Imenyu yemigqomo yomnyaka wesibini wobomi ihluke kakhulu kwindlela yokutya komntwana oneminyaka elilodwa. Kakade! Emva koko, lixesha lokuba umntwana ahambe kancane kwitheyibhile "abadala".
Intsapho yavuya ngokugubha inkumbulo yokuqala yokuzalwa komntwana - ikhupha ikhandlela kwikhekhe lokuzalwa (elide linye kuphela), ifunyenwe isiqwenga sezipho, yakuva amazwi amaninzi avela kwiindwendwe ... Ziziphi iimveliso ezinceda abantwana abaneminyaka engama-3 ukukhetha? Abantu basekhaya basebenzela ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba umntwana waqala ukutshintsha njani imihla ngemihla, kungekhona nje ngaphandle ... Njengabahlengikazi besithi, eli xesha libonakaliswe ngokukhula okuphezulu komntwana.
Iphepha lamanzi liqala ukutshintsha ngokunyanisekileyo, kodwa lisahlala lingafezekanga. Oku kungenxa yomsebenzi ongeyiphumelelwanga wokugaya izitya, ezijongene nokuphuka kwamaprotheni, amafutha kunye ne-carbohydrate.
Kungenxa yoko abantwana bezondlo bacebisa abazali ukuba baveze iimfuno ezizodwa zokutya kunye nemveliso yengane yonyaka wesibini wobomi. Emva koko, umbutho ongafundileyo wesondlo somntwana unokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu ekudala. Ngokomzekelo, ukungabikho kwintsimbi kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwintsebenziswano yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo ngexesha lokuqala, ukukwazi ukukhumbula nokugxila kwiminyaka yesikolo.
Ukusilela kwe-iodine kukukhokelela ekuphazamiseni ukubunjwa kwe-thyroid gland, ukulibazisa ukuphuhliswa kwe-neuropsychiatric, ukunciphisa umzimba. Ukusilela kwe-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D ineempembelelo ezingathandekiyo kwizicubu zethambo. Ngendlela, kuboniswa ukuba i-calcium yenziwe ngokuthe xaxa emathanjeni ebuntwaneni, ngexesha lokukhula. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umntwana ufumana zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ukuvimbela ukugqitha kwamanye, ukutya kufuneka kuguquke.
Iiprotheyini eziphezulu , i-iron, i-zinc, iivithamini B2 kunye ne-B6 zenza inyama ibe yimveliso ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yesondlo yonyaka wesibini. Kwinyama, ngokungafani nezinye iimveliso zenkomo yezilwanyana, isinyithi sikhulula ngokulula (ikakhulukazi kwenkomo yenkomo kunye ne-turkey). Iimvumba zokupheka zinokuthi zonke iintlobo zenyama yezilwanyana: inyama yenkomo, i-veal, ingulube, inkukhu, umvundla - ngendlela ye-cutlets, i-stewed okanye ibilisiwe. Ngendlela, ama-cutlets kufuneka atyunwe okanye agqitywe epanini (ngaphandle kwe-crusty crust!). Kodwa i-broth meat meat, ingakumbi emathanjeni, abantwana bonyaka wesibini wobomi abacebisi. Ngelishwa, akukho proteyini, ayikho i-saleral mineral, ayikho iivithamini edlulayo kumhluzi. Kodwa kwimenyu yabantwana be-1,5-3 kwiminyaka yamaziko okufundela okufana nawo onke afaka isobho kwi inkukhu okanye umhluzi wenyama. Abafundi bezobuchwephesha banemibono eyahlukileyo malunga nalesi sidlo - kukho enye into engenakuphikiswa kuyo, kwaye, ngelo xesha, ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yizinto ezicwangcisiweyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bavuselela isondlo, banike umtya okhethekileyo kwiitya zokuqala, kwezinye izinto - izinto ezongeziweyo zandisa imveliso ye-enzyme yokugaya, kwaye oku kubangela uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwiimpawu zokugaya umntwana kwaye zingakhokelela ekusebenzeni kakubi emsebenzini wabo. Ngesizathu esifanayo, abantwana abaphikiweyo ngokutya kunye nemveliso ehlukahlukeneyo yokutya. Imveliso eluncedo kwintsana eneminyaka engama-3 ubudala ingaba yinyama enamafutha aphantsi, iintlobo zezityalo kunye nemifuno kunye neentshisi zendalo.
Imveliso
Ngeengaphantsi (isibindi, intliziyo, ulwimi), xa kuthelekiswa nomzimba, inqanaba leprotheni kunye neyinyithi liphantsi, kodwa umxholo we-micronutrients (zinc, copper, manganese) ezithatha inxaxheba kwi-hematopoiesis ziphezulu. Ngoko ke, banokucetyiswa kubantwana abanomgangatho ophantsi we-hemoglobin. Kodwa inani lezinto ezinamafutha kunye nezinto ezicokisekileyo kwiimveliso-mveliso zikhulu ngokwaneleyo, ngoko akufanele zisetyenziswe ngaphezu kweyodwa kwiintsuku ezingama-7-10.
Iqela elihlukileyo leemveliso zenyama zihlobo ezahlukeneyo zeesausages, sausages kunye ne-sausages. Kwabantwana besikolo samabanga asekuqaleni, iimveliso ze-sausage ezikhethekileyo ziye zaphuhliswa, eziveliswa ngokwe-recipe ekhethekileyo, kunye neemfuno ezongezelelweyo kumgangatho wezinto ezibonakalayo. Kodwa ngomnyaka wesibini wobomi ukusetyenziswa kwee-sausages ezikhethekileyo kufuneka kube yinto ehlukile ngaphandle komgaqo. Isiqhelo sempilo yendalo ngemini yokuba umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ngu-60-70.
Njengokutya, intlanzi ngumthombo weprotheni ephakamileyo, insimbi kunye ne-vitamin B12. Kwientlanzi zaselwandle kunomlinganiselo obaluleke kakhulu we-iodine kunye ne-fluoride, kukho i-iron, kodwa igugu kakhulu. Amafutha eentlanzi aphezulu kwixabiso lokutya. Oku kudibeneyo kuhambelana nobukho be-acids polyunsaturated fatty acids kwixesha elide kwi-Omega-3 kwiklasi. Badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni izakhiwo zeengqondo, izitho zombono, ukukhuseleka, inkqubo yokujikeleza. Imenyu yabantwana, iintlobo ezintle zeentlanzi - ikhodi, i-haddock, ne-pike-perch zilungele. Izinga lemihla ngemihla lifana nenyama. Izitya zeentlanzi zilungiselelwe ama-1-2 ngeveki, ukutshintshwa kwenyama. Iintlanzi ezinamanzi kunye ne-caviar asetyenziselwa ukulungiselela izitya kubantwana bonyaka wesibini wobomi ngenxa yobuninzi beetyuwa kuwo, kunye neentlanzi (i-crabs, shrimps, trepangs, squids, lobster, njl. izinto ezongeziweyo. I-exception kelp (ulwandle lwadala). I-Saladi evela kuyo inokunikezelwa kumntwana oneminyaka eyi-1.5 ukuya kwiminyaka (20-25 g). Kodwa abantwana abanokuphelelwa kweengtso kufuneka banikwe i-kelp ngokuqapha.
Amaqanda
Amaqanda atyebile kwiprotheni yezilwanyana ezipheleleyo-ezifanelekileyo kumxholo kunye nokulinganisela kwazo zonke ii-amino acid ezifunekayo. Ukongeza, ziqukethe iivithamini A, D, B2, beta-carotene. Ngomnyaka wesibini wobomi umntwana usenokutya amaqanda ama-1/2 ngosuku okanye amaqanda ama-2-3 ngeveki. Amaqanda amaqanda ayinakusetyenziswa.
Ngomnyaka wesibini wobomi bentsana, kucetyiswa ukuba uqhubeke nokusebenzisa ubisi olukhethekileyo lomntwana, i-kefir, i-yogurt. Ukufikelela kwiminyaka emibini, ungasethula i-irizhenka kunye ne-varenets. Ubungakanani obisi, kunye nemveliso yobisi obomonde, ngemini kufuneka ibe ngama-500 ml. Ukongeza, ushizi - malunga no-5 amagremu, ukhilimu omuncu - igramu ezili-10, ibhotela-20 grams, i-cottage cheese - 50 amagremu ngosuku (okanye uhlobo lwe-casseroles, syrnikov 100-200 gram, amaxesha amaninzi ngeveki). Ubungakanani bemveliso yemveliso yobisi akufanele kube phezulu: ubisi - ukuya kuma-3.2%, i-cottage cheese-ukuya kwi-9%, ukhilimu omuncu - ukuya ku-20%.
Ezi mveliso zenza isabelo seengonyama sesondlo sesana - ukuya kuma-70%, sinika umntwana amandla.
Abantwana abancinci banokutya ukutya kwengqolowa nesonka. Ayinqwenelekayo-yonke into-ingqolowa. Inani eliphakanyisiweyo lesonka ekudleni kweminyaka emithathu yokuqala ngu-15-20 g weg rye kunye ne-50-60 yengqolowa. Iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yepasta yilezo ezenziwa kwinqwelo yengqolowa. Ziqukethe amanqanaba aphezulu amaprotheni kunye namavithamini.
Phakathi kokutya, i-buckwheat kunye ne-oat zikhethwa. Ziqukethe iiprotheni ezininzi, amaminerali (i-magnesium, i-zinc, ithusi), iivithamini. Ilayisi nayo ilungile - ingaphezu kwezinye izityalo, i-carbohydrates. Ungasebenzisa kunye neengqolowa zegrosi - kwixabiso liselo, liza kufutshane nelayisi. Kodwa ixabiso le-semolina lincinci, kodwa ngenxa yendlela entle, kunokuba ngamanye amaxesha kubekho kwitafile zezingane. Ukongezelela, kubaluleke kakhulu kwiipasseroles. Ukwandisa isondlo sayo sondlo kuya kuncedisa iziqhamo kunye nezithelo ezomileyo. Ayisetyenziselwa izitya zezingane (ukuya kutsho iminyaka engama-3) i-pearl ibhalley nebhali. I-Millet iyamkeleka, kodwa inqweneleka kwinkampani kunye nerayisi okanye ithanga.
Ekudleni kwabantwana bonyaka wesibini wobomi ungasebenzisa imifuno eluhlaza. Ababandakanyi kuphela abameli ababukhali - isithombo, isitiyi. Ukulungiselela izitya zokuqala, izitya zombini kunye needyuli ungasebenzisa zombini imifuno emnandi kunye nefriziwe, izithelo kunye namajikijolo. Ngomhla umntwana kufuneka afike kwi-300 grams yemifuno kunye ne-150 g yeziqhamo. Iziqhamo ezomileyo zisetyenziselwa emva konyaka njengengxenye yezolimo, i-compotes, i-kisels, i-dessert. Nangona kunjalo, isixa semveliso esomileyo akufanele sidlule i-50 g ngeveki.
Ubhontshisi
Ingumthombo wesityalo seeprotheyini eziphezulu kunye nama-amino acidiweyo. Ngokukodwa iiprotheni ezininzi kwi-soy. Ukunciphisa ukuxhamla nokusetyenziswa kwemigqomo ingaba, ukuba ziphekiweyo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye xa kunokwenzeka ukukhupha kwesikhumba. Ekudleni komntwana weminyaka yokuqala yobomi, iifolo kunye neembotyi zisetyenziselwa kakhulu, kwakunye neemveliso zeeyile ezikhethekileyo zobisi kunye ne-cottage cheese. Ezinye iimveliso ze-soy for the children are not recommended.
Amafutha anetywayo
Amafutha avuno ahlukeneyo kumxholo we-Omega-6 kunye ne-Omega-3 fatty acids, kunye nomxholo we-vitamin E. Omega-6 fatty acids afunyenwe kuwo onke amafutha eengqolowa, ngoko akukho ncitshiswa. I-Omega-3 acid acid kuphela, i-rapeseed kunye neoli e-linseed zizityebi. I-Vitamin E ininzi kwioli ye-soya. Idayi yemihla ngemihla yeoli yemifino kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu-5-7 g (oku ku-1-2 i-teaspoonfuls).
I-Sugar kunye ne-confectionery
Abantwana emva konyaka bangabandezeleka, banganika ubusi (1-2 amathisipuni kathathu ngeveki). Ukusuka kwi-confectionery ukuya kwisantya sezingane emva komnyaka kubandakanya i-marshmallow, i-pastille, i-marmalade, i-jam, i-jam, i-jam, i-cookies, kwisixa se-10-15 amagremu ngosuku. Ikhekhelethi kunye nemveliso ephuma kuyo ayinikezi abantwana ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu. Nangona i-flavour additive, yona (ngamanani amancinci) ngamanye amaxesha ibandakanywa kwiiparriji zezingane zokuveliswa kwemveliso.
Kusela
Eyona nto ikhethwayo yimizi, i-compotes, i-kissels, iziphuzo ziselo. Iimvuno zisetyenziswe kakuhle ngabantwana abakhethekileyo okanye basekhaya. Musa ukulibala ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwezi ziqhamo zeziphuzo kunokukhokelela ekukhenkisweni kwe-stool, ngoko ixabiso lawo akufanele lidlule i-200-300 ml ngosuku. I-Kissels ayisetyenziswanga ngaphezu kwama-1-2 ngeveki.
Iminyaka engama-2 ukuya kwidlo lokutya kwabantwana kuqukethe ama-teas abamnyama kunye nohlaza. Emva konyaka unokunika umntwana wakho isiselo kwi-chicory. Ngomso, oku kuselayo kunene kakhulu. Emva kweminyaka eyi-1-1,5, iimvumba zinganikwa i-cocoa, kodwa kuphela ekuseni, njengoko isebenza ngomsebenzi wesifo nesifo senhliziyo. Kodwa i-cocoa kunye neyeyi kungcono ukuba ungaphuzi emva kokutya kwenyama, kuba izinto eziqulethwe kuzo ziyancitshisa ukutsalwa kwesimbi.
Ityuwa kunye neziqholo
Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yetyuwa ingena kumzimba womntwana kunye nemveliso eqhelekileyo. Isantya setyuwa esidla iimvuthu i-0.5-1 g ngosuku. Ukubeka nje, ukutya komntwana kufanele kube nosawoti ukuze kubonakale ukuba ayinakucwa. Ungasebenzisa ityuwa e-iodidi xa upheka ukutya kwabantwana. Ukusuka kwiziqholo, kumancinci amancinci, ungasebenzisa iipilisi ezimnandi kunye ezimhlophe, iqabunga le-bay, i-basil, i-thyme, i-coriander, i-marjoram, i-rosemary ne-pepper e-sweet.