Yintoni na?
Ukugqithwa kunzima okanye kulungelelanisi ukukhutshwa kwamathumbu. Umntwana ngamnye ozelweyo unempawu ezizimele ezifunekayo ukuba abazali bazingenise ukuze bangaxhalali kwaye bangabhekiseli kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvuselela isenzo sokuchasana. Abazali bafanele ba khumbule: Kwiintsana ezinamabele, ukungabikho kwesigxina kwisithuba seentsuku ezi-3 kuthathwa njengesiqhelo, kubantwana ngokusondeza ngokufanelekileyo-ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbini-xa kwenzeka ukuba ukuziphatha kunye nemeko yomntwana ayiphuli. Umntwana onjalo uziphatha njengesiqhelo: unesidlo esivamile, usebenza, unezigesi, akukho bushushu okanye nayiphi na impawu zokugula. Umama womntwana onjalo akafanele angamathele kwi-enema okanye asebenzise ezinye iindlela zokuphumeza ukukhutshwa okungenakukhusela kwamathumbu imihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, nayiphi na ukuphulwa komqathango jikelele wengane, xa, kunye nokulibaziseka kwisitobhu, ukuhlanza, ukunyamezela, ukulala, ukungabikho okanye ukunciphisa ukutya, ukushisa, kunye nokulibaziseka ekuphunyukeni kwegesi, kufuna ukunikwa ngonyango kunye nonyango.
Norm ne pathology
Into ebusana ngayo kukuba uhlobo lwesigxina kunye nenani lezenzo zokuchasana lichongiwe ngokohlobo lwesondlo. Ngokutya okuvelisayo kwintsana encinane ukusuka ekukhanyeni okwesibhakabhaka kuya kukhanya okumnyama, ukuqina kwayo kuphezulu, ukuvumba kungamnandi. Inombolo yamathambo ukuya kwisiqingatha sonyaka unyaka wesi-2-4 ngosuku, emva kweenyanga ezili-6 - ama-1-2 ngamaxesha ngosuku. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isondlo sokufakelwa ngumngcipheko ngokubhekiselele kwintsana. Ngokwenani labafundi be-physiologists, oku kubangelwa kukuba ukudluliselwa komntwana ukunyusa ngobisi obisi kubangela ukuvuthwa kwangaphambili kwezinto eziyimfihlo zecandelo lesisu, kunye nokupheliswa kokukwazi ukugaya nokugcoba ukutya, okuza kuthiwa kulungele ukutyunjwa. Ukuba unina unondla umntwana ngobisi lwakhe, imfesane yengane inemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uhlobo oluthile lwekhilimu omuncu kunye nephunga elimnandi. Inombolo yamathambo ebantwaneni, njengomgaqo (kodwa kungekho njalo), ifikelela kuma-5-7 ngamaxesha ngosuku kwisigama sokuqala sonyaka, emva kwesiqingatha sonyaka-ukuya kumaxesha angama-2-3. Kodwa akufanele ukuba lilibale ukuba ukugqithwa akuqhelekanga kwasebuntwaneni: ngokutsho koogqirha bezingane, bafumana i-10 ukuya kwi-25% yabantwana. Abazali bafanele baxelelwe bani kwaye bacinga ukuba umntwana unenxaki kwi-stool?
Imiqondiso engabonakaliyo yokuqhawulwa kweentsana ayikho into enqabileyo yokukhupha intlungu, kodwa ngokuyinhloko utshintsho ekuphatheni okuhambelana nokuhamba kwesigxina: ukwanda kwexhala phambi nangesikhathi sokuxhatshazwa, ukunyaniseka okukhulu, ukukhala okukhulu. Ubume busihlalo luba nexabiso: kubantwana ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6, i-dense, i-stool ehlotshisiwe ifanele ithathwe njengophawu lokuqhawulwa, ngamanye amaxesha i-streaks yegazi iyakwenzeka kwisigxina esinjalo. Ngoku kunye nalesi sigxina esingapheliyo sibonakala ngokuphuhliswa kweminye imbonakalo ngendlela ye-anemia (ukunciphisa inani leebomvu zegazi elibomvu kunye ne-hemoglobin egazini), ukunciphisa ubunzima bobunzima, isikhumba esilungeleyo kunye nomonakalo womlenze we-membrane, isikhumba esomileyo kunye ne-membranes. Imiba yengozi ekuthiwa yindawo yokuqhawulwa yinto yokutya, ukunyanzeliswa kwangaphambili, i-CNS (umgangatho wesantya) kunye ne-dysbacteriosis (imeko apho iimeko eziqhelekileyo zebhaktheriya ezikholisa amathambo).
Iintlobo zokuqhawulwa
Oogqirha bahlukanisa phakathi kokuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqho kunye nokuhlala kunzima. Ukuqhaqhazela ngokukhawuleza kukungabikho kokuchaswa kweentsuku eziliqela. Iyakhula xa i-colon ikhutshwe ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo (kwiintsana zidla ngokuba yinto engabonakaliyo - ukufakelwa kwelinye inxalenye yamathumbu ukuya kwelinye, okubangela ukukhutshwa kwe-lumen yamathumbu kunye nokuphulwa komjikelezo wamathumbu ngokwayo). Izizathu zokubangela ukungena kwimizimba ye-intrauterine i-anomalies ekuphuhliseni ubilini kumntwana, ukunyusa umntwana, ukuqaliswa kokuqala kokutya okudibeneyo (ngenxa yokungakhangeli kwesimiso se-enzymatic esiqhekeza ukutya), izifo zamathumbu. Le meko ikhula ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubantwana ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kunyaka o-1, bahlala behlushwa ngabantwana abancinci. Umntwana onjalo phakathi kweentlepheko ezipheleleyo ngokukhawuleza uya kuba ngokungazeleleki, ekhala, enqaba ukutya. Ukuxhalabisa kuphelile ngokukhawuleza njengoko kuqala, kodwa emva kwexesha elifutshane (3-5 imizuzu) liphinda kwakhona. Kukhona ukuhlanza komntu omnye okanye ezimbini kunye ne-mix mix of green bee, iifesi zinokuthi zihlangane kanye okanye kabini ngokuxutywa kwegazi. Kamva, usihlalo uyayeka, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okukhuphayo kukhishwa kwi-rectum (zivela ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kweeyure ezingama-5 ukuya kwe-6 emva kokuqala kokuqala kwentlungu).
Kule meko, isisu somntwana sisithambile. Ubushushu buqhelekile. Umntwana unokuphelelwa yinto engqondweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa iimpawu ezinjalo zenzeka, abazali abayi kuba nexhala kakhulu phambi kobuhlalo, njengokuhlaselwa kabuhlungu kwintlungu, ukuhlanza nokubalalisa emntwaneni, kwaye abayi kuphuza ukwenza "i-ambulensi". Ukuqhaqhozeka okungapheliyo kukhula kancane. Ukuxilongwa okunjalo kwenziwa xa kubonwa kwintsana engaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukuzibamba ngokwayo akusiyo isifo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kubonakaliswa kwimeko okanye ukugula kumntwana, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuphathwa kakubi, kodwa isizathu sayo. Kwaye kuya kufuna umgudu kunye nokuqwalaselwa, kokubili kudokotela kunye nabazali.
Iimbangela zokuqhawulwa
Ukugqithiselwa kwiintsana kungabangela izizathu ezilandelayo:
• Ukutya okungafanelekanga, ukutya okungenamlinganiselo wokutya okanye amanzi ekudleni komntwana, kunye nokutshiswa komntwana rhoqo. Izimbangela ezinjalo zikhokelela ekunciphiseni kwemithwalo yezilwanyana ezinamafutha emathunjini, ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi (kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-stool kubandakanya amanzi), kunye nokuphazamiseka kokubunjwa kwe-microflora yamathumbu. Kubantwana bonyaka wokuqala wobomi abondla ngokuxutywa okanye okufakelwayo, ukuxhamla okufanayo kwenzeka kaninzi kunabantwana abafumana ubisi lwebele kuphela.
• Iziphulo zomzimba. Kwiintsana, i-Hirschsprung isifo sifanelekileyo. Kwintliziyo yesi sifo kukuphulwa kokungabikho kolondolozo lwe-colon, i-peristalsis yayo (imoto yomsebenzi wamathumbu) iphukile, i-colon "iyaphuma" emsebenzini. Ngenxa yoko, okuphakathi kwamathumbu kubuthwa kwiindawo ezijikelezayo zamathumbu, apho, ngamatyala angatshitshiyo, kubangela ukwandiswa kwamathumbu. Ukuba umntwana unengxenyana nje emfutshane yamathumbu, ukumbumbuluka kwakha ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye akufuneki ukungenelela ngoncedo olude. Ukuba iqela elide lomathumbu omkhulu lichaphazelekayo, ukungabikho kwesihlalo kuhambelana nemeko enzima yomntwana kunye nokungenelela kwangxamnye kokukhawuleza kuyadingeka.
Izifo ezithintekayo. Ukwelashwa kwamathumbu emathunjini okudlulileyo kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi kunokubangela ukufa kweeseli zesiswini emathunjini amakhulu, oko kukukhokelela ekuphulaphuleni umsebenzi wemoto. Yaye le sizathu sokulibaziseka kwisenzo sokuchasana, ukuqokelela isitoli emathunjini nokuphuhliswa kokuqhaqha.
• Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezivuthayo emathunjini okanye kwisifo se-vascular (vasculitis). Ukugqithiswa okunjalo kuqhutyelwa ngenxa yomonakalo kwi-plexous neentsholongwane ezithintekayo kwindonga yamathumbu.
• I-CNS lesion. Ukuqhekeza kubakho rhoqo kubantwana abanentsholongwane ye-cerebral palsy syndrome, kunye nabantwana abazalwa babo babandakanyeka neengxaki ezahlukeneyo ekuzalweni. Ukongezelela kokuqhawulwa, abantwana abanjalo banokuphulwa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugwinya, ukuhlaziywa, ukuhlanza.
Izidumbu ze-endocrine (i-hypothyroidism - ukungabikho komsebenzi we-thyroid, isifo sikashukela, njl.). Ngezifo ezinjalo, ukuqhwaba akuqhelekanga. Ngokomzekelo, i-hypothyroidism ithintela inkqubela yomxholo ngaphakathi kwamathumbu. Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwamathambo e-parathyroid, ukugqithwa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphulwa kwe-metabolism yamaminerali. Ukugqithiselwa kwisifo sikashukela sinokubangelwa umonakalo kwi-intestinal nerve plexus okanye ekudambisweni komzimba womntwana.
• Amanye amayeza. Ngaphambi kokuba unike umntwana nayiphina imithi enqunywe ngugqirha, funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo. Ngokomzekelo, amalungiselelo ensimbi anqunyelwe i-anemia angabangela ukuqothulwa. Ukunamathela ngokukhawuleza kwimigaqo yokuthatha isilwanyana kuya kunceda ukuwuphepha. Ukugqithiswa kweziyobisi ngumphumo wokuthatha ezinye iziyobisi, phakathi kwazo ezibaluleke kakhulu izidakamizwa ezichasene nezidakamizwa, iintsholongwane ezingenayo i-neuroleptics, i-sorbents. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ixhomeke, eyakha ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okungalawulwayo kunye / okanye ixesha elide lokulwa namayeza. Kule meko, ukugcinwa kwesigxina kuyisiphumo se-intestinal dysbiosis. Ngaloo ndlela, kukho izizathu ezininzi ezinokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwesibalo kwintsana. Ngoko ke, kuphela ekusebenziseni unyango lokuqhawulwa, unokweqa isizathu esibangele. Yingakho ukuvela kokubanjwa komntwana kubonisa ugqirha.
Unokukunceda njani umntwana?
Ukuba umntwana uyasichukumisa, ukuxhamla, ukukhala, xa ugula isisu, kuyisicelo sokuncediswa. Yintoni enokunceda umntwana ngokuqhaqhazela? Ukunikezela ngamanzi amabhodlela ngamanzi (angabhoxwanga, ayenjalo). Kukulungele ukunika umntwana kwisirinji esilungile (engenazo inaliti), unokumnika amanzi kwisipuni. Nangona inani elincinci lomlambo elingena emathunjini liya kunceda ukunciphisa i-stool, nokukhuthaza umphumo wesigxina.
Ukusilalisa umzimba
Ukuzihlaziya kuqala ukuyenza ngokukhawuleza emva kokusela. Geza uhlabe izandla zakho ukuze zifudumale. Ekulweni nokuqhaqhazela, ukuxilwa kwesisu kufanele kwenziwe rhoqo: emva kokuvuka, kwaye emva kwexesha elingaphambi kokutya okanye kungekhona ngaphambi kweyure emva kokutya. Ukufuthwa kweso senziwa kwimeko yomntwana elele emva. Nasiphi na ukunyakaza kwenziwa ngaphandle kwengcinezelo eqinile. Usebenziso ngalunye luyenziwa ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-1-2, kubantwana emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, ixesha lokunciphisa umzimba lingadluliselwa. Ngethuba lokubutha, khuluma nomntwana, mncumo kuye. Jonga imeko yomntwana: ukusilalisa akufanele kubangele ubuhlungu okanye intlungu.
• Ngesandla sesandla sakho sokunene, yenza isetyhula ukunyuka kwexesha. Siqala kwintonga kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe sandisa isangqa ukusuka kwinqanaba elingaphantsi elingaphantsi kunye ne-hypochondrium echanekileyo, sidlula ngaphaya kwesisu kwi-hypochondrium engasekhohlo size siwele ekhoneni elingezantsi lasekhohlo. Sizama umncinci ukuba ucinezele kwi-hypochondrium ekunene (apho isibindi sitholakala khona) kunye ne-hypochondrium engasekhohlo (indawo yerenti). Ukubamba umlenze womntwana ngezandla zakhe kumacala omabini, siwahambisa emkhatsini wecala kwiindawo zesisu, siguqula izandla zethu phezu kwendoda. Senza i-stroking 1-2 imizuzu.
• Intendeni yesandla iqalisa ukubetha ummandla ukusuka kwintonga ukuya kwi-pubis. Sinobunzima bemi-1-2 imizuzu.
• Ukuhlamba i-sigmoid colon (inxalenye engezantsi yekoloni, idlula kwi-rectum). Ngokwahlula ngokwahlukileyo isisu somntwana kwizikwere ezine. Isikwere sezantsi esisekhohlo indawo yecolon sigmoid, ejikeleza le nqanaba ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu. I-colmo sigimoid, ngokukodwa xa izaliswe ngokusemthethweni, kulula ukuziva ngohlobo lwe-roller. Iminwe emibini icinezela ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yecolon sigmoid. Ukufumba kwiisetyhula, ngaphandle kokuhambisa iminwe yakho, imizuzu emi-2. Sekudlule emva kwemizuzu emi-1-2 yokusilalisa kunokuba kukho umnqweno wokuchasana. Gymnastics. Esikhundleni se-supine, bhinqa ngokuthe tye kwaye ungaguquli imilenze yomntwana, ucindezele kwisisu, amaxesha angama-6-8. Uyakwazi ukungafani nokuzivocavoca, ulandele ibhasi. Emva koko cindezela imilenze yomibini kwisisu somntwana, ubambe imizuzwana embalwa. Lungisa imilenze. Ukuzivocavoca kuphinda kuphindwe kumaxesha angama-8. Ukufezekisa ibhola enkulu yokuzivocavoca eneempondo kuncedo. Ukubeka umntwana umbhobho ebhola kwaye umvumela ukuba athabathe izimpondo, uyibeke kwibhola iminyaka emi-1-2. Ukuhambelana nokuzibandakanya ngentetho kunye neengoma: umntwana kufuneka athabathe kubo. Ukufuthwa kwesisu kunye ne-gymnastics kaninzi kusiza umntwana ukuba akhuphe amathumbu aze enze ukuhamba kwegesi kungeke kube buhlungu.
Ibhulo
Ukuba i-massage ayinakunceda, umntwana usenokubhaptizwa emanzini afudumeleyo, uze uyisuse kwindawo yokuhlamba kwaye uyifake. Emva koko, sisasaza umntwana kuye sisisu esiswini nge-tummy esingenanto okanye sibeka phezu kwesitya okanye i-diaper, ecinezela imilenze yomntwana kwisisu. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba isikhundla esincinci kakhulu kwintsana enobunzima bokuqhawula okanye ukuzithemba isithuba emva, kuba kwisimo esilungeleleneyo ukuzihlaziya umzimba kwamathumbu omntwana kubakho kwaye oko kuququzelelwa kweegesi kunye nokubambisana kwamathumbu kumathumbu.
Ukuqaliswa kwekhandlela
Ukuba oku akuncedi kwaye umntwana uyaqhubeka ekhala, unokufaka ikhandlela kunye ne-glycerin kwi-rectum. Sebenzisa amakhandlela rhoqo, njengonyango yokubanjwa, akufanelekanga: yi-ambulensi. Amakhandlela afakwa kwisithuba somntwana elele emhlane, enemilenze egobile kwisisu.
Ukusebenzisa ityhuthi yokuphuma kwegesi
Ukunciphisa imeko yomntwana, obhekene nokubetha kunye negesi, umntu unokusebenzisa umbhobho wegesi. Ukungena kwi-rectum akumele ibe ngaphezu kwe-3 cm ubude (kwi-pharmacy ungathenga i-catheter yecatter, inxalenye ejoyiweyo engadluli kwi-2.5 cm). I-catheter okanye ityhubhu ye-vent ifakwe kwisithuba somntwana elele emhlane okanye ngasecaleni layo ngemilenze eboshwe kwisisu. Isalathisi se-catheter okanye ityhubhu kufuneka ifakwe kwi-cream cream okanye i-petroleum jelly. Ngokuphathelele i-enema, akuyona nto inobungozi kwisiganeko somntwana, njengoko kudlalwa kakhulu. Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nendlela yokwenza isicelo, kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela wezingane. Ukuba ngaba amanyathelo angentla angenakunceda, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nodokotela wezilwanyana onokunika amachiza kumntwana wakho. Isilwanyana esikhethekileyo kunyango lokuqothula isiraphu ye-lactulose (umz. Dufalac), oya kuphakanyiswa ngugqirha. Khumbula ukuba nayiphina imishanguzo ifanelekileyo kuphela xa ichaphazela isizathu sokubanjwa. Ngokuqhaqha kunye ne-intestinal colic, umntwana uyongezwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo i-espumizan, i-simplex sapex, iplanktex ngaphambi kokutya ngamnye. Khumbula ukuba ukutyikitya kumntwana akusisifo. Isebenza kuphela njengombonakalo wokuthi into ephosakeleyo emzimbeni. Kwaza ugqirha kufuneka afune isizathu, kwaye alwe neempawu (kule meko ngendlela yokuqhawulwa). Ngoku siyazi into enokuyenza xa umntwana enomzimba.