Isikolo esiprayimari sisihlandlo esikhethekileyo ebomini, kokubili umntwana kunye nabazali. Ngeli xesha, kunokubakho iingxaki ezinkulu kumntwana omncinane wesikolo. Kulapha nakwekho, kukho iintlobo zokuthetha ngeenkqubo ezinzima kunye nemithwalo ephakamileyo, ubudlelwane kunye nootitshala nabaontanga. Kukho abazali abathi, ngegama elithi "isikolo", intliziyo iyancipha kwaye uxhalaba luya emphefumlweni. Aba ngabazali besikolo esincinci, ngokukodwa abo banesiphi na impawu zenyama kunye neengxaki. Okanye bangakwazi ukuvela ngexesha loqeqesho. Ndingathanda ukucebisa abazali ukuba bazenzele ndawonye, bezolile baze baxhase umntwana wabo.
Umntwana ushiywe ngesandla.
Kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, bonke abantwana, ngaphandle kokungahambi kakubi, ngokuqhelekileyo basebenzise zombini izandla ngokulinganayo. Isandla sasekhohlo okanye sokunene sithandwa kwibudala. Amakhwenkwe amaninzi asoloko ekhohlo (malunga, ishumi leshumi). Kwixesha lamaSoviet, aba bantwana esikolweni kufuneka bahlaziywe. Kodwa akuzange ikhokele kuyo nayiphi na into entle. Ingqondo yengane yaxineka, kwakukho ukulibaziseka kwizakhono zokufunda, ukubhala, ukudweba, ukubetha. Ngoku isimo sengqondo esibhekise kubantu abasesandleni esisekhohlo sitshintshile. Ukukhethwa kwesandla sasekhohlo akusiyo i-whim yomntwana, kodwa iimpawu zomsebenzi wengqondo yakhe. Abantwana abanjalo basengozini kakhulu, banqabile, baninzi badla ngobuchule kwaye baqonda ngokucacileyo ihlabathi elibajikelezile. Phakathi kwababhiyozeli kukho iindawo ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, u-Queen Elizabeth oyiNgesi, abaqingqi bamakhulu kunye nabaculi (Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci), abaculi abadumileyo.
Xa ungena esikolweni, kuyimfuneko ukulumkisa utitshala malunga nokuzikhethela komntwana wakho, okumele kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa uhlala abantwana kwideski. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze bangaphazamisane xa bebhalwa. Nangona umntwana wakho ukhetha ukwenza ngesandla sakhe sobunxele, ngoko kufuneka ahlakulele okulungileyo. Unokwenza, udibanise, ufunde ukudlala izixhobo zomculo. Ngelinye igama, ukwenza ezo zintlobo zomsebenzi, apho kufuneka kwenziwe isenzo esisenziwa ngezandla zombini.
Umntwana unobungozi obubonakalayo.
Ubudala bokungena esikolweni buhambelana nexesha lokungazinzi ukusebenza kwamalungu ombono. Ukuqala koqeqesho, ngexesha elifanayo, linxulumene nokwanda okwenziwe kumthwalo emehlweni. Phantse iipesenti ezintlanu zabantwana baneengxaki zembono ngaphambi kokuba bangene esikolweni baze bagqibe iiglasi. Eminye ingozi yokuphuhlisa i-myopia. Abazali akufanele bakhathazeke. Ootitshala kufuneka, kunye nomsebenzi wezonyango wesikolo, bakhethe icebo elihle lokuhlala, ngokubhekisele kwisantya sokukhubazeka okubonakalayo kunye nokukhula komntwana.
Umntwana ugula ngesifo sikashukela.
Isikolo sinemibono emitsha, kwandiswe imithwalo yengqondo kunye nemizimba. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokutya, abantwana besikolo baqhubeka nokusebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuphepha umthwalo omzimba okanye we-neuropsychic. Ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko yomntwana, ugqirha unokunika iiklasi zokufunda ngokomzimba kwiqela elilungiselelweyo. Ukuqeqeshwa kwezemidlalo nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimincintiswano akuvumelekile. Umntwana ogulayo kufuneka abe naye "uhlobo lwepasipoti" yesifo sikashukela, apho igama lakhe, idilesi, ukuxilongwa, umthamo kunye nexesha lokulawula i-insulin kuboniswe. Ukuba umntwana uyagula aze alahlekelwe ingqalelo, loo mqulu uza kumnceda ukuba afumane uncedo olufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Unokwenza umyalelo umntwana wakho ibhonkethi ekhethekileyo okanye uphawu lokubhala igama lakhe, igama, idilesi kunye nokuxilongwa.
Umntwana uhamba ngokukhawuleza.
Abazali abaninzi banenkxalabo yokuba oku kuya kumenza angaphumeleli. Phantse isiqingatha sabantwana ngesizathu esithile asinakuhlangabezana nesantya abantu abadala abafuna kubo. Yaye umntwana ngamnye weshumi ngokucacileyo uyaphumelela kunabanye. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zezi. Esi sisifo, kunye nokungakhangeli kokusebenza kwenkqubo ye-nervous, kunye neempawu zomoya, kunye nokukhusela. Kuphosakeleyo ukuqwalasela ukuziphatha okunjalo komntwana njengenkani, ukungathobeli. Emva koko, ukuba unayo ixesha elaneleyo, wenza umsebenzi. Abantwana abanjalo abanako ukukhawuleza, oku kubakhokelela. Ubunzima kumntwana onesilumko, ewe, uya. Kuya kuba nzima kuye ukwenza izabelo kwizifundo, xa kukho imida. Loo mntwana uguqulela, naye. Kodwa abantwana abanesilumko banamathuba abo: benza imisebenzi ngokucophelela, ngokunyanisekileyo nangengqiqo.
Sebenzisana nomntwana omncinci wesikolo ekhaya, kwaye ekugqibeleni yonke into iya kuba yindawo. Kubantwana abaneenkalo eziphezulu zeenkqubo zokuvimbela, izakhono zithengwa ngokulibaziseka malunga neenyanga enye. Kodwa zizinzile kwaye azipheli phantsi kweemeko ezimbi.
Umntwana usebenza kakhulu.
Abantwana abancinci besikolo, ngokukodwa abaqalayo, bangagcina ingqalelo kwi-15-20 imizuzu. Emva koko baqala ukujikeleza, benze isandi, badlale. Ukuxhalabisa ngeemoto kuyindlela yokukhusela yomzimba womntwana, engamvumeli ukuba azenzele ukukhathala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukukhathala komntwana omncinci wesikolo kungathiwa ukuhlaziya ukubhala ngesandla, ukwandisa inani leephoso, "iiphambeko zentsiphu", ukunciphisa intambo yokuthetha. Ukungafihli, ukungaboni, ukunyaniseka, ukulila, ukucaphuka.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwisikolo sokuqala esikolweni kunye nesikolweni, ubuninzi bexhala lubangela isifo somsebenzi wokunyuka kwemoto. Abantwana abanezibonakaliso zabo bahamba ngokugqithiseleyo, bengenasiphelo, bengacabangi kwaye bahlambalaza. Le ngxaki ixhaphake kubafana, oomama ngexesha lokukhulelwa baye bafumana naziphi na izifo. Njengomthetho, xa uneminyaka eyi-12 "isithuthuthu somoya" siyaxhaswa, kwaye umntwana uya kulungelelanisa. Abantwana abaneenkqubo ezininzi zokubakhuthaza bahlala bekhupha abaontanga babo ekuphuhlisweni kwemisebenzi yentetho nakwizenzo ngezinto.
Indlela yokunceda "umntwana womama" afane nesikolo.
Abantwana abaninzi baya esikolweni okokuqala ngentshisekelo kunye nokuzimisela ukuqhuba izabelo zokufundisa. Bayavuya ngokugqithiseleyo ilizwi lomfundisi kwaye bazalise iimfuno zakhe. Kodwa kwixesha elizayo, abantwana abancinci besikolo babhekana nobunzima. Bajongene nokukhetha phakathi "kokufunwa" kunye "kufuneka", "banomdla" kwaye "abanamdla", "banako" kwaye "abafuni." Ubomi bomfundi wokuqala wonyaka wenza iimfuno ezinkulu kwiintando zomntwana. Kubalulekile ukuvuka ngexesha, ukuba nexesha lokuya esikolweni ngaphambi kokufowunelwa, ukufeza imithetho emininzi, ukuba ukwazi ukulawula indlela yokuziphatha ngayo. Zizakhono zokuzithiba ezenza umntwana akwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokukhawuleza nakulula esikolweni.
Ixesha lokuzilungelelanisa lingahlala kwinyanga nganye ukuya kwinyanga, ngoko ke abazali baya kufuneka babe nomonde. Ncedisa umntwana wakho, inkxaso, caress, insimbi. Khumbula umntwana wakho wesikolo, xelela unyana okanye intombi yakho ngezihlandlo ezimnandi. Into ebalulekileyo kukuvumela umntwana ukuba ukuba kunzima kuye, uya kuqonda kwaye uyamnceda. Uthembisa ukuba kuzo zonke iingxaki uza kuhlangabezana nazo.
Wonke umntwana ulindele ukudunyiswa kwabazali, nakwizinto ezincinci. Yabelana naye ngovuyo. Iimpawu zibeka kwindawo evelele kakhulu, iincwadi zokubhala kunye namanqaku amnandi abonisa izihlobo nabahlobo. Makhe umntwana azi ukuba uyaziqhayisa ngaye, ukuba impumelelo yesikolo ibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uya kubona ukuba yonke into ibuyele eqhelekileyo. Isikolo sibangela iimvakalelo ezincinci ezingaphantsi koko, kunomdla, kwaye ke umnqweno wokufunda.
Kuyinto enqwenelekayo, ngokuvumelana ngokubambisana notitshala, ukudala imeko apho umntwana angakubonisa oko akwaziyo. Ukuvunyelwa kwabafundi ofunda nabo kunye nootitshala baya kwenza ukuba bazive benelungelo lomntwana. Kwaye emva kwexesha, isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo siya kufakelwa ekufundeni.
Yintoni enokuyenza xa utitshala engamthandi umntwana.
Abazali bahlala bevuya xa umntwana esikolweni esiprayimari unomfundisi weklasi-umntu onomdla, onomusa nomonde. Kubalulekile ukuba utitshala wokuqala asebenze kuphela ngabafundi, kodwa kunye nabantwana abathile. Emva koko, elowo unempawu zalo, elowo olufuna indlela yaloo mntu. Abantwana bafumana ukuba kunzima ukuvumelanisa nesitayela esitsha sobudlelwane. Bakufumanisa kunzima ukuzidibanisa kunye nokuba esikolweni banye baninzi. Ukuziqhelanisa nokunyuka kwenyameko yendlu, balindele kwakhona isimo sengqondo esifanayo nakutitshala. Bakhohliswa ngokulindela, banquma ukuba "utitshala akayithandi, akangiphatha kakuhle." Kodwa abantwana esikolweni bavavanywa, okokuqala, ngenxa yeempawu zabo zoshishino kunye nempumelelo. Kwaye ngokusoloko umboniso ojoliswe ngutitshala ubona ukungaphumeleli komntwana, abazali abangaboniyo. Kule meko, abazali bangacetyiswa ukuba baqhagamshelane notitshala, balalele umbono wakhe. Ngomntwana kufuneka uxoxe naye, mchazele oko utitshala afuna ngokwenene kuye, zama ukukunceda ukufumana ukuqonda.
Yintoni abazali abayenzayo xa bekhubekisa iklasi lomntwana?
Musa ukugxotha izikhalazo zomntwana. Khumbula ukuba ngeengxaki ezinkulu, umntwana osemncinci unokuba neengxaki ezinkulu kubuhlobo phakathi kwentsapho. Umntwana okhuseleyo, ngokusemthethweni, ulindele inkxaso evela kumntu wakuzalwa. Musa ukulukhupha, zama ukuqonda oko kwenzeka. Ukufuna ukuqonda amava kunye neinyembezi zomntwana wakho, ugalelo ekudaleni ubudlelwane obuthembekileyo kunye nobubele phakathi kwakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana basezikolweni zaseprayimari banomlawuli obaluleke kakhulu wokuziphatha-ukuzithemba. Ngendlela umoya womntwana uza kuphuhliswa ngayo, ukuthetha kwakhe nabanye kuxhomekeke, ukusabela kwiimpumelelo kunye nokungaphumeleli, ukuphuhlisa okuqhubekayo kobuntu. Ngeli thuba, ukuzithemba komntwana kuncike kakhulu kwindlela abantu abadala abavavanya ngayo. Emva kokufunda ukuba umntwana uyalimala, okokuqala, fumana ukuba kwenzekani. Mamela kuyo ekupheleni, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa. Emva koko zama ukuzinzisa umntwana wesikolo. Chaza ukuba yonke into ingatshintshwa, abantu bayakhula, babe ngabaqilima, banokunyamezela. Zama ukuqonda nomntwana ukuba kutheni lo mntu okanye loo mntu wenza lo myalelo, mfundise umthetho othi: "Yiphathe abanye njengokuba ufuna ukuba abanye bakuphathe."
Ngokomntu odumile wengqondo waseFransi uJajag Piaget, ukususela kwiminyaka esixhenxe ubudala umntwana uyakwazi ukusebenzisana nabanye abantu. Uyakwazi ukusikhokela kuphela ngeminqweno yakhe, izimvo, kodwa ukuqonda ingcamango yomntu omnye. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngeli xesha le nto umntwana sele sele akwazi ukuhlaziya imeko, ngaphambi kokusebenza.
Zama ukumchazela ukuba abanye bavakalelwa ngendlela efanayo. Umntwana akahlali kwisiqithi esingahlali. Ukuphuhliswa, kufuneka adlulane nabanye abantwana. Kufuneka ukwazi ukuthelekisa amandla akho namakhono kunye neziphumo zabanye. Simele sithathe inyathelo, sixoxisane, sifumane indlela yokuphuma kwimeko engathandekiyo, isenzo. Nceda umntwana wakho athole ulwimi olufanayo kunye noontanga, ahlele ukuhamba ngokubambisana, ukuvakasha kunye nemidlalo.
Umqambi wokuqala uyala ukufunda.
Ngamanye amaxesha ukusebenza kakubi kungenziwa ngenxa yokuba umntwana uchongiwe esikolweni ngokukhawuleza. Phantse i-25% yabantwana ayengabikho esikolweni. Abazange batshintshe ukusuka kwirejista ukuya kwisikolo: abazange bakuve nantoni na, baqondanga into ethile. Imizamo yokwenza ukufunda idlalwa ngumntwana "kwiibhononti." Into ephambili kule meko ayifaki ukubeka uphawu kumntwana. Ukuba ufuna ukumfundisa nantoni na, khumbula ukuba injongo yokufunda kufuneka ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kuye. Xa sele ufikelele umnqweno, umntwana ulindele ukudumisa okanye ukumangaliswa komntu omdala. Umxholo wencwadi kufuneka uqhaqhazele kwaye umthinte umntwana. Kubalulekile ukuzisa umdlalo kwinkqubo yokufunda, umzuzu othile wokukhuphisana. Kwakhona uzame ukufunda umntwana ngokuvakalayo, ukuma kwixesha elincomekayo. Yifunde ngokwakho-ebona intshiseko yakho, uya kuba nomdla wokufunda.
Umntwana akafuni ukwenza umsebenzi wesikolo.
Kukho ixesha lokuba abazali bahlale phantsi komntwana wesikolo. Ewe, kwaye ndifuna ukuba afunde indlela yokusebenza ngokuzimela. Ngaphambi kokuba bangene esikolweni, abazali abaninzi babeqinisekile ukuba abaze bahlale naye ngexesha belungiselela izifundo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha imeko ikhula ngendlela enje ukuba ayenayo enye indlela yokuphuma. Okukhulu kakhulu kwikharityhulam yesikolo kunikezelwa ukusebenzela ekhaya. Kwaye ekubeni umntwana engakwazi ukujamelana naloo mqulu wolwazi olutsha kuphela, ubukho obungabonakaliyo bomntu omdala bubhekiselelwe njengento ethile. Oku kuyinyani! Ngoko ungakhubekisi umntwana wakho ngokuhlambalaza ukuba uyisicwenge kunabanye, ukuba abanye abantwana babhekane nayo yonke into ngokwabo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana uyathemba ngamakhono abo. Musa ukugijimela, ungalibali ukukhuthaza nokuba impumelelo encinane. Beka phambi kwebhokhwe ezinjalo iinjongo ezinokukwazi ukuziqonda. Mkhuthaze ukuba angabi phambi kweengxaki, ukukholelwa ngamandla akhe kunye namandla. Umsebenzi wakho kukukhokela umntwana wakho ekufezeni le njongo. Uncedo kuphela xa umntwana engakwazi ukujamelana nomsebenzi ngokwakhe kwaye ekucela uncedo.
Njalo khumbula: yintoni eyenziwa ngumntwana ngoncedo lwakho namhlanje, ngomso unokuzenza ngokwakhe. Ukuzimela komntwana kunokuphuhliswa kuphela ngenxa yemisebenzi efanelekileyo. Lezo - ezenziwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye zenze ukuba nempumelelo yazo. Ncedisa umntwana wakho ukuba aqiniseke ngamakhono akhe, kwaye ngokukhawuleza uza kukwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo ekulungiseleleni umsebenzi wesikolo.
Ngaba ndimele ndijezise umntwana ngenxa yezifundo ezingafundile?
Ukuhlwaya okanye kungekhona nendlela yokwenza ngayo - wonke umntu uyazigqiba. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba sikhumbule ukuba isijeziso sokuziphatha sisinokuba nzima kunesijeziso somzimba. Nokuba uhlwaya umntwana, ungamthobeli! Ukuhlwaywa akufanele kubonwe ngumntwana njengoluyisa ngamandla akho ngenxa yobuthathaka bakhe. Ukuba ungathandabuzeki, ufanele ujezise okanye awuyi kuyenza-ungajezisi. Kwaye, ngokubaluleke kakhulu, isohlwayo akumele ibenzakalise impilo okanye yengqondo yomntwana. Khumbula ukuba umfundi unengxaki ezininzi: ezinkulu kunye ezincinci. Kwaye kunye nenkxaso yakho yokwenene kunye nenxaxheba kuya kunceda ukulungelelanisa kwihlabathi elitsha elingaqhelekanga.