Ngamawaka malunga newaka le-10 abantwana abanesifo senhliziyo esiswini bomntwana bazalwa ezweni lethu. Kulo lonke ukuzalwa kwamawaka kukho abantwana aba-10 abadinga ukuhlinzwa kwentliziyo.
Ukusebenza kwentsholongwane yesifo senhliziyo kubangelwa u-5% wexabiso elipheleleyo lezilwanyana eziqhelekileyo, ezisebenzisa unyango oluphezulu lwezonyango.
Izifo ezibangelwa yi-Congenital zize zivele ngethuba lokuphuhlisa i-intrauterine. Isifo senhliziyo esisweleyo (CHD) senziwa kwiiveki ezingama-21-28 zokukhulelwa kwaye ngokukhawuleza kukhokelela ekuphuculweni kwentliziyo encinci. Ngenxa yoko, ukuguquka kwegazi lomzimba kuya kutshintshwa kwaye ukuhluleka kwentliziyo kuqhubeka.
Ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo ebantwini, ehamba kunye ne-cyanosis yolusu (oogqirha bawabiza ngokuthi "bluhlaza") bavele emva kokuzalwa komntwana. Iintsilelo apho ulusu luba luhlaza kwaye lubandayo ("mhlophe"), lunokuhlala iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kwempawu kwaye lufunyanwe ngengozi uviwo lwezonyango.
Ukuseka i-UPU kumntwana ozayo kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiiklinikhi ezizodwa, nangona iintsilelo zentliziyo ebonakalayo inokubakholelwa ekuboniswaneni kwabasetyhini.
Izizathu
Kutheni umntwana ehlakulela isifo senhliziyo? Izizathu ezicacileyo zi: izifo zentsholongwane (i-rubella, imasisi, i-influenza, i-cytomegalovirus). Ukuba umama uya kugula nabo kwi-trimester yokuqala, ngoko ukuveliswa okuqhelekileyo kwentliziyo yengane izayo iphukile. Oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba izinto eziphilayo ezimbi, ukuxinezeleka, i-toxicosis kwizigaba zokuqala zokukhulelwa, izifo ezinzima okanye ezingapheliyo zowesifazane okhulelweyo zisola ngokubonakala kwe-UPU. I-genetic predisposition nayo idlala indima.
Izinto zokuxilonga
Kungcono ukuseka i-UPU esele i-utero. Oku kunokwenziwa kwiziko ezizodwa okanye kwiiklinikhi ezineesiseko esihle sokuxilonga.
Umama uya kubhalwa kwintetho yeengcali, kwaye uya kuthetha ngamathemba alindele umntwana.
Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bawayeza kumayeza abo omama axhasa umsebenzi wezinhliziyo kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo zokuxilisa umntwana.
Kwezinye iimeko, unyango olukhethekileyo lufunekayo kwi-utero. Ngokomzekelo, iziyobisi eziphambene nomzimba kunye nezidakamizwa eziphucula iinkqubo ze-metabolic kwi-myocardium ye-fetal.
Sifanele sigcine ulawulo lwemihla , siholele ngokusebenzayo, kodwa siphila ubomi. Ukutya okunokulinganisela, okunomsoco ocebile kwiivithamini kunye ne-microelements kuyadingeka.
Ukuba into ayizange imkholise i-gynecologist yakho ekuboniswaneni kwabasetyhini, umama ozayo kufuneka afike ngokukhawuleza ukuba uye kwi-cardiologist kunye nodokotela wesifo senhliziyo ukuze ahlolwe ngakumbi.
Oomama abaninzi banenkxalabo yokuba ukuba umntwana ufumaneka enesifo senhliziyo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka abelethe isigaba se-caesarean. Akunjalo. Ngokudibeneyo kweemeko, unako ukuzala ngokuphepha ngokwemvelo.
Khumbula ukuba kufuneka udibanise nomgulane onguchwepheshe wegulane oya kuthi uchazele umama olindelekileyo ukuba yintoni i-malformation umntwana ayenayo, luhlobo luni lotyando olufunekayo, ukuba lunjani ukulindela.
Ukufumana i-CHD kwintsana, utyirha unokukwazi ukubonakalisa izibonakaliso: umbala we-cyanotic womlomo, intloko zeendlebe kunye ne-cyanosis yesikhumba esenzeka xa umntwana esondla xa ekhala.
Kwimeko yomntu "omhlophe" obunokukhubazeka kwentliziyo emntwaneni, isikhumba esiluhlaza somntwana, izandla zakhe ezibandayo nemilenze, sibonisa isifo, ngamanye amaxesha isibonakaliso sesicebo sisandi entliziyweni, nangona kungenjalo.
Utshintsho kwi-electrocardiogram, i-X-ray kunye novavanyo lwezobuchwephesha libonisa kwakhona amathuba okuzalwa kwesifo senhliziyo enganeni. Kubalulekile ukudibana ne-cardiologist enamava.
Ukusebenza okanye unyango?
Njengomthetho, ukuba isifo senhliziyo asiyinkimbinkimbi, umntwana uya kubonwa nje ngcali. Ngentsilelo elula yintliziyo yokuziphendulela ngokusemgangathweni okunokwenzeka.
Umama nosana banokufuna uncedo olungagcini nje ngeengcali ze-cardiologist, kodwa kunye neengcali zengqondo, ukuze zizinqabise (ikakhulukazi kumama onokuxhalabisa kwaye akuphepheli ngokungadingekile, kwaye oku akufanele kube khona) kwaye uchaze indlela yokuziphatha kwisifo esinjalo.
Ngeentlobo ezinzima zesifo senhliziyo, utyando kufuneka. Iyanciphisa isiphako kwaye imisa ukujikeleza kwenyama.
Ngexesha lokuhlinzwa, iindawo ezingenakuqhelaniswa kwintliziyo okanye iinqanawa zinokulungiswa ngenye yezindlela ezininzi ezifumanekayo oogqirha.
Ezinye izinto ezimbi azikwazi ukupheliswa, kwaye uncedo lunokunikwa kuphela ngendlela yokuququzelela iinkqubo ezivumela ukuba ufumane ixesha.
Kwi-reception kwiziko le-cardiology, i-cardiologist iya kucacisa kwaye ixoxe nawe ngenkqubo yokonyango eyimfuneko yomntwana. I-cardiosurgeon nayo iya kumenywa ekuboniswaneni, eya kukuxelela malunga nenkqubela yokusebenza okuzayo kunye neziphumo ezinokwenzeka.
Ubude bomsebenzi buxhomekeke kwinkimbinkimbi yesiphene kunye nendlela yokungenelela ngonyango, oya kukonyulwa ngugqirha okanye ukubonisana noogqirha.
Ngethuba lokusebenza, oogqirha balungisa iindawo ezingenakulungileyo zeentliziyo okanye iinqanawa, ukusekwa komsebenzi wale nxalenye ebalulekileyo.
Kwezinye iiklinikhi ngexesha lokusebenza, iifowuni zokusasaza okusebenzayo zisetyenziswa, ezithatha imisebenzi yeentliziyo nemiphunga.
Enye indlela yokupholisa umzimba: xa isidingo se-oksijini sinciphisa, kwaye intliziyo iyayeka ngexesha eliphambili lomsebenzi. EUkraine, kwenziwa umsebenzi oyingqayizivele, xa ukupholisa ukushisa komzimba ukuya kuma-degrees angu-28, ukusabalaliswa kwamiswa imizuzu eyi-97!
Emva kokuhlinzwa, umntwana uya kufuneka athathe i-painkillers, diuretics, antibiotics. Oku kuya kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezincinci. Kwakhona, ugqirha uya kunika i-physiotherapy inkqubo: i-chest massage, ukuphefumula ukuvuselela i-expectoration, ukuphepha iziganeko ezinzima kwimiphunga.
Ezi nkqubo zenkqubo yokuvuselela zichazwe, njengommiselo, kanye emva kweenyanga eziyi-3-4 - kuxhomekeke kwisifo senhliziyo kunye nokuzinza kwimeko.
Uya kuphi na?
Kwimihlaba emininzi, kukho iinguqu zemisebenzi yamahhala. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuqala ngokufakwa komntwana kwi-cardio-dispensary yendawo. Emva koko abazali kufuneka bafake isicelo kwiSebe lezeMpilo lase-Ukraine. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenzela ukuba umsebenzi owenziwe ngexesha, kufuneka abonise umsebenzi kunye nokuzimisela.
EUkraine, intliziyo yeSizwe esiqhankqalakileyo seZiko leNzululwazi yeCardiovascular. N.M. Amosov. Apha, okokuqala ngqa e-Ukraine ngo-1955, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokuphelisa isifo senhliziyo esiswini (ngo-Nikolai Amosov ngokwakhe).
Ngonyaka kwiindonga zeziko li malunga neminyaka eyi-1,5 yokusebenza ngesifo senhliziyo esiswini. Iingcali zeziko zikholelwa ukuba abaninzi abantwana abane-UPU kufuneka baqhutywe ngethuba elidala.
Ukubonisana, ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwezigulane eziselula zihlawulwa (imali isabelwe kwisabelo-mali seburhulumenteni). Ukufumana esibhedlele kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela amaphepha alandelayo: isitifiketi sokuzalwa somntwana, ipasipoti yomama okanye uyise onikwe imvume yokuhlala e-Ukraine, ikhadi lezonyango lomntwana okanye ezinye izatifikethi ezibonisa isimo sempilo yakhe. Ngaphambi kokubeleliswa komntwana kubalulekile ukuba ubhale phantsi kwamukelwa kwisebe elikhupha isiguli e-Intithute, eliza kunika enye incwadi ebalulekileyo-isiphetho sokucebisa.
Isifo senhliziyo asisigwebo. Kubalulekile ukuba ungadli ithemba kwaye uncede umntwana ngexesha.