Ngokwezibalo, i-70% yabantu bonke emhlabeni bafumana i-parasites eyahlukeneyo. Kulabo abasulele kwizilwanyana zasekhaya-malunga nesiqingatha. Kwaye yile idatha kuphela esemthethweni. Akufuneki ukuthetha, iimeko ezingekho "ezingekho emthethweni" zentsholongwane zihlandlo ezininzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuninzi, iintandokazi zezilwanyana zintlawulo zivuza abanikazi babo nge-tapeworm. Kwindawo yesibini - isifo se-parasitic echinococcosis.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukusulelwa ngu-echinococcus?
I-echinococcosis yi-parasitism, emzimbeni womntu inqunywe ukungena kunye nophuhliso kwizitho ezahlukahlukeneyo zezibungu ze-tapeworm yenja. Umntu kunye nezinye izityalo ziyimikhosi ephakathi kunye neyokugqibela yale philiki ewela emzimbeni wethu evela enja.
I-Tapeworm - imbumbulu efana ne-ribbon kuphela emithamitha embalwa ubude, iqulethwe ngamacandelo 3-4, ngalinye liqukethe amaqanda angama-400 ukuya kuma-800 ngeempethu. Emva kokuvuthwa kwabo, bashiya umzimba weenja kunye neendwangu zayo, ngaloo ndlela bangcola indalo (umhlaba, izithelo kunye nemifuno, kunye nezinye izinto ezihambayo). La maqanda azinzileyo kwaye ahlala kwimimandla, kwaye akukho mvula okanye ukushisa okuphezulu okanye okuphantsi kungaholela ekufeni kwabo. Ekuhanjisweni kwabo, indima enkulu idlalwe yiempukane apho bawela khona ukutya, ngomzimba nangenxa yesanti apho abantwana badlala khona. Unokubamba, mhlawumbi ukuphumla kwendalo, ukuba intlanzi zijikeleze.
Umntu unesifo njani?
Umntu usuleleka kwizityalo kunye nemifuno, apho amaqanda ayenayo, kodwa kunye nokuxhamla ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kunye nesilwanyana esilulelekileyo (i-caresses, ichukumisa, ibanga). Amaqanda omlomo, aqhelekanga angabonakali kwiso liso, aphenduke izibungu emathunjini, ngaloo ndlela abe namandla okungena emithanjeni yegazi, kwaye ukusuka apho ngegazi ukufikelela esibindi, emaphaphu nakwamanye amalungu. Ezi mphuphu zikhula ngokukhawuleza, ziba yimbangela yokuphuhliswa kwee-cychcoccal cysts, eziza kubonakala ngokubonakala kweempawu zangaphandle. Ezi ntshukumo zihlala zihlala zisesibindi (malunga nama-75% amatyala), imiphunga (20%), ngaphantsi kaninzi kwiintso, imisipha, i-spleen nezinye izitho zangaphakathi.
Ziziphi iimpawu ezikhuselekileyo zentsholongwane?
Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zizinja ezilahlekayo ezondla ukutya okungahlambulukanga kunye nokungcolileyo. Inja esikhathini esizayo ingaba ngumthombo osebenzayo wokusuleleka kwiminyaka engama-2-3. Ngaphezu koko, esi sifo kuyo siya kuba yinto engabonakaliyo kwaye ingabi nengozi kuye. Kodwa abanye baya kunzima.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-echinococcosis?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu zokuqala azibalulekanga kwaye azibonakali. Iimpawu zifumaneka ngokubanzi ngengozi, umzekelo. Xa udlula i-fluorography okanye i-ray-ray. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zixhomekeka kwiindawo zendawo. Xa ii-cysts zikhulu kakhulu kwaye zisemiphakeni, kukho ukukhwehlela, ukubetheka kwintliziyo kunye nasesibindi sesibindi. Ngaphandle, iimpawu zifana ne-pneumonia okanye i-bronchitis. I-ecinococcosis kwisibindi ibonakaliswa njengesibonakaliso se-tumor ekhula ngokukhawuleza, ngokokuba ukutshintsha ubukhulu kunye nesimo sesibindi kunokukhokelela kwintlungu yoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kwi-hypochondrium engezantsi. Kule meko iingxaki zingakhokelela ekuphuhliseni i-jaundice.
Ngaba abantu abasulelekileyo banengozi kwabanye abantu?
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abanikazi bezinja ezisuleleke nge-echinococcus parasites abaziyiyo ingozi kubantu, njengoko isifo singenakusuleleka kumntu kumntu. Oku kuyingozi kuphela kumnini, kuba i-echinococcosis isifo esibi kakhulu, ukupheliswa kwayo kunzima kakhulu, kuba imbungu ibeka amaqanda kwiimveliso ezijikelezayo. Unyango olusesikhatsini, njengomthetho, luqhutywa ngokususa inxalenye yelungu, ngaphakathi apho kukho ingqwalaselo yezidumbu. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi le nto ayinikezeli unyango olupheleleyo, kuba ukuba ubuncinane i-larva ihlala kumntu-iipasipati ziyakhula kwakhona.
Ziziphi iindlela esinokuzenza?
Into yokuqala kunye ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlambulula ubuntu kunye nokuhlambulula ngokucacileyo imifuno kunye neziqhamo phambi kokusetyenziswa. Emva kokuthetha nenja, kufuneka uhlambe ngokukhawuleza izandla zakho, kwaye oku kufuneka ufundise abantwana bakho. Inja ayifanele idle inyama eluhlaza kumthombo ongenakuxhamla - inokusuleleka nge-tapeworm. Ukutya ngokukodwa okulungiselelwe izilwanyana akukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Inja yakho isenokusuleleka, kodwa kusenokuba ukhetha ukondla kunokuba iyingozi.
Kubalulekile ukuqhuba ukugqithisa inja ngokwemiselo, ukubonisa ngezihlandlo kwi-veterinarian, kwaye ukuthintela iifleas ukuba iphindwe kuyo. Yiyo intlobo eyaziwayo ukuba ithwale izifo ezibi kakhulu ezinokuba yingozi kakhulu kubantu. Ngokwe-hypersensitivity, umntu unokuhlakulela i-blisters okanye i-rash rash, ehambelana nokubetha okukhulu kunye nokuphendula ngokubanzi-ukuphazamiseka, ukukhathazeka kunye nokulala. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba phantse zonke iinja ezihlala kwiindawo zokuhlala, ubuncinane kanye kanye ebomini babo, zithwele iiferethi, ngezinye izihlandlo ezingabonakali kubantu kwaye zichongwa kuphela ngamaconsi enja (ukuhlaziywa kwamathambo).
Amakati - abathwali be-toxoplasmosis
Ngokusekelwe kwinto yokuba iikati zizilwanyana ezicocekileyo, abaninzi abanini babo banquma ukushiya iimviwo zezilwanyana zokukhusela. Izibalo zibonisa ukuba i-90% yeekati zasekhaya azizange zivakashele udokotela wezilwanyana. Kodwa iikati zingaphinda zithwala izifo ezinzulu ezisongela impilo yabantu. Esinye sezifo ezinjengezilwanyana ezininzi ziyi-toxoplasmosis. Isifo esenzeka ngokungaqondakaliyo kwaye siphumelele ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lokuqala, eliyingozi emva koko. Ingozi ebaluleke kakhulu kubafazi abakhulelweyo. Ngexesha leenyanga ezi-3-6 zokukhulelwa umntwana kwisibeleko somama osuleleke kwi-toxoplasmosis angaqala ukuphuhlisa ngokungalunganga okanye ade afe. Eyona nto ingcono, umntwana uzalelwe nge-toxoplasmosis yokuzala.
Ingxaki kukuba izifo zesifo esi sifo zincinane kakhulu ngobukhulu. Ukungena ngaphakathi kweeseli, bakha i-cyst equlethe amakhulu amakhulu. Amakati awona mthombo oyintloko, ukunikezelwa rhoqo kweentsholongwane, ngoko banokuchaphazela abantu kunye nezinye izilwanyana ngokusebenzisa indle yabo yobomi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukutya amakati aluhlaza okanye inyama ephekiweyo kakhulu kwandisa ingozi yokusuleleka. E-United States, umzekelo, i-22.5% yabantu abangaphezu kwe-12 kunye ne-15% yabasetyhini beminyaka yobudala bayasuleleka kwi-toxoplasmosis.
Umonakalo ovela kwiimfucuza, esetyenziswa kumzimba womntu, uphatha amaqela amaninzi, kodwa amaninzi amaninzi achaphazela ingqondo kunye nodonga lwangaphakathi lweso. I-toxoplasmosis ye Congenital yenza i-brain-inflammation ye-brain and meninges, i-fever, i-spleen kunye nesibindi, ukuphunga, i-jaundice kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinzulu. Zifumaneka kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi okanye emva kwexesha lokukhula komntwana.
I-toxoplasmosis efumanekayo kwiimeko ezininzi ivela ngokungenakuqondakala, kodwa kunqabile ukuba kukho umkhuhlane, intlungu yesisu, ukwanda kwimizimba ye-lymph nodes, myocarditis, njl.
Khumbula: ukuba sibe ngabahlobo abathembekileyo bezilwanyana zethu ezifuywayo akukho imfuneko - kubalulekile kuphela ukuthobela imigangatho ephezulu yokucoceka kwaye ungaphuthelwa ukutyelela rhoqo kwizilwanyana zezilwanyana. Kwaye ungahlali ucinga malunga naziphi na izibungu onokuzifumana - ikati okanye inja kufuneka ibe yindoda ngokuvuya. Ngabo kufuneka udityanise, kufuneka uyithande, yenza oko ngokuhlakanipha kwaye ungabikho ngokugqithiseleyo.