Yintoni i-thermoregulation?
Ngoko, makhe siqale ngombono. Inkqubo yokulawula ukushisa komzimba ngokuqhelekileyo ithatha indawo enye igama elifanelekileyo - ukulungiswa kwamanzi. Kwingqondo kukho indawo ekhethekileyo ejongene nokulawulwa kobushushu bomzimba. Iiseli zesikhungo se-thermoregulatory zifumana iimpawu ezisuka kwiiseli ezikhethekileyo zentsholongwane, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-thermoreceptors. I-Thermoreceptors ifumaneka phantse kuzo zonke izitho kunye nezicubu, kodwa uninzi lwazo zonke esikhumbeni. Isiko sobutyebi bomntu sisisigxina, senziwa ngamaqela amabini eeseli. Abanye banomthwalo wokuvelisa ukushisa, abanye banomthwalo wokutshintshwa kobushushu. I-metabolism yabantu ihambelana nemveliso yokushisa. Lo mveliso wokushisa. Ukususela ekushiseni okuveliswayo, umzimba kufuneka uchithe - kukutshintshwa kobushushu. Ekubeni izinga lokushisa lomzimba womntu lizinzile, oku kuthetha ukuba kwimpilo, kuza kubakho ukushisa okuninzi, kwaye kulahleke. Ngaloo ndlela, imveliso yokushisa kunye nokutshintshwa kobushushu kummandla we-equilibri esisigxina, kwaye ubuninzi bebonke bolu bhalansi buboniswa ngenombolo 36.6 ° C.
Yiyiphi iqondo lokushisa elinokujongwa njengento eqhelekileyo kumntwana?
Iqondo lokushisa lomzimba womntwana lihluke kwalomntu omdala. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana osandul 'umhlaza, umzekelo, unesilinganiso esiyi-0.3 C ngaphezu kobushushu bomzimba bomama. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa, ukushisa komzimba kwehla ngo-1-2 C, kodwa emva kweeyure eziyi-12 ukuya ku-24 kuya ku-36-37 ° C. Kwiinyanga zokuqala ezi-3 zokuphila, zizinzile kwaye zixhomekeka kakhulu kwizinto zangaphandle (ukulala, ukutya, ukukhwabanisa, iiparitha zomoya). Nangona kunjalo, udidi lokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa elidlulileyo kule minyaka aludluli kwi-0.6 CC, kwaye kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-3 ubudala, kufinyelela kwi-1 C. Izifundo ezininzi zibonisa ukuba kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu umlinganiselo wokushisa womzimba ungaphezu kwee-0.3 -0.4 C.
Kutheni ukushisa komzimba kuphakame?
Izizathu zokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu zingabininzi, umzekelo, ngokusebenza ngamandla ngokomzimba (ukuxhamla imisipha ngokukhawuleza kuvelisa ixesha elincinci lomlilo, apho umzimba awukwazi ukulahla), ukuba iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokutshintshisa ukushisa (umntwana unxibe ngokufudumele, igumbi lifudumele kakhulu) . Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukushisa komzimba kuphakama, ukuba into echaphazela i-thermoregulation. Ngaphantsi kwesi "nto" zifihliwe iiprorogens - izinto ezinobungozi bezinto eziphilayo ezibangela ukwanda kwimiqondo yokushisa komzimba .IiPirogens zizona zixhobo ezenza izifo ezininzi (iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, iiprotozoa, iipasasites) .Ephambili kwipetrogram, iiprogien zibonakala zibeka umgangatho omtsha (kungeyi 36.6 , umzekelo, i-39 ° C), apho umzimba uqala ukulwa, okokuqala, ngokunyusa umveliso wokushisa (ngokuqalisa ukusebenza kwe-metabolism okanye kubangela ukuthuthumela), okwesibini, ngokunciphisa ukudluliselwa kobushushu (ukunciphisa ukujikeleza kwegazi kwesikhumba, ukunciphisa imveliso yokujuluka).
Uyakuqonda njani ukuba umntwana uyagula ntoni, ukuba ukushisa komzimba kunyuke?
Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ngaphezu kwesiqhelo kubakho ngenxa yeso sizathu esithile. Sitshintshile kwezinye zazo - ukugqithisa, ukusulela, ukukhukhumeza, ukunyamezela, uxinzelelo lwengqondo, ukunyuka, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamachiza athile, njl. Khumbula ukuba ukunyuka kokushisa komzimba kungenye yezimpawu, emva kokuhlalutya abanye, ugqirha wenza ukuxilongwa. Kwaye kuninzi kunamava, kuyacaca ukuba:
Iqondo lokushisa + isifo sohudo = ukusulelwa kwesisu;
2. ubushushu + intlungu kwindlebe = i-otitis;
3. ukushisa + i-snot kunye nokukhwehlela = ukutheleleka kwintsholongwane yentsholongwane yokuphefumula, okanye i-ARVI (eqhelekileyo iyona nto ibangelwa ngumkhuhlane kubantwana);
4. Ukufudumala + kunye nokuvuvukala kweentlobo = amazinyo anqunywe;
5. ukushisa + ukugqithisa nge vesicles = inkukhu;
6.Itemperatura + iginya buhlungu kakhulu, emqaleni, i-abscesses = imqala yomqala.
Into ephambili endiyathanda ukuyiqwalasela abazali bakho: kungakhathaliseki ukuba kuvela njani ukuba ugqirha ungabonakala kuwe, ugqirha kufuneka aqhubeke esinika igama lesi sifo, kwaye ugqirha omele acacise ukuba le nto ifunyenwe kwaye isele igqirha ligqirha!
Ebushushu obuphakamileyo, ukuphumelela kweepgocytosis kwanda. I-Phagocytosis yikhono lamasosha omzimba athile-ama-phagocytes - ukuthatha kunye nokugaya ii-microorganisms, i-particle zangaphandle kunye nezinto ezifana.
Ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa komzimba kubangela ukunciphisa ukutya, ukukhuthaza inkqubo yokutya yokulwa nokulwa namayeza atshayayo.
Ukushisa okwandisa kakhulu kunciphisa umsebenzi wemoto. Indlela enkulu yokugcina amandla kwaye uyithumele kwisiteshi esilungileyo.
Ukushisa okuphakanyisiweyo komzimba ukwazisa abazali malunga nesifo, kuvumela ukuqikelela ubunzima beemeko kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokulungisa uncedo lwezokwelapha.
Iintlukwano kwiqondo lokushisa lomzimba zinamaphetheni athile kwizifo kunye nezigaba ezithile zesifo. Ukwaziswa kwezi mpateni kubangela ukuxilongwa okwaneleyo.
Ubushushu bomzimba bubonakaliso obalulekileyo bokuguqulwa kwesifo kunye nokusebenza kwonyango. Kwaye nantoni na into esiyithethayo apha, kukho ubuninzi obubi kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.
Yintoni engalunganga ngokuphakamisa ubushushu?
Okokuqala, kungumntu ongathandekiyo ngokuzenzekelayo: kushushu, kubanda, uze uqubuke, kwaye inyosi ayifuni kwizinyo - ngokubanzi, oko kuchazwe apha, abaninzi abazali be "charming" fever babe nethuba lokuzibonela.
Ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa komzimba kusebenze ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi omzimba. Okokuqala, kuba ukuphefumla kuphucula, kwaye ngenxa yoko, umbane olahlekileyo ulahlekelwa kukuhluthwa kwomoya ophefumlelweyo, kwaye, okwesibini, kuba kukho ukufuma okubikwayo. Ezi zinto ezingavamile, ukulahlekelwa ngokwemfuneko (ezibizwa ngokuba yilahleko yokulahleka) zikhokelela ekunyuseni kwegazi. Ngenxa yoko - ukuphulwa kwegazi kwiinkalo ezininzi kunye nezicubu, ukomisa kwiimbrane ezinqabileyo, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kweziyobisi.
Ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa komzimba kuthintela kakhulu ukuziphatha kunye nesimo sengqondo somntwana: ukukhala, ukunyaniseka, ukuqonda, ukungafuni ukuphendula izicelo zabazali. Konke oku, kuchaphazela, ukuphumelela kwonyango: ubuncinane umntwana obushushu obuqhelekileyo ukukholisa ukusela imyeza kulula.
Ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa komzimba kubangela ukwanda kwidingo lomzimba we-oksijeni-malunga nayo yonke iqondo lokushisa elingaphezu kwesigqirha, isidingo se-oxygen sanda ngo-13%.
Isici esithile senkqubo yesantya yabantwana abancinci (ukufikelela kwiminyaka engamahlanu) - ukushisa komzimba ophezulu kunokubangela ukuba kuqhutywe iitampu. Ezi nkampu aziqhelekanga, zade zafumana igama elikhethekileyo elithi "i-febrile seizures" (ukusuka kwisiLatini febris - "fever"). Ubunokwenzeka bokubanjwa kwe-febrile kuphezulu kakhulu kubantwana abanezifo zesimiso se-nervous.
Ukushisa okwandayo komzimba womntwana kukuxinzeleleke kakhulu kubazali bakhe. Olu lwazi alukwaziwa kwinqanaba elibanzi lomphakathi womzali, ngoko ke, ukunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa komntwana kudla ngokuhamba kunye neentlanzi kunye namazwana amaninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamagama "atshisiwe", "alahlekile", "ashiyelwe ebomini" ... Ukungahambi kakuhle kwengqondo kubangela unyango olusebenzayo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, imeko engabonakaliyo kwaye ihlala ingengozini. Umoya wesantya ka-papa nonina, ngokuzithandela okanye ngokungathandabuzekiyo, uthintela izenzo zogqirha onyanzelekile ukuba anikeze amayeza angenakunciphisa mperatury umzimba umntwana, indlela ukunciphisa neminqweno.
Ixesha lokushisa kufuneka "liphathwe"?
Akusiyo imfihlo kunoma ubani ukuba wonke umntu (umntu omdala okanye umntwana - kungekho ngokusisiseko) unokutshintshwa kweqondo lokutshintshela emzimbeni. Kukho abantwana abaye bagxuma, bagxume kwaye bacelwa ukuba badle ngo-39.5 C, kwaye bahlambalaza, balala kunye nokuhlupheka ngeendlela zonke kwi-37.5. Ingane imbi, kodwa i-thermometer ibonisa kuphela i-37.5 C. Yintoni i-thermometer ifana nayo? Kumntwana kakubi - masize sisize (okt ukufaka amayeza). Okanye umkhuhlane usichaphazela kakhulu ukuziphatha komntwana: ungondli, ungaphuzi, ungabeki ... Masibe phantsi kweqondo lokushisa lomzimba kwaye siya kuxoxisana.
Kwakhona, qaphela ukuba ukunyangwa kweyeza unyango kufuneka ube ngugqirha!
Unokukunceda njani umntwana ongenakho umkhuhlane ngaphandle kwemithi?
Akumangalisi ukuba siqale le ngxoxo kunye neenkcazo kunye nokuchazwa kweendlela zokwenza i-thermoregulation. Ngoku kuyacaca: ukwenzela ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa ngendlela engokwemvelo, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa umveliso wokushisa nokunyusa ukutshintshwa kweshushu. Nazi iindlela ezimbalwa zokuphumeza oku:
Imoto yemisebenzi ikwandisa imveliso yokushisa, ngelixa ukufundwa ngokubambisana ngokubambisana okanye ukujonga iibhotole kunciphisa umveliso wokushisa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukukhala, ukuhlambalaza kunye neendlela zokuvakaza ulwalamano kukhulisa imveliso yokushisa.
Iqondo lokushisa elingaphambili lomoya kwigumbi apho umntwana ephakamileyo izinga lokushisa lomzimba lilinganiselwa kuma-20 ± 25 C, nge-18 ° C ngaphezu kwe-22 ° C.
Umzimba ulahlekelwa ukushisa ngokubunjwa kunye nokukhuphuka komkhuhlane, kodwa ukuphunyezwa ngokufanelekileyo kwendlela yokudlulisa ukushisa kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kukho into yokukhupha. Akumangalisi kulo mbandela ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwexesha elifanelekileyo kumzimba kungenye yezindlela eziphambili zokunceda ngokunyusa izinga lokushisa komzimba. Ngamanye amagama, isiselo esininzi. Kunokuba uphuze umntwana? Efanelekileyo - ababizwa ngokuba yi-agent ehlaziyiweyo yokulawula ngomlomo. Ezi ziyobisi zithengiswa kuma-pharmacy (umzekelo, iGastrolit, Hydrovit, Glukosolan, Regidrare, Regidron). Ziqukethe i-sodium, i-potassium, i-chlorine nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko kumzimba. Ubuncwane, ipilisi okanye i-granules zihlanjululwe ngamanzi abilisiwe, kunye nesisombululo esilungileyo senziwa. Ungayinceda njani enye isiselo kumntwana? I-tea (emnyama, eluhlaza, i-fruity, ne-raspberries, i-lemon okanye i-apula ecocekileyo); udibanisa izithelo ezomileyo (ii-apula, iinqabileyo, ama-apricots omisiwe, i-plunes); ukunqunyulwa kweewayini ezomileyo (i-tablespoon yamagilebhisi anesininzi ama-200 ml yamanzi abilayo kwijusi ye-thermos).
Yimpilo!