Nangona kunjalo, maxa wambi ukwahlukana ngesondo kunokugqithiswa, kwaye ekuzaleni kunokuba nzima ukucacisa ukuba umntwana wesini. I-Hermaphrodite, isakhiwo sezitho zokuzala - ingaba nomntwana?
I siseko
Ukuchazwa komntu kunye nemiqondiso yowesifazane kunye nendoda, igama elithi "hermaphrodite" lisetyenziswe. Kwezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana, oku kuyinto evamile. Kumntu onjalo ukugula kukubhekiselele ekuchaseni ukwahlukana ngokwesondo.
Hermaphroditism
Igama elithi "hermaphrodite" livela egameni likaThixo, unyana kaHermes noAphrodite, kwimbali yamandulo yamaGrike edibaniswe emzimbeni omnye kunye nenkwenkwe yowesifazane. Kwimichiza, eli gama lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kwiintlobo ezithile zesini:
I-hermaphroditism
Efanelwe ukuphuhliswa kwefesti ngexesha elifanayo kunye namalungu omzimba wesetyhini kunye nabesifazane. Lo mntu unabo babini kunye nabasetyhini begonads, kwaye kwezinye iimeko - i-sex gland (i-ovotestis) ehlangeneyo, enezixhobo zenyama kunye namayeza. I-hermaphroditism yinyaniso inqabile kakhulu. Iincwadi zonyango zonyango ezimalunga nama-400 anjalo achazwe. Ezi zi gulane zibonisa ukuhluka okubalulekileyo kwisakhiwo sezitho zangasese zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Uninzi lwama-hermaphrodites, nangona kunjalo, lwaluveze ngakumbi iimpawu zesini zesini.
Pseudohermaphroditism
Ubonakaliswa ubukho bezitho zangasese zomzimba zangaphandle, ngelixa izithobe zesondo zenziwe ngokuchanekileyo ngohlobo lwabesilisa okanye lwabasetyhini.
Pseudohermabauditism
I-pseudohermaphroditism yiqela leemeko zesifo esithile apho umntu oneempawu zangaphandle zesini, kunye neengcingo zesini zenziwa ngohlobo lendoda okanye lwesetyhini. Laba bantu banamathelethi okanye ama-ovari, kwaye kungabikho bobabini. I-pseudohermaphroditism isifo esingaqhelekanga, kodwa kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokwenyaniso i-hermaphroditism. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ze-pseudohermaphroditism: yindoda kunye nesetyhini. Nge-female hermaphroditism, i-labia eyandisiwe kunye ne-clitoris ifana ne-scrotum kunye ne-penis.
Izizathu
Ubuninzi besini besilisa obuthathekayo buya kuba ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, umzekelo, ukuphulwa komsebenzi wee-testes ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwe-embryonic (i-gonadal dysgenesis), ukungabikho komzimba kwamathambo kwi-testosterone, ukungabikho kwe-enzyme eziqinisekisa ukuphendulwa kwezicubu kwi-testosterone.
I-pseudohermaphroditism
I-pseudohermaphrodites yabesetyhini i-chromosome esetyhini (46, XX), kodwa izitho zangasese zobulili zangaphandle zenziwa ngokukodwa okanye ngokupheleleyo kwindoda yesilisa. Baya kuba ne-clitoris ene-hypertrophic efana ne-penis. Ukuvulwa kwesondo kuya kuvalwa. Ukubonakala kwendoda ebonakalayo kubangelwa ukuveliswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwamahomoni angamadoda ngama-adrenal glands ngexesha lophuhliso lomama.
Ukungasebenzi
Isizathu salesi sifo esingavamile sinokuphulwa kwemveliso yee-enzyme ngeengqungquthela ze-adrenal, ngokuqhelekileyo i-21-hydroxylase. Le enzyme iyimfuneko yokuveliswa kwee-hormone ezimbini ezinkulu ze-adrenal gland, i-cortisol kunye ne-aldosterone. Ngenxa yokusilela kwe-21-hydroxylase, la ma hormone aveliswa ngokwaneleyo. Ngokungalingani kwe-hormonal, umzimba uphendula ngokunyusa umveliso we-horrenone ye-adrenocorticotropic, leyo leyo eyenza ivuselele i-adrenal glands.
Amahomoni wesini
Ngokunyuka kwinqanaba le-horrenone ye-adrenocorticotropic, i-adrenal glands iyasebenza, ivelise, phakathi kwezinye, i-hormone zesini zesini, kunye ne-androgens. Ngaphantsi kwefuthe labo kumzimba wesetyhini, kubonakala iimpawu zesilisa. Abantwana abanokungaqhelekanga kulo lonke ubomi badinga unyango lwama-substitution kunye ne-aldosterone. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuzalisa i-enzyme ekhoyo. Ukuba umntwana unobuntu besondo, kubalulekile ukuba anqume ukuba uya kuba yindoda okanye ibhinqa. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimfuno zomntwana. Ubuninzi bobulili buyenzeka, kuyacaca sele sele kuzalwa. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha amanyathelo angxamisekileyo. Ukunyanga okungekho sikhokelo komntwana osisifo somzimba kungabangela iingxaki ezinzulu yena kunye nabazali bakhe. Ukunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo kudlalwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvela komntwana ekukhanyeni.
Inkwenkwe okanye intombazana?
Bonke oomama nooyise bafuna ukwazi ukuba isini umntwana wabo osana. Xa kukho ukungathandabuzeki ngalokhu, ukuphendula okukhawulezileyo akufanele kunikwe. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima kubaqeqeshi bezobugqirha ukuba bangaphenduli umbuzo oyintloko wabazali - baphoqeleka ukuba bathi le yinkwenkwana okanye intombazana.
Ukukhawuleza ngesigqibo
Ubunzima bubangelwa nokuba isigqibo ngesini, esithathwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa, kamva kunzima kakhulu ukutshintsha. Ukususela ekuqaleni, abazali kunye neentsapho baphatha amantombazana kunye namantombazana ngokwahlukileyo. Lo mahluko ubonakala ngokukhawuleza - umzekelo, abafana abasanda kuzalwa banxibe ngeengubo eziluhlaza, kunye namantombazana - ngepinki. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqonda komntwana ngesini sakhe senziwa malunga nonyaka nesigamu esidlulileyo. Ngako oko, kwezinye iimeko kulunge ukutshintshela isimemezelo sesondo kunokuthatha isigqibo esiphuthumayo nesingalunganga.
Iziphumo zengqondo
Oogqirha kunye nezigulana kufuneka zicinge ngekamva kwaye ziqwalasele ukuba isimo sengqondo esibalulekileyo somntu ngokubonakala kwakhe - kwaye ngokukhethekileyo kwisini - kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo enengqondo yengqondo.
Ubuntwana
Abantwana-i-hermaphrodites bayakwazi ukuba bahluke kwabanye xa beqala ukuthetha neontanga zabo esikolweni. Bayakwazi ukuphawula iinkxalabo zabazali malunga nokuxhaswa kwabo ngokwesondo.
Ixesha lokushicilela
Ixesha lokushicilela liyindawo ebalulekileyo yokuphuhlisa wonke umntu. Iingxaki kule minyaka ehambelana nolwazi lwesini okanye ukubukeka ziyaziwa kwaye ziyakhathazeka kakhulu. Kwi-hermaphrodites, ixesha lokushicilela likwazi ukuhamba ngakumbi. Abanye babo banokulibaziseka ubusuku. Abanye bangaphazamiseka ngenguqu ebonakalayo emzimbeni, umzekelo, ukukhula kweenwele ebusweni kunye nokwanda kwintombazana yentombazana, ukuphuhliswa kweengcambu zentombazana enomfana.
Ukuzimisela ngokwesondo
Ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo malunga nokukhetha ngesondo sesilfrodite, ugqirha kufuneka axoxe ngokucacileyo kunye nabazali oko kukulungele umntwana. Iqhinga elichanekileyo lezenzo ngokubhekiselele kumntwana wesifo sesifuba sithetha ukungabikho kwimibiko engxamisekileyo malunga nesondo sakhe.
IBhunga
Isigulane ngasinye siyabonisana ngokubambisana nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabagqirha bezingane, kwakunye neengcali ezizodwa. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zofuzo kunye neziphumo ze-ultrasound, isondo esamkelekileyo kumntwana sinqunywe. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kuvumela ukubonakala kwamalungu angaphakathi, afana nesisu okanye amathongi angayifinyekanga kwindawo eqhelekileyo. Abazali bahlala becinga imizwa eyahlukileyo: ukuthuthumela, ukungenakunceda, ukucaphuka okanye ukwesaba. Iimeko ezinzima zidinga ingxoxo epheleleyo kunye nodliwano-ndlebe nabazali.
Ukwenza izigqibo
Ngamanye amaxesha udokotela badinga ngaphezu kosuku olunye ukugqiba isini esinye isondo esifanelekileyo kumntwana. Ngethuba elifanayo, enikezelwa iingxaki zabazali, oku kufuneka kuthathe ixesha elincinane kunokwenzeka. Ngaphambi kokufikelela kwisigqibo sokugqibela, isatifikethi sokuzalwa asikwazi ukukhutshwa. Ngaphambi kokuhoxiswa kokugqibela, bonke abantu abanomdla (kuquka abahlobo kunye nezihlobo) ngokubhekiselele kumntwana kufuneka bayeke ukusebenzisa amagama achaza isondo, umzekelo "yena" okanye "yena".
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabazali
Isigqibo sokugqibela malunga nesondo somntwana sithathwa ngokubambisana nabazali. Oku kuthatha ingqalelo isethi ye-chromosome, i-heredity, umsebenzi we-enzyme, kunye neempawu ze-anatomy kunye ne-physiology yendalo. Kunokuba nzima ukuthumela le nkcazelo kwiingane. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi weengcali ezinxulumene nokusombulula le ngxaki kukubonisa iingongoma eziphambili ngokucacileyo ngokunokwenzeka, ngelixa zodwa zibonisa uvelwano novelwano. Isigqibo sokugqibela kufuneka sikhethwe ngokwesini, apho umntwana angaphila ubomi bakhe bonke ngokuphepha. Uninzi lweengcali zincoma ukuba umntwana akhuliswe njengentombazana. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-hermaphrodites yezesondo zesini kunye noncedo lwe-plastic surgery kulula ukulungelelanisa iimpawu zangaphandle zesini zesini. Njengomthetho, kwikamva, bafikelele ngempumelelo kuluntu njengowesifazane. Enye enye inkwenkwekazi, obonakala ngathi kunzima ukutshintsha ngokwaneleyo ukumnika iimpawu zesilisa. Ngoko ke, kulungele ukukhulisa umntwana onjalo njengentombazana. Kwixesha elizayo, uya kubonakala njengentombazana eqhelekileyo, kwaye kamva njengowesifazane (kodwa akakwazi ukuba nabantwana). Ngokomthetho, ubulili besini kuya kuboniswa kwisatifikethi sokuzalwa somntwana. Ukuba eso sigqibo senziwe, zonke izicubu zeetestular zisuswe. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba amathambo anokuveliswa kumathambo, angakhokelela ekubonakaleni kwempawu zamadoda (umzekelo, ukukhula kweenwele ebusweni). Okwesibini, kwimizimba yesetyhutyana kwiminyaka emva iyakwazi ukuguqulwa kwesisu. Ukuba isigqibo senziwe ukuba sikhulise umntwana-isilfrodite njengenkwenkwe kwaye enesifo esincane kakhulu (micropeniasis), kubalulekile ukuqala unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ngaloo ndlela, inokufezekiswa ukuba, njengoko ekhula, uya kuba nokubonakala komntu osondeleyo.
Ukhangele phambili
Xa senza nasiphi na isigqibo, kuyimfuneko ukucinga ngekamva, ucinga ukuba yiphi indlela yobomi umntwana oya kubakho kwixesha elizayo kunye nendlela ajika ngayo kuluntu.