Abantwana abane-HIV-ingxaki kuluntu

Kwiminyaka engama-30, isifo sengculaza siye saqhubeka. Namhlanje, phantse i-1% yabemi behlabathi banesifo se-HIV-abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 zabantu. Kulezi zigidi ezi-2 ngabantwana. Enyanisweni, abantwana abane-HIV yingxaki ebantwini ekufuneka ithathwe phantsi kolawulo. Kodwa oku kunokwenziwa kuphela kunye, ukuqonda isilinganisi sale ntlekele.

Ngeli xesha, ukusulelwa ngentsholongwane kaGawulayo kuye kwafunyanwa ngabantu abayizigidi ezingama-40-abantu abayi-7-8 amawaka bafa imihla ngemihla, ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 ngosuku. Kweminye imimandla yehlabathi, ngokomzekelo eMzantsi Afrika, i-HIV iyingozi kwimeko yabantu amazwe. Abantwana abangaba zigidi ezili-15 emhlabeni jikelele ziinkedama ngenxa yokusuleleka ngu-HIV.

IRashiya ingeyamazwe anesifo esiphakamileyo sentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abangaphezu kwe-100 000 abane-HIV baye babhaliswa ngokusemthethweni kweli lizwe, kwaye ukuxhaphaka kwangempela kwintsholongwane, ngokungqinelana nengqikelelo yecandelo, liphindwe kathathu ngaphezulu. Ukususela ngoSeptemba 1, 2010, kwakukho iziganeko ezingama-561 zentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-14 ubudala, abangama-348 abo baphathwe ngumama. Ngexesha lokubhaliswa kwe-HIV eRashiya, abantwana abangama-36 bafa.

Isifundo esiyintloko esifunyenwe ngethuba lobunzima be-HIV, iingcali ze-UN zikholelwa ukuba sinokuthintela ukusulelwa kwintsholongwane kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokhathalelo kunye unyango kubantu abaphila ne-HIV. Bobabini le mimandla yesenzo - ukuthintela kunye nonyango - iyasebenza ngokupheleleyo kubantwana.

Yintoni yatshintshile?

Kuyamangalisa ukuba i-community medical medical community iqokelele ngokukhawuleza ukujongana nengxaki yokusuleleka kwe-HIV. Ngonyaka emva kokuchazwa kokuqala kwesi sifo, i-agent yayo yesikhokelo-isifo se-immunodeficiency virus - safunyanwa. Emva kweminyaka emine, iimvavanyo zebhoratri zokuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwe-HIV kunye nokuvavanywa kwegazi lomnikelo kubonakala. Ngelo xesha, ubuninzi beenkqubo zokukhusela zaqala kwihlabathi. Kwaye emva kweminyaka eyi-15 kuphela, ngowama-1996, kuvela unyango lwe-HIV lwangoku, olwandise kakhulu ixesha kunye nomgangatho wobomi babantu abane-HIV kwaye yatshintsha kakhulu isimo sengqondo kuluntu.

Inkcazo "yesibetho sekhulu lama-20" iye yehla kwimbali. Okwangoku, i-HIV ibonwa oogqirha njengesifo esingasigxina esifuna unyango lwexesha lonke. Oko kukuthi, ukusuka kwimbono yezokwelapha, ukusuleleka kwe-HIV kuye kwaba sesinye sezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo sikashukela okanye umfutho wegazi. Iingcali zaseYurophu zivakalisa ukuba ngohlobo lwe-HIV unyango, ukulindela ubomi kwabantu abanesifo sengculaza kufuneka kungekudala balingane nobuntu bonke.

Abameli becawa, ababethatyathwa ngentsholongwane kaGawulayo njengento "isohlwayo ngenxa yezono", baye bawubiza ngokuthi "uvavanyo lokuba umntu kufuneka adlule ngokufanelekileyo" iminyaka emininzi, kwaye athathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokunceda abantu abane-HIV. Ngoku ukusuleleka ngo-HIV akuthiwa "isifo sezilwanyana ezixhatshazwayo, izihenyukazi kunye nabangqingili", ekuqapheliseni ukuba nokuba nesondo esingakhuselekanga singakhokelela nabani na ukuba banesifo sengculaza.

Unokuthintela ukuthintela njani intsholongwane yomntwana?

Indlela ephezulu yokudluliselwa kwe-HIV kwabantwana ivela kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ukubeletha okanye nobisi lwebele. Ngaphambili, umngcipheko wokosulelo lwalo lukhulu, 20-40%. Abantwana abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo bazalwa phantse kuwo wonke umama ogulayo. Kodwa usulelo lwentsholongwane kaGawulayo luyingqayizivele kuba oogqirha bafunde ukukhusela kwiimeko ezininzi! Ngaphandle kweso sifo sobungqina besifo esithile sokuzalwa, izicwangciso zokukhusela ezifanelekileyo ziye zaphuhliswa kule nto, ezinokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokusuleleka.

Umfazi ngamnye ngexesha lokukhulelwa uhlolwe kabini kwi-HIV. Xa kufunyanwe, kuthathwa amanyathelo okukhusela. Ziquka izinto ezintathu. Okokuqala kukuthatha amachiza athile. Inani labo (enye, emibini okanye emithathu) kunye nobude bokukhulelwa, okuvela kuyo ukuwamkela, kugqitywa ngugqirha. Okwesibini kukukhethwa kwendlela yokuhambisa. Njengomthetho, ibhinqa elijongene ne-HIV liboniswe kwicandelo le-quarantine. Okwesithathu ukulahlwa kwebele. Unina onentsholongwane kaGawulayo kufuneka alondle umntwana ngaphandle kwesifuba, kodwa ngeendlela zobisi ezilungisiwe. Yonke le mi sebenzi, kubandakanywa nokubonelelwa kweziyobisi kunye namafomula ebisi, akhululeki.

Umngcipheko wokutshintshwa kwe-HIV kumama ukuya komntwana uhluka ngommandla, mhlawumbi unxulumene neziphene ekuboneleleni ngamanyathelo okukhusela. Ingxaki ebalulekileyo kukuba abafazi abakhulelweyo abane-HIV bahlala bengakholelwa ekusebenzeni kokuthintela, okanye abazive benembopheleleko yempilo yengane engakazalwa. Ukuba owesifazane onentsholongwane kaGawulayo uthatha isigqibo sokuzala, ngoko kusemthethweni nje ukungafuni ukwenza amanyathelo okukhusela. Ngo-2008, uMphathiswa wezeMpilo uvume umyalelo othi "Ukubonelelwa ngononophelo lwezonyango ngabafazi abakhulelweyo abane-HIV nabantwana ababelethwe ngabazali abanesifo sengculaza", ecacisa ngokucacileyo ugqirha ukuba, ngokuhambelana nemilinganiselo yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV kumama kumntwana kwiiklinikhi ezahlukeneyo imeko.

Umntwana unokusuleleka ngu-HIV ngokudluliselwa kwegazi elingumngcipheko okanye ngezixhobo zonyango ezingcolileyo. Kwakungenelelo lwezonyango olukhokelela kwiintsholongwane ze-nosocomial ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980 eRussia (Elista, Rostov-on-Don) naseMpuma Yurophu (eRomania). Ezi ziqhambukayo, apho ininzi yabantwana, abaninzi abasanda kuzalwa, basulelekile, bavuselela uluntu jikelele kwaye benza ukuba bathathe ingxaki ngokukodwa. Ngethamsanqa, okwangoku, amaziko okunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokuqhelekileyo agcina inqanaba eliphezulu lolawulo lwe-sanitary kunye ne-epidemiological xa besebenza negazi, okwenze ukuba bakwazi ukuphepha iziganeko zentsholongwane ye-nosocomial yabantwana. Kwakhona, akukho nabantwana abanesifo sokungxilongwa kwegazi, okubonisa umgangatho womsebenzi wethu wesevisi. Iintsholongwane zinokusuleleka ngoGawulayo ngoqhagamshelwano lwezesondo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokujoba.

Malunga nonyango lweHIV

Ulwaphulo oluchanekileyo losulelo lwe-HIV kubantwana - unyango lwe-antiretroviral (APT) - lwenziwe eRashiya ukususela kuma-90. Ukufumaneka ngokubanzi kwe-APT kubonakale ukususela ngo-2005 kwaye kudibene nokuqaliswa kweprojekthi "Ukukhusela nokuPhathwa kwe-HIV / AIDS kwiRussia Federation", ephunyezwe yiNkqubo yoPhuhliso lweZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye noMphathiswa wezeMpilo welizwe lethu.

Unyango luyakunqanda ukuveliswa kwintsholongwane emzimbeni, apho i-immune system ibuyiselwa khona, kwaye isigaba se-AIDS asikho. Unyango luyinto yokusetyenziswa kwamachiza imihla ngemihla. Oku akusiyo "inxalenye" ​​yamacwecwe okumele athatyathwe ngokungqongqo kwixesha, njengama-90, kodwa iipilisi ezimbalwa okanye iifomsules ezithathiwe kusasa nangokuhlwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweziyobisi imihla ngemihla, kuba kunye nekhefu elifutshane ekulawuleni intsholongwane likhokelela ekuphuhlisweni koxhatshazo kunyango. Abantwana abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo badla ngokunyamezela unyango kakuhle kwaye baqhube ubomi obugcweleyo.

Njengamanje, abantwana abane-HIV bafumana imvume yokuhlala kwiqela lezingane. Esi sifo asikho inkcazo yokutyelela i-kindergarten okanye isikolo. Emva koko, kubantwana abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo, ingxaki ebantwini ayiyonto. Kubalulekile ukuba babe phakathi kwontanga yabo, ukukhokelela ubomi obuqhelekileyo kunye nokukhula ngokuqhelekileyo.