uwancedise kunye ne-vitamin complexes ene-iodine. Okanye, ngexesha elifanayo, sincike ekutya okuqiniswe nge-iodine. Ukuba ezi mveliso zisetyenzisiwe ngokungenasiphelo, zinokuthathwa njengemilinganiselo eyongezelelweyo xa usebenzisa ityuwa edidiweyo. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso yendalo ecebileyo kwi-iodine (ulwandle lwamawaka, intlanzi yolwandle, i-persimmon, amaqanda, i-walnuts) okwangoku ayithathwa njengendlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela. Inyaniso kukuba umxholo we-iodine kuwo uhluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwiindidi, imiqathango yokulima nokugcina. Okokuthi, akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ngokuchanekileyo ukuhamba kwe-iodine emzimbeni.
Siye sahlolisisa ngeenkcukacha eziphezulu ze-iodine, imiphumo yempilo yabantu, iindlela zokuthintela. Iiluncedo ngokukhethekileyo ezi ngcebiso kubantu abahlala kwiidolophu ezinkulu kunye nemimandla eneemeko ezingasebenzi. Kubemi beemimandla ezingcoliswe yimisebe kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa ityuwa ye-iodidi, iodidi ye-potassium kunye neemveliso ezicebile nge-iodine.