"Ukuguga kwethu isifo esimele siphathwe njenganoma yimuphi na," u-Ilya Mechnikov, umseli we-gerontology, wathi kuma-1880. Kwingxelo yakhe, isazi senzululwazi yaseRashiya saqaphela ukuba ukuguga akuyimfuneko ukuba umzimba ube yinkqubo yomzimba. Ubomi bethu, ngokwenene, inkqubo yokwahlukana kweeseli. Isisele singahlula ngonaphakade phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Ukuhlaziywa kweemeko kubangela ukuthotywa kohlengahlengiso lweseli. Kwaye ngenxa yenkqubo, ebizwa ngokuba yigugu.
"Abantu abafuni ukufa"
Kuyo yonke imbali yayo, uluntu luye lwahlala kwaye luhlala kunye nombono wokufa, umzimba oguga kunye nenkqubo yomzimba. Ngokuchanekileyo, ngokubonakalisa indlela yokuwunqoba ngayo. "Abantu abafuni ukuphila ngonaphakade, abantu abafuni ukufa," u-Stanislaw Lemm uchazwe ngokuchanekileyo. Lo mnqweno ubonakaliswa kwizibingelelo zemihla ngemihla kunye nemikhosi yemikhosi yezizwe ezininzi. Kwiinkonzo ngendlela yokholo emva kokufa, ukuzalwa kwakhona, ukuzalwa kwakhona. Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, apho abadala abangunaphakade kunye nabahlala khona. Wonke uhlanga luye lwafuna "iresiphi yolutsha" kangangamakhulu eminyaka.
KwiYiputa yamandulo, izitya zetsimbi zazisetyenziswa. Ziyakubonakala ezandleni zezharahara kwiifrescoes eziseleyo. Iisilinda - iLanga kunye neNyanga, nganye i-150 mm ubude kunye no-28 mm ububanzi - zazaliswa ngokulandelana okuthile kunye nokuxutywa kwamaminerali. Ngokutsho kweengcali zanamhlanje, ezandleni zalezi zixhobo zenza iimbalo zombini zombini, apho kuphuma amandla amandla, ukujikeleza emzimbeni, ukucoca kunye nokwenza intsimi yokukhusela yomzimba womntu.
Umzekelo:
Phakathi kwamaharahara kwakukho izibindi zangaphambili: uPeopi II wabusa iminyaka engama-94. AmaRamesses Omkhulu uneminyaka engama-67 ubudala. Waphila 12 kwi-187 yabantwana bakhe abavela kubafazi abangama-42 kunye namashweshwe. Kwaphela iminyaka engama-10 yepharao.
"Elixirs of Youth"
Amabali abadumileyo be-alchemists - abafuna i-"elixir of longevity", izidalwa eziguga kunye nenkqubo yomzimba - zihlanganiswe ezifihliweyo: amagama amaninzi, ukungabikho kokuqinisekiswa kwiminyaka yobomi kunye neziphumo zophando. NguJabir ibn Hayyan (okanye uGeber), uFrancis Bacon, uTheophrastus Paracelsus, uJacob Bruce, u-Wei Po-Yan, uVasily Valentin, u-Count Saint-Germain, u-Count Alexander Cagliostro (okanye uGiuseppe Balsamo), njl njl.
Inzululwazi yanamhlanje iyaqhubeka ifuna "i-elixir of longevity", ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela yokucwangcisa kunye neyodwa.
I-Cryonics - ulondolozo (biostasis) usebenzisa amaqondo okushisa aphantsi. Izigulane zithotyelwa. UKUPHILA AbaPristi kunye namaharahara bafanele bahlambe umzimba ngokusa, imini nobusuku, bahlambe rhoqo iinwele emzimbeni (ngaphandle kwekhanda) - ukuze i-microbes ingangeni; Abaphantse babengadli inyama yengulube kunye neentlanzi eziluhlaza.
I-China yakudala yakha iQigong - ubugcisa bokuzilawula komzimba, ukuphuhliswa komntu njengomntu. Izenzo ezininzi zijolise ekukhuliseni nokuziphucula.
I-Qi yimbane ekhoyo ezulwini, emhlabeni kunye nakuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. I-Yoga - enye yeenkqubo zobufilosofi zaseIndiya yasendulo, ijonga iresiphi yokwandisa ubunzima bokutya okunomdla, ukuphefumla kakuhle kunye nesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo.
Inendima enkulu inikwe umgudu kwimicimbi yokuchasana nezifo. Kufuneka iguquguquke - "amanzi asebenzayo akayi kubola, umcengezi wesango awunakonakalisa, unjalo ukuhamba." Kwi "Treatment yangaphakathi" kuphawulwe:
Ukuguga kuyinkqubo yokuphazanyiswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokulahlekelwa kwemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yomzimba, ngokukodwa, ukukwazi ukuvelisa nokuvelisa ukuguga kunye nenkqubo yomzimba.
Ukubandakanya kwiQigong, umntu uthatha amandla asezulwini nomhlaba, edibanisa ngokwabo. Ngoko uhambela ixesha elide nokungafi. Iiklasi kufuneka zihlale zihlala iminyaka emininzi. Ukungafi eTaoism yinto ebonakalayo: ixhalabisa umphefumlo nomzimba.
Icebiso
Abantu baseTaoists bakholelwa ukuba ukwenza izinto ezintle kubambezela ubomi, kunye nobubi - bufutshane. Lowo ofuna ukungafi emhlabeni kufuneka enze imisebenzi eyi-300 emihle, kwaye enxanelwe ukungafi esibhakabhakeni - 1200. Kodwa nangona emva kwe-1190th yezenzo ezilungileyo.
"Ukuphela komda ukuya ekupheleni kweminyaka yakhe yasezulwini, emva kokubala iminyaka eyikhulu, qhubeka."
Enye yeemveliso zonyango laseTibet "I-Vaiduria-onbo" icebisa ukutya okunomsoco, ukulala ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukuhlamba, ulwazi lweemimiselo nemithetho yobomi bezesondo, kunye nococeko kwimpilo kunye nokongezwa kobomi. I-recipe ye "juices" inikezelwa, ebangela ukuba kuphele ixesha elide: iimmmies, i-feldspar, ishukela yerhasi, ubusi, ibhotela. "Ukuba intliziyo ishukumisa ayitshintshi imivimbo engama-100 kwaye ibonakaliswe ngokuzaliseka okulungileyo, ngoko umntu ophila ngendlela eqhelekileyo ubomi uya kuphila kwiminyaka eyi-100." Methusela - uTrathrase-Old Testament - waphila, njengoko iBhayibhile yathi, iminyaka engama-969-ubizwa ngokuba ngumdala kunabo bonke. Olunye uhlobo lwesibindi eside, uNowa, owakha iTyeya, waphila iminyaka embalwa ngaphantsi. Umntu wokuqala uAdam wanikezwa ukungafi, kodwa njengoko wayedlula kwimivumelwano wanciphisa ubomi bakhe.
Umyinge wokuhlala kwithuba lomntu.
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-80:
EJapan, eSwitzerland, eFransi, eJamani, e-Australia, eSingapore.
Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-80:
Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe.
Ngokutsho kwe-WHO, ixesha elide lokuphila lobomi bomhlaba liyiminyaka engama-48.5.
Kutheni sikhula?
Namhlanje akukho nto iyakwamukelwa ngokubanzi ukuguga. Kukho iingcamango ezininzi ezisekelwe kwizizathu ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokuguga. Iindlela ezizibonakalisa ngokwazo kwiinguqu ezahlukeneyo kuwo onke amanqanaba - ukusuka kwiimodeli ukuya kumzimba. Ukuguga kuyinkimbinkimbi yeenkqubo, ngasinye sinciphisa ukumelana nokuqina komzimba. Ubuninzi beenkqubo kuwandisa impembelelo engalunganga. Iingcamango zokuguga zihlelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Zahlukaniswe ngamaqela amabini: iiprogram zokuguga kunye ne-stochastic (randomness). Okanye kumaqela amathathu: i-genetic, neuroendocrine kunye neengcamango zokuqokelela umonakalo. Naliphi na ukwahlula lugqithiseleyo, kuba iinkqubo ziyahambelana.
Abaxhasi beengcamango ezahlukeneyo zizinto eziphambili zokuhlala ixesha elide: inkqubo yokutya enempilo, ukudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi kunye nokuzonwabisa, inkcubeko yokuziphatha, impembelelo yendalo.
Amalungiselelo e-Biopeptide , i-geroprotectors yesizukulwana esitsha. Umgca ongundoqo: ukunceda amaseli asebenze. Iipeptides - iiprotheni ezithatyathwe yizenzululwazi - igalelo ekubuyiselweni kweprotheyini yayo emzimbeni. Ukungenelela kwinqanawa, ubuyisele imisebenzi yayo. Izinto ezinokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ziyilungu lezilwanyana ezincinci (isibindi sithathwa unyango lwesibindi, iintso ziphathwa ngeentso, njl.).
Iingcamango ezisisiseko zokuguga zenziwe ngabasosayensi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwiminyaka eyahlukileyo.
Gqoka i ngongoma: umzimba uyindlela ephuka ngexesha.
Ingcamango yentlekele yeephosiso: kunye nobudala, umonakalo wemfuyo uqokelelwe ngenxa yokutshintshwa kwezinto (ngokukhawuleza okanye kubangelwe izinto zangaphandle).
Inkolelo yomonakalo wokukhathazeka: ukuguga kungumphumo wokuxinezeleka, isantya sokugqoka komzimba womntu kuxhomekeke kwisixa soxinzelelo.
Iingcamango zokuqhekeza ngokuzenzekelayo: imbangela yokuguga kukuqokelela kweetekisi emathumbu.
Inkolelo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo: imfundiso yenkqubo yokuguga yeentlobo.
Ingcamango yolondolozo lwengcaciso: utshintsho oluqhubekayo lwolwazi kunye nokulahleka kwalo emzimbeni kokubili kwinkqubo, ngokomzekelo, kwi-DNA, kwiinkqubo zokuxilonga.
Inkolelo ye-Endocrine: imfihlelo "yobomi obungunaphakade" kwi-pituitary ne hypothalamus.
Imfundiso ye-immunological: ukwehla kwikhono lokukhusela ukuxinzezeleka.
Iingcamango zeembrane zeseli: ukuguga ngenxa yomonakalo kwiimbumba zeseli, ezibangela ukuqokelela iimpazamo kwisakhiwo seeprotheni nokukhusela isahlulo seseli.
Imfundiso ye-Mitochondrial: ukunciphisa ubunamandla beeselingi ngamanqanaba. (IMitochondria yi-organoid yeseli eqinisekisa ukuphefumla kwayo, ngenxa yoko kugonywa amandla).
Iingcamango zezinto ezilandelelanayo : isizathu seziganeko ezilandelwayo emzimbeni womntu kwimigangatho emincinci kakhulu ayikho ngaphezu kwama-105 ekhulwini.
Iingcamango zamahhala: impembelelo yama-radicals phantsi kweengxaki ezininzi, ngokukodwa umdlavuza, izifo zentliziyo, isifo se-rheumatoid, izifo zengqondo. Kwindlela yokuphila, iqhezu elincinci lomoya-mpilo (ukusuka ekugqibeni okukhulu okudlulayo kwiiseli) iifom ezisebenzayo ze-oksijeni (ROS) - i-compounds. I-AFC ihlala isikhashana kwaye isabela kwezinye iiseli, ziyabatshabalalisa. Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa, i-mitochondria yonakaliswe. Ukuqokelela umonakalo onjalo kubalulekile ukuguga.
Inkolelo ye-"cross-linking": indima yezinto ezisebenzayo kulo mzekelo ushukela, ngokukodwa, i-glucose. Iimleksile zentshukela, xa zisabela kwiiprotheni, "zidibanisa" iimodeli zeprotheni kunye. Iiseli ziqala ukusebenza nzima, ziqokelela "udoti", izicubu zilahlekelwa ngumzimba.
Iingcamango ze-apoptosis: ukuqaliswa kwenkqubo yokuzibulala, ukuzitshabalalisa kwiimeko ezithile, ezifakwe kuyo.
Inkolelo yeTelomom: iiseli ze-somatic zingahlula inani elithile lexesha. Idibene nenkqubo yeDNA kabini. Iiphelo, imida yee-chromosomes ezinomlinganiselo (i-telomeres) emva kwecandelo ngalinye lifutshane. Ngoko ke, kuza ixesha apho iseli lingahluleki. Ubude be-telomere buxhomekeke kwiminyaka yomntu: omdala kukuthi, ubude obude beetelomere buncinci.
Inkolelo yokuphakama: indlela yokuguga iqala ukusebenza kunye nokunyuka okuqhubekayo kwinqanaba le-hypothalamus ukuya kwinqanaba lama-hormone egazini. Xa kudala, izimo ezahlukeneyo zempilo zivela. Iinkqubo ezonakalisayo emzimbeni zibangelwa yiwashi yezinto eziphilayo eziza kubalwa ixesha lokuphila elikhutshelwe emzimbeni.
Ukuguga kwexesha elide
Ii-urchins zoLwandle zihlala iminyaka engama-200-300, ngaphandle kokuyeka ukukhula (enkulu, indala ithetha). Kwaye emva kweminyaka eyi-100 yobomi kunokuvelisa inzala.
I-Shellfish
I-Zhemchuzhnitsa I-Margaritifera iphila kwiminyaka engama-200, yonke into inokukwazi ukuvelisa ama-embry, ayifi ngenxa yezifo, kodwa yindlala, kuba bonke ubomi bukhula.
Kwaye i-long-livers-yangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-4; ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-2,5 yepineyini kunye ne-sequoia enkulu.
E-USA kukho ipini "iMethusela", - umthi omdala emhlabeni. Ngokweengcali, ubudala bepine iminyaka engama-4772.
Xa uneminyaka yobudala, amangqamuzana e-stem ayancinci. Ekuqaleni, uninzi lwabo - iqanda elichumayo lihlukaniswe, lenza amaseli ahlaziyekileyo, aguqulwa abe ngabanye.
Omnye ukucoca iselu kunokuvelisa iindili eziliqela ezilula. Ngethuba lokunyanga, isigulane sithola i-200-300 yezigidi zee-cell stem. Iiseli ezingabhalwanga zithunyelwa emzimbeni ukugcinwa kwexeshana. Ukongeza kwiiyununu (ezigcinwe kwi-"bhanki" nganye), iiseliti ze-stem ezisetyenziselwayo - ezisuka kwi-intambo yegazi (ezisetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje) kunye nabantwana abafayo - ukusuka kwizinto ezikhupha isisu. Oku kudala kubangela imibuzo, kokubili isicwangciso sokuziphatha kunye nomthelela kumzimba kwixesha elizayo. Yona ngqiqo ye "cell cells" yaqaliswa ngowe-1908 ngumbhali weengcali kunye ne-embrologist uAlexander Maksimov (ngo-1874-1928), obeminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe basebenza ekufudukisweni kwe-United States.