Malunga naye kutshanje uthetha ngakumbi nangaphezulu, kodwa ulwazi luvame ukuphikisana. Bathi i-cholesterol yinto embi emzimbeni kwaye kufuneka ilahlwe, kuthiwa luncedo kwaye iyabaluleka. Uphi inyaniso? Yintoni ngokwenene i-cholesterol - indima yayo yezinto eziphilayo kunye neyayikhemikhali yimizimba ichazwe kweli nqaku.
I-cholesterol yi-styrene kwaye ifumaneka ngokukodwa kwizicubu zezilwanyana, kubandakanywa nabantu. I-cholesterol yamahhala yinkalo ephambili yeembrane zeseli kwaye isebenza njenge-precursor ye-hormone ye-steroid, kuquka i-estrogen, i-testosterone, i-aldosterone kunye ne-bile acid. Inomdla kukuba i-body yethu ivelisa zonke iintlobo ze-cholesterol, esiyidingayo kwiimfuno ezifunekayo. Xa uqhuba izifundo malunga namazinga e-cholesterol, oogqirha baqaphela ngokwenene ukujikeleza i-cholesterol egazini, okanye ngamanye amazwi, izinga le-cholesterol. I-85% ye-cholesterol ejikeleza egazini iveliswa ngumzimba ngokwawo. I-15% eseleyo iphuma kwimithombo yangaphandle-ukusuka ekudleni. I-cholesterol yesidlo ifikelela emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa inyama, inkukhu, intlanzi kunye neentlanzi zasemanzini, amaqanda kunye nemveliso yobisi. Abanye abantu badla ukudla okunotye nge-cholesterol, kodwa banesifo se-cholesterol esezantsi kwaye, ngokuthe ngqo, badla abantu badla ukutya abaphantsi kwe-cholesterol, elinexesha elifanayo lamazinga e-cholesterol egazini. Umgangatho we-cholesterol egazini unokwandiswa ngokuthatha i-cholesterol yokutya, amafutha amaninzi kunye nama-acids e-trans fatty. Ukwanda kwe-cholesterol kudla ngokuxhomekeka kwi-atherosclerosis - ukubeka iifake kwiindonga zeempahla, ezinamathele kwigazi eliqhelekileyo. Ukuba iireyriyali ze-coronary zivaliwe, kunokuhlaselwa intliziyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba iinqununu zeplate zixhuma kwiindonga zeempahla, zingena egazini, kunye nalo zifikelela ebuchosheni kwaye zibangele i-stroke.
Yintoni "eyiyo" kunye "nombi" ye-cholesterol?
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeepoprostin (i-cholesterol), esebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo. I-lipoprotein ephantsi kakhulu iphethe i-cholesterol esesibindi ukuya kwezinye izitho zomzimba kunye nezicubu. Xa izinga le-cholesterol liphezulu kakhulu, i-cholesterol ifakwe kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi. Ngenxa yoko, kubizwa ngokuba "kubi" i-cholesterol. I-high-density lipoprotein, ngokuchaseneyo, ithwala i-cholesterol ukusuka egazini eliya kwisibindi, apho iqhutywe ize ikhutshwe khona emzimbeni. Ubungakanani bokuqokelela i-cholesterol enjalo ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi ncinane kakhulu. Yingakho i-cholesterol enjalo ibizwa ngokuba "entle". Ngamafutshane, ukuphakama kwama-lipoproteins, isichengeni se-cardiovascular disease kunye ne-atherosclerosis. Kudala abantu abangama-20 ubudala nangaphezulu, amazinga alandelayo ye-bioloji ye-cholesterol egazini anconywa:
1. I-cholesterol epheleleyo ingaphantsi kwe-milligram ye-deciliter (mg / dL);
2. I-cholesterol "engalungile" engekho ngaphezu kwama-40 mg / dL;
3. "I-cholesterol" enhle - engekho ngaphantsi kwe-100 mg / dl.
I-cholesterol kunye nesifo senhliziyo
Ininzi ye-cholesterol egazini ingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu. Ngama-1960 kunye nee-70s, izazinzulu zifumene unxibelelwano phakathi kwamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol kunye nesifo senhliziyo. Iipolisi ze-cholesterol, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-plaque, ziqokelela kwiindonga zeemitha kunye nokunciphisa izinga lokuhamba kwegazi. Le nkqubo yokunciphisa i-atherosclerosis kwaye ihlala ivela kwimibhobho eyenza igazi kwi-heart muscle kuzo zonke izitho kunye nezicubu. Xa omnye okanye amaninzi emisipha yehliziyo ayifumana igazi elaneleyo, ngokulandelanayo, i-oksijini kunye nezondlo, umphumo wentlungu yesifuba ebizwa ngokuba yi-angina. Ukongeza, iqonga le-platelet ye-cholesterol liyakhululwa ukusuka eludongeni lwesitya se-carnan kwaye senze ukuba siyivimbele, nto leyo eya kubakhokelela ekuhlaselweni kwentliziyo, ukuphazamiseka kunye nokufa ngokukhawuleza. Ngethamsanqa, i-cholesterol isebenzi inokulibaziseka, imisiwe kwaye ikhutshwe nje. Into ephambili kukuzibeka esweni kwaye ufumane uncedo kwiingcali ngexesha.
I-cholesterol kunye nokutya
Umzimba womntu ufumana i-cholesterol kwizinto ezimbini eziphambili: ezivela ngokwazo-ikakhulukazi ezivela esibindi - zivelisa inani elithile lale nto, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne 1000 mg. ngosuku. Ukutya kuqulethwe ne-cholesterol. Imveliso yemvelaphi yezilwanyana - ikakhulukazi amaqanda, inyama ebomvu, iinkukhu, ukutya kwezilwanyana zasemanzini kunye nemveliso yobisi yonke iqulethe ixabiso le-cholesterol. Ukutya kwemvelaphi yemifuno (iziqhamo, imifuno, iinkozo, i-nut kunye nembewu) ayinayo i-cholesterol nonke. Indoda yanamhlanje ithatha malunga ne-360 mg. i-cholesterol ngosuku, kunye nomfazi wesimanje malunga no-220-260 mg. ngosuku. I-American Heart Association icebisa ukuba i-cholesterol ye-daily average dose ayidluli kwi-300 mg. Kucacile ukuba abantu abanexinzelelo lwegazi kufuneka badle i-cholesterol ngamanye amaxesha angaphantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo umzimba uvelisa i-cholesterol eyaneleyo, eyimfuneko, ngoko akufuneki ukuba uyithathe ngokutya. I-fatty fatty acids iyona nto iphambili yekhemikhali ebangela amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini. Oku kulandela ukuba, ngokuxhasa ukutyiwa kwamafutha apheleleyo, ukunyuka kwe-cholesterol kunokunciphisa kakhulu, kuba ukutya okunothileyo kumafutha azalisekile kunokuquka i-cholesterol ephezulu.
Inendima yomsebenzi wokwenyama kwi-standard of cholesterol
Umsebenzi wokwenyama ukwandisa umgangatho we "cholesterol" kuwo onke, ngaphandle kokunye. Kwakhona kunceda ukulawula umzimba, ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela kunye negazi eliphezulu. Umsebenzi we-Aerobic (ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukugijima, ukubhukuda) kuphucula intliziyo yentliziyo kunye nokwandisa amandla omzimba wezinto eziphilayo. Ngamanye amazwi, indima yomsebenzi wokuzikhusela ekukhuselweni kwesifo senhliziyo ilula kakhulu. Kwanomsebenzi onomodareyitha, ukuba uyenziwa imihla ngemihla, unciphisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo iyahamba ukuzonwabisa, ukulima, ukugcina indlu, ukudansa nokuqina kwindlu.
Izinto zobungozi
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela izinga le-cholesterol - indima yezinto eziphilayo kunye neyakhemikhali emzimbeni. Ezi ziquka ukutya, ubudala, ubunzima, isondo, iimeko zofuzo, izifo ezithintekayo kunye nendlela yokuphila. Kwaye ngoku malunga nomnye wabo ngokubanzi iinkcukacha.
Ukutya
Kukho izizathu ezimbini zokuba kutheni umgangatho we-cholesterol egazini uphakama ngokukhawuleza. Eyokuqala. Oku kukusetyenziswa kokutya okuphezulu kumafutha azalisiweyo, ngelixa amafutha ngokwawo angenayo i-cholesterol (kuquka iimveliso ezinamazinga aphezulu eoli yemifuno ye-hydrogenated, kunye nesundu kunye neoli yekakhukhunathi). Okwesibini. Esi sisidlo esinomxholo ophezulu we-cholesterol (iqela lala ukutya okukhankanywe ngasentla). Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuphela kokutya kwezilwanyana kuqukethe i-cholesterol.
Ubudala
Iqondo le-cholesterol egazini landa kunye nobudala-kungakhathaliseki ukuba kutya. Le nto ibangelwa ngabagqirha xa bekhetha ukhetho lwezonyango kwizigulane ezinezinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol yegazi.
U bunzima
Isisindo esiphezulu, njengomgaqo, sikhokelela kumgangatho ophezulu we-cholesterol egazini. Ummandla apho ubunzima obuninzi bubekwe khona, udlala indima yayo. Umngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu xa ukugqithisa ngokweqile kukugxile kwisisu nangaphantsi xa kugxininiswe emagxeni nasemilenzeni.
Ngesondo
Amadoda ngokuqhelekileyo anesimo se-cholesterol esiphezulu, ngokungafani nabasetyhini, ingakumbi phantsi kweminyaka engama-50. Emva kweminyaka engama-50, xa abasetyhini bangena kwimizuzu yokunquma, bajonga ukwehla kwinqanaba le-estrogen, elibangela ukwanda kwenqanaba le "cholesterol".
Izimo zeGenesis
Abanye abantu bahlaselwa kwi-cholesterol ephakamileyo. Iintsilelo ezininzi zokuzalwa ezizalweni zingabangela ukwanda kwe-cholesterol okanye ukunciphisa amandla okupheliswa kwawo. Lo mkhwa wamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol ahlala esasazwa kubazali kubantwana.
Izifo ezihambelanayo
Ezinye izifo, ezifana nesifo sikashukela, zinokunciphisa i-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides, ngokukhawuleza ukuphuhliswa kwe-atherosclerosis. Ezinye iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi zinokunyusa izinga le-cholesterol "embi" kunye ne-triglycerides kunye nokunciphisa izinga le "cholesterol" elungileyo.
Indlela yokuphila
Umgangatho ophezulu woxinzelelo kunye nokubhema yizinto ezinokuchaphazela kakubi izinga le-cholesterol egazini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokuzilolonga unokwandisa izinga le "cholesterol" kunye nokunciphisa izinga "elibi".