Abancedisi abalulekileyo
Iingcamango zengqungquthela yindlela yokuphendula ngokungabandakanyekanga komntwana kwi-external stimulus. I-neonatology yanamhlanje ibona njengoluhlobo "lwezixhobo" zesikhashana kwixesha lokuqala lokuphila kweemvumba: enyanisweni, nangona iimeko ezininzi zomzimba zisasesikweni sokukhula, umntwana kufuneka akwazi ukulawula imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, umzekelo, ukuphefumla, inkqubo yokutya. Ukongezelela, ubukho beengcamango zokuqala zibonakalisa ukuphuhliswa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokukhula okusebenzayo kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi. Ngoko ke, uvavanyo lokuqala lweengcamango umntwana uyadlula kungekudala emva kokuzalwa.
Kukho iintlobo zeengcamango:
- ukubonelela ngomsebenzi weendlela ezisisiseko zomzimba (ukuphefumula, ukusabalalisa, ukugaya kunye nabanye): ukusana, ukuphefumula njalo njalo;
- ukukhusela (ukukhanya ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, ukuvala amehlo xa ubathinta);
- ukubonisa (ukucinga i-reflex, ukujika kwentloko kumthombo wokukhanya);
- (i-archaic, ilifa elivela kwiokhokho), eliza kuphelela: ukuqonda ngokucacileyo, ukuhamba ngokuzenzekelayo, ukukhwela kunye nabanye.
Namhlanje, i-reflexes yokuzalwa kwengane engama-15 iyaziwa. Kutheni i-nature ibhalela abaninzi kangaka, izazinzulu zifumana kunzima ukuphendula, kodwa kuyacaca-zonke ziyimfuneko kwinqanaba elithile lophuhliso lomntwana. Ezinye iingcamango ziqhubekayo kubomi (umz., Ukuphefumula), kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ziphela njengokuba ubuchopho bukhula (ngeenyanga ezi-4 ukuya ku-5 zokuphila). Indawo yabo ihlala yinkqubo ehambelana neengxaki kunye neemeko zokuziphatha ezixilisayo, umsebenzi wazo "uphethwe" yi-cortex ye-cerebral (kunokuba izakhiwo ezingekho phantsi kwendawo kunye nobuchopho obuphakathi, njengokuba kunjalo nangengcamango engapheliyo). Ukuphuhlisa umntwana ngokwenyama, sibeka isiseko sobunzulu obuphezulu-kubantwana ezi zinto zihambelana kakhulu! Oososayensi baseMelika baqhuba uqeqesho olutsha olusandula ukuhamba-olusekelwe ekuzaleni "ukuhamba" kwengqondo: ngaphambi kokuba uncelise, umama ubeka itafile etafileni ukuze abuyele imilenze. Ngokweziphumo zolu cwaningo, bonke "abagijimi" baqala ukuhamba bodwa kwiinyanga ezisixhenxe ukuya kwezibhozo, kwaye bebulumko ngakumbi kunezinye iifana.
Hlola!
Ngokuqinisekileyo, kuphela oyingcali ye-neonatologist inokuqonda ngokucacileyo ubunzima be-"primary" abancedisayo kwintsana, kodwa kuya kuba luncedo kubazali ukuba bafunde kabanzi malunga neengcamango. Inyani kukuba inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwezinto eziphathekayo ngokwemfuyo yomntwana kunyaka wokuqala wobomi iyalondolozwa, kwaye ihlolisisa rhoqo i-reflexes kunye nokuvavanywa kwamandla okuphuhliswa kwawo okuvumela ukuba kubekho ukuphulwa kwinqanaba le-nervous system. Ngaphandle koko, ukujonga "izakhono" zeemvuthu kunomdla kakhulu! Ngoko, senza i "test reflex": I-reflex yokusesha (i-Kussmaul reflex) - umntwana uphendulela intloko ngokuphendula kwisithanga, kwaye xa ugxuma isikhumba ekhoneni lomlomo - wehlisa umlomo ophantsi kwaye ulahlekise ulwimi olushukumisayo (ukukhangela isifuba somama). Le ngcamango iyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokufunwa kwemvelo, kwaye ivakaliswe ngokukhethekileyo ngaphambi kokutya. Ufa ngaphandle kweeveki ezi-6 ukuya ku-7, epheleka ngokupheleleyo ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala. I-reflex suckling - ibonakaliswe ekunyameni okunyayo, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukubeka umunwe okanye i-pacifier emlonyeni. "Ukusebenza" ngunyaka wokuqala. I-proboscis reflex - ngokubetha kancane emlonyeni womntwana, isisu esisetyhula yomlomo sivumelwano, kubangela ukwandiswa komlomo kunye neproboscis. Ukufikelela kwiinyanga ezimbini okanye ezintathu. I-reflex ye-palm-mouth (i-refkin ye-Babkin) - xa ucinezela isithupha sakho entendeni yomntwana (kwindawo yokuphakama kwesithupha), umlomo uvula kwaye ikhanda liyajika. Ilahleka kwiinyanga ezintathu okanye ezine. Ukukhupha i-reflex (i-reflex ye-reflex) - xa uthintwa yintendelezo yesandla, umntwana uthabatha ngokuzenzekelayo aze abambe "." Kwaye kunzima kakhulu: umzekelo, unako, ukubamba izandla emva kweminwe yomntu omdala, uxhoma, ugcine ubunzima bomzimba wakhe! Kancinci buthathaka ngeenyanga ezintathu okanye ezine. Ingqungquthela yokukhusela - kwisikhundla esiswini, umntwana uphakamisa intloko kwaye uyiphendulela ecaleni kwakhe ukuze angabandezeli (kunye ne-hypertonus, ikhanda liphonswa emuva, ngamanye amaxesha liqikelelwa ngephutha ngokukwazi ukulibamba). Ukufikelela kwiinyanga ezimbini.
I-refins yaseBabinsky (plantar) - xa umlenze ulandelwa ngaphaya kwelo lunyawo, iinzwane zenyawo zikhupha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo (kwaye ucinezela ngomnwe kwinqanaba leenyawo kubangela ukuba iminwe iguqule). Ukufikelela kwiinyanga ezine ukuya ezintlanu. I-Moro Reflex - ivela ngesandi esikhulu, ukuxhatshaza ngokukhawuleza: ekuqaleni inkonyana ixhomekeke, idonsa idibanisa ize ikhulise iminwe yakhe, ngoko-njengokungathi iyavuma. Kunconywa ukuphumeza kuphela ngenjongo yokuxilonga, ukwenzela ukuba ungayesabi ixesha elilodwa. Iintswelo ngeenyanga ezine okanye ezintlanu. Inkxaso ye-Reflex - ukuba uyayikhulisa umntwana, uyifake phantsi kwe mouse (intloko ifanele ixhaswe ngeminwe yenkcazo), igoba imilenze kumalungu. Ekubeni kwenkxaso - ihlala phezu kweenyawo zakhe ezipheleleyo kwaye "imele" kwimilenze ebolileyo, iqondise i-trunk. Ukubonakaliswa kwinyanga kunye nesiqingatha. I-Reflex yokuhamba ngokuzenzekelayo-ukuqhubeka kwe-support reflex. Esikhundleni sokuma (umntwana ubanjwe phantsi kweigundane), i-crumb ihlala kwimilenze etafileni, kwaye ukuba uyayifakela phambili phambili - "iya" (kukho ukunyakaza okuhambayo). I-Physiological ukuya kwinyanga kunye nesiqingatha. I-Reflex yokukhahlela (i-Bauer) - kwindawo yokumisa umntwana uyaphakamisa intloko yakhe kwaye inqabile, ukuba ubeka isandla sakho ezinyaweni (ukuxoshelwa kwenkxaso). Ukufikelela kwiinyanga ezine. I-Talent Reflex - xa uswayipha ngomunwe wakho emzimbeni ukusuka ehlombe ukuya emathangeni, umntwana uhlala ekhompheni. Ukufikelela kwiinyanga ezintathu okanye ezine. I-Reflex Peres - ukuba udlula umnwe wakho emgodini ukusuka kwintlanzi ukuya entanyeni, umntwana uya kugoba, aphakamise intloko aze ameme. Ukufikelela kwiinyanga ezintathu okanye ezine. Ukuchukumisa ukutshiza - umntwana wenza intshukumo efana nokubhukuda, ukuba uyifaka kwisisu sakho. Ukufikelela kwiinyanga ezintathu okanye ezine. Ukulibazisa ukuphefumula kwe-reflex - xa amanzi ehlasela ubuso, umntwana usuphefumula ngokuphefumula imizuzwana emi-5-6. I-Reflex inceda umntwana ukuba anqobe ngokukhuselekileyo isalathiso sokuzalwa (kwaye emva koko oku kukwazi okuhlukile kwintsana esetyenziswayo kusebenzisa iindlela zokufundisa abantwana abancinci). Ihamba emva kwenyanga yesithathu.
Kukho inkuthazo!
Ngaba kufanelekile ukuhlaziya iingcamango zomntwana? Iingcamango zengcali kule ngxaki ziye zahlulwa: abanye bacinga ukuba kunamathele (baya kufana nabo bonke), abanye bayaqiniseka ukuba kuxabiseke!
Ngenxa yokuba:
- Ukukhuthazwa kweengcamango ezingenakuncediswa kukukhuthaza "ukuphuhliswa" kwabo kwizakhono ezizinzileyo zezakhono (ukuxhasa, ukudonsa, ukukrazula, ukubhukuda);
- umntwana ukhula ngamandla, agile, aguquke. Ukongeza, imisebenzi enjalo iquka ukudibanisa okusebenzayo komntwana kunye nabazali, ukwandisa umsebenzi wakhe kunye nokukwazi ukunxibelelana nommandla.
Kwinqaku
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-reflexes yomntwana ophilileyo iyingqamaniso ("impendulo" ifanayo efanayo kokunene nakwesobunxele). Uxinzelelo lweengcamango zingabandakanywa nokuphulwa kwetoni ye-muscle okanye ukungasebenzi kakubi kwenkqubo ye-nervous. I-Reflexes inexabiso lokuxilonga kuphela ngokubambisana nezinye iimpawu (ukutshintsha nayiphi na ingcamango ngokungabikho kwezinye izifo zentsholongwane ayikho isizathu sokwesaba).
I-Gymnastics yokuphuhliswa kweengcamango
Ezi zifundo zikhuthaza ukuqonda kunye "nokunyathela" iingcamango. Abasunguli bezinye iindlela zokuphuhliswa kwexesha eliqala uBoris no-Elena Nikitina babekholelwa ukuba inkqubo encinci iya kuba yaneleyo: ukuphuhlisa i-reflexes, umntwana uqeqeshelwa "kwiphondo lokuqala", kwaye akafundi yonke into "entsha", enikwa nzima. Ukutshintshela iminwe yenkcazo kumanqwana amancinci kwaye uzame ukuyiphakamisa ngaphezu kwesikhalazo okanye uyibeke kwimilenze. Faka i-crossbar kwisibhedlele uze ubonise ukuba ungathathwa njani. Ukuqiniswa, umntwana uya kuqinisa imisipha yeengalo kunye nomva, ngaphambi kokuba aqale ukuhlala phantsi aze avuke. Beka imilenze kwaye umcele ukuba "uhambe kancane". Ngaba ufuna enye? Ngaphantsi kokukhokelwa ngumqeqeshi onolwazi, zama ukuncelisa (ithula "i-reflexes" yamanzi) okanye isenzo esivela kwi-gymnastics enamandla (sele idibene nodokotela wezingane ngaphambili). Le ndlela ibuyele kwixesha elidlulileyo: eRashiya abantwana babesoloko bebanjwe phantsi kweemvumba, baphonswa, bajikeleza. Ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kunye neenguquguko kukuneliseka kweemfuno zeemoto zeemoto ngexesha apho ukunyakaza okuzimeleyo akukafumaneki kuye.