Unqwenela iholide: sifunda indlela yokwenza i-herbarium yesikolo nakwikhaya

Yintoni kwaye ngubani ofuna i-herbarium? Okokuqala, abafundi kwizifundo ze-biology. I-albhamu kunye nezityalo ezomileyo ngumsebenzi wehlobo lwabafundi bebakala lesihlanu. Okwesibini, ukwenza i-herbarium sisihlandlo esihle kwiintsapho. Izityalo ezomileyo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zenziwe ngokufanelekileyo ziba nesipho esihle kakhulu, ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi, ukugqwesa umklami. Ngoko, sifunda indlela yokuqokelela kunye nokomisa i-herbarium, kwaye uyihlobise kakuhle.

Indlela yokwenza kakuhle i-herbarium ngezandla zakho - iklasi yeklasi kunye nesithombe

Njengoko isiseko semfuyo, i-albhamu okanye iincwadi zincwadi zihlala zisebenzisa i-A4, A5 okanye ifomati yefomati. Kule klasi yeklasi, umyalelo wesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo ekwenzeni i-herbarium kwiimakhishithi zefomati ye-albhamu. I-herbarium echazwe apha ibizwa ngokuthi "IziMveliso zonyango kwi-Central Russia". Unokhetha naziphi na ezinye izihloko, umzekelo, "Ukuphumla kwethu elwandle: izilwanyana zaselwandle", "Ukuya ehlathini: ziphi iindima ngo-Agasti" njalo njalo.

Kwinqaku! Ukuqokelela ama-specimens, khetha usuku olomileyo, olushushu. Umonakalo wokubunjwa kunye nomonakalo owenziwe ngumbonakalo kwimiboniso yakho eqokelelwa kwimvula yemvula ngu-95%.

Indlela yokuqokelela izityalo zokutya

Izixhobo zokuqokelela izityalo:

• Isalathisi esinyeneyo se-soviet (ukuba ufuna ukufumana isityalo kunye nenkqubo yengcambu)
• Izikrini ezincinci
• Garden pruner
• Isitya sokuthutha iisampuli (ungasebenzisa ibhoksi yexandeke emacaleni)
• Ingqayi elincinci (50 g) kunye negadi yewayini okanye udongwe luhlanjululwa ngamanzi kummandla we-mushy
• Amaphephandaba amadala

Iphulo: Ngaphambi kokuba uye "ekuzingeleni", funda kuqala iimpawu zenkqubo yeengcambu zezityalo ezikhethiweyo, ukwenzela ukuba ingalindelekanga i-intyatyambo yebluhlaza encinci ayizange ingcambule inyawo kunye nesiqingatha.

Umyalelo wesinyathelo ngeyinyathelo:

1. Iintlobo kunye neentloko zentyatyambo zinqunywe ngekisiki, zifakwe kwisitya, zibeka amaphephandaba.
2. Cima amagatsha amakhulu kunye ne-pruner, efihla indawo kunye nomsila womyezo okanye udongwe. (Le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu xa abantwana bekunye, bafanele babone ukuba asiyi kuba semvelo njengabanqabileyo, kwaye nangona sithatha into ethile kuyo, siyakhathalela ukuba uhlobo luneemandla okwaneleyo ukufumana kwakhona).
3. Ukugquma ngcono ezo zityalo ezingenayo impembelelo enamandla kakhulu. Sima kumacala amane kumgama we-4-5 cm ukusuka kwisiseko, pha kamisa uze ukhuphe kunye kunye ne-turf. Siyazikhusekisa ngokucokisekileyo, sihlambulule izibonda zomhlaba, sikubeke ephephandabeni, sibeke kwisitya.

Umzekelo wendlela yokutsala ngokufanelekileyo isityalo ishicilelwe kwividiyo.

Iseluleko: zama ukungagqiba izityalo ezingaqhelekanga, ezizodwa!

Indlela yokomisa izityalo ngokufanelekileyo

Izinto eziyimfuneko:

• Ibhuku elidala-1 pc.
• Idibhodibhodi ine-dense - 2 amaphepha
• I-tray yokubhaka - 1 pc.
• Iglasi ngamanzi
• Cinezela, iicons

Umyalelo wesinyathelo ngeyinyathelo:

1. Ukusasaza zonke izityalo eziqokelelwe kumaphephandaba. Khawucinge kwakhona ngokucokisekileyo: ukuba kukho ndawo kukho into emnyama, inambuzane-idliwe.
2. Tyalela isityalo kwiphepha, njengoko ubona kufanelekile. Amaqabunga amancinane, ukuze angayidiyi, baxube kumaphepha encwadi, bawagcobe ngokulula ngamanzi.
3. Beka le ncwadi kunye nezityalo phakathi kweemakhredithi zekhadibhodi, ikhava ephezulu kunye nephepha lokubhaka kwaye ubeke izibonda. Izityalo zome, ngokuqhelekileyo ngeveki okanye kwiintsuku ezili-10. Kule meko, imihla ngemihla ngeentsuku ezi-5 zokuqala zokumisa, tshintshela izinto zokulima ukuze uname amakhasi. Ukulungelelwa kwezityalo ukusetyenziswa kwi-herbarium kugqitywa ngokubonakala kwayo: ukuba ayikugoba kwaye igcine ifom, ke ilungile.

Qaphela: zikho ezinye iindlela zokomisa izinto zemvelo: kwi-microwave okanye kwi-oven, usebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide. Ezi ndlela zikhawuleza inkqubo yokomisa, kodwa ngelo xesha iifomim zikhubazekile, zifihla okanye zifumana umbala ongaqhelekanga. Ngendlela, ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukuba ufunde ulwazi olunjalo ukuba le ncwadi, ekuthiwa emva kokuba izityalo ezomileyo kuyo, ayinakunceda-iyaba yinyumba kwaye ilahlekelwe imo yayo. Oku akunjalo! Ukuba izityalo ziqokelelwe ngosuku olomileyo, akukho nto eyoyikwenzekayo encwadini.

Indlela yokwenza i-herbarium ngezandla zakho

Izinto eziyimfuneko:

• Iimakhredithi zamakhadibhodi ezimhlophe uA-4 - 10 ama-pcs. (ngenani lezityalo)
• Iipredishithi ze-Albhamu A 4 -10 pcs.
• Ubunzima bekhadibhodi yombala obonakalisiweyo - 12 cm, ububanzi - 4 cm - 10.
• Iifayile ezigqithisileyo - iipcs 5. (okanye i-A4-size paper page).
• I-Puncher, i-scissors, i-PVA glue, i-twine okanye intambo eqinile, ukuthunga inaliti ngentambo, ipenki ephuzileyo yokuphuhlisa.

Umyalelo wesinyathelo ngeyinyathelo:

1. Isityalo esomileyo sifakwe kwiphepha lemihlaba, sililungisa kwisitshixo okanye kwisiqu kunye nenaliti kunye nentambo, ngokwenza iziqu ezi-2-3. Ukuba kukho iindidi ezinkulu, ngoko sikulungiselela kwiindawo ezininzi; ukuba eli liqabunga elilodwa, gcoba iplate yephepha kunye ne-PVA glue. Xhawula imaski, yipende nge-pen-tip tip yombala ofanelekileyo.
2. Amagqabi ekhadibhodi atyunjwa ngeglue kwaye agxilwe kuwo ama-albhamu ama-albhamu kunye nezityalo ezomileyo. Ngaphantsi cindezela phantsi, uzama ukulimaza izinto.
3. Iifayile ezigqithisileyo zinqunywe zibe zimbini, sibeka inxalenye enye phezulu kwesityalo, ukusuka kwicala sisebenzisa umgca wekhadibhodi edibeneyo kwaye siwaphule yonke le "sandwich" ngesihlunu. Kwiimingxuma esisifaka umnqamlezo (intambo, intambo), qinisa, lungisa. Ngoko senza kunye nawo onke amaphepha e-herbarium.
4. Kwikhoneni elingezantsi lekhasi ngalinye senza umyalezo apho sibonisa ulwazi malunga nesityalo esinikezwe: igama, umgangatho, indawo kunye nexesha lokuqokelela. Le "iplateplate" ingenziwa kusengaphambili, umzekelo, ifakwe kwikhompyutheni kunye nekhompyutheni, ungabhala ngesandla nje. Ukuba unqwenela, ungacacisa amagama ezinxalenye zesityalo okanye umyalelo wokuvelisa iimveliso zonyango kuyo (ukuba kunokwenzeka).
5. Ngoku ihlala iqokelela onke amaqabunga kwi-albhamu kwaye yenza iphepha lephepha. Indlela eya kujonga ngayo umcimbi wengcinga yakho. Okanye sebenzisa umzekelo owenziwe. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uqale uthathe isithombe seendawo apho izityalo ziqokelelwe khona, bhala ikholaji kubo kwi-photo editor editor, bhala igama le-herbarium uze uyiprinte kumshicileli wombala.

   Iingcamango: i-herbarium inokudibaniswa ne-albhamu yesithombe, ukuba kwiphepha elingemuva ngalinye leqabunga elinesityalo esomileyo, unamathisela iifoto zakho ezithathwe ngexesha lokuqokelela.
   

6. Kwiphepha ngalinye, kubandakanywa nephepha lephepha, senza amanqaku ngokukhawuleza kwaye siwabethe ezi ndawo nge-punch. Sula amaphepha kwi-albhamu, yenzani ukuba ufuna isaphetha okanye ungahlambululi indawo zokubopha iziphelo zomtya. I-herbarium ikulungele.

Njengoko uyakubona, ukwenza i-herbarium ngezandla zakho ngumsebenzi olula kwaye nabantwana abancinane esikolweni banokukwenza. Gcina i-herbalist endaweni eyomileyo, ngokukhethekileyo kwii-shelves eziphezulu, kwindawo egciniweyo.