Kwiibhulo, ininzi yelwelo kunye nezinto ezifunekayo umzimba ziphinde ziphinde zibuyele. Ingxaki yesifo se-nephritis isifo esiqhelekileyo kule mihla. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, i-180 ilitha yomchamo oyimfuneko yenziwa ngosuku ngenxa yokucoca, kodwa i-1.5 liters ikhutshwa kuphela. I-Nephrit ivela kwezi zifo zilandelayo:
- Glomerulonephritis. Ubonakaliswa ukuvuvukala kwe-glomeruli, njengesiphumo sokuthi i-filtration efficiency ihla. Kukho ukulibazisa kwi-slag emzimbeni, kunye neeprotheni kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi ziwela emcinini. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kukho ukuncipha kwinani lomchamo ogqithisiweyo, onokufumana umbala omnyama okanye obomvu. Kukho ukuvuvukala kweengcambu ezantsi, umqolo ophantsi, amehlo, ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi. Ifomu ephezulu ye-glomerulonephritis inokuhamba kunye nokukhwabanisa, isicupunu kunye nokuhlanza, ngenxa yokugcina i-slag nitrogen (uremia) egazini.
- Nefrotic syndrome. I-Urine iqukethe inani elikhulu leprotheni, ngenxa yokokuba ukuvuvukala okukhulu (ukuhlaselwa) kukhula. I-Pyelonephritis: Inye okanye zombini izintso zichaphazeleka ngentsholongwane yebhaktheriya, intlungu ehamba phambili ihamba kunye nomkhuhlane kunye nokuthuthumela emzimbeni. Emcinini, ukungcola kwegazi kungabonakala. Kwizifo ezingapheliyo, iintso ziyancipha ngobungakanani ngenxa yokutshintshwa kwezinto ezingapheliyo, kunye nokuphuhliswa kwento engafanelekanga.
- Ukungaphumeleli kwe-Renal. Ukungaphumeleli kwe-Renal kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo lwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Kwixesha elizayo, i-malaise, ukulahleka kwesidlo, ukuvuthwa rhoqo, i-pruritus, i-nausea, ukuhlanza, ukubetha kweminwe, ukuphefumula ukuphefumula, ukuvinjelwa kunye ne-coma manifest. Kwiimeko ezinzima, iintso ziyayeka ukuvelisa umchamo.
- I-glomerulonephritis enobuchule inezizathu ezininzi ezinokwenzeka. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuphuhliswa kwayo kuhambelana nesenzo esingaqhelekanga sokuphendula, esihambelana nomonakalo kwi-glomeruli. Kwezinye iintlobo ze-nephritis, i-antigen eyonakalisayo ayiyaziwayo. Ama-antigens aziwayo ziquka iibhaktheriya, i-parasites kunye ne-virus.
- Ibhaktheriya. Isizathu esiqhelekileyo se-glomerulonephritis, ingakumbi kubantwana, usulelo lweqela le-beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Le microorganism yintsebenziswano ye-tonsillitis, izifo eziphakathi kwindlebe okanye i-phlegmon (ukusuleleka kwesikhumba). Emva kwesinye sezi zifo, i-glomerulonephritis iyakhula. Iibhaktheriya ezinjenge-salmonella, staphylococcus okanye i-gonococcus nazo zingakhokelela ekudakaleni kwentliziyo.
- Izidumbu. IJade inokubangela iipasasites ezifana ne-malaria iplasmodia (i-Plasmodium malaria), i-trematodes yegazi (i-flukes) - i-schistosomes kunye ne-filarias.
- Iintsholongwane. Izifo zentsholongwane, ezibandakanya amathumbu, isisisi, inkukhu yenkukhu, i-mononucleosis esulelekayo, igciwane lesifo seCoxsackie, i-hepatitis A kunye ne-B, i-HIV, inokubangelwa yi-nephritis.
Ukongezelela, ubunzima bokugqithisa umchamo ngenxa yeprotrate eyandisiweyo, i-uterus okanye i-valve ye-ureter (kubantwana) yinto ebangela ukuba kufikeleleke ukusuleleka kwe-urinary, ehambelana nophuhliso lwe-pyelonephritis. Izifo ezihamba neempendulo zomzimba ezingaqhelekanga (izifo ezizimele), eziquka i-systemic lupus erythematosus kunye ne-nodular periarteritis, ingaba yimbangela ye-nephritis. Nge-systemic lupus erythematosus, i-glomeruli yeentso ibonakaliswe, kubini abadala kunye nabantwana. I-periarteritis engekho emdeni (isifo sesigodlo sesigxina) ihlala ichaphazela amadoda angama-middle and old age. I-kidney biopsy ingabonakalisa umonakalo kwiindonga zeempahla zokuguqula ubukhulu obukhulu. Njengokuba kunjalo nezinye izifo zengqondo, kufuneka uviwo olunzulu lube lufanelekile ukuseka ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo. Ukufunda umsebenzi wezintso kubandakanya:
- uhlalutyo lomchamo - ukuqulunqwa kweprotheni, i-erythrocyte kunye ne-cylinder umxholo (amaninzi amancinci amaseli afile kunye namafutha);
- ukulinganisa umthamo womchamo ogqithisiweyo;
- iimvavanyo zegazi - ukuzimisela iiprotheni kunye namazinga e-slag azitrogenous, njenge-urrea kunye ne-creinine;
- I-Smears esuka kwi-pharynx, indlebe kunye nesikhumba ukufumana ukusuleleka kwe-bacteria;
- I-X-ray ye-Chest - ivumela ukucacisa ubukho bemvelo emiphakeni kunye nokwanda kwenhliziyo ngenxa yokuphuma kwamanzi;
- Ukubonakala kweentso usebenzisa i-X-ray kunye ne-CT-scans-eyenziwa kwabasetyhini abanezifo ezithintekayo ezikhuselweyo; Amadoda nabantwana bamiselwe emva kwesinye sezifo zesifo kunye nale ntsholongwane;
- iinjongo ze-biopsy - usebenzisa inaliti yokugquma ukuthabatha isampuli encinci yeethambo zesifo. Isixhobo esiphumelayo sifunde phantsi kwe-microscope ye-electron;
- I-Cystography ngexesha lokucoca - ubuchule bokuboniswa, okuvumela ukucacisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha i-bladder.
Kubalulekile ukuqhuba uviwo olunzulu lwesigulane esinesifo se-nephritis esichukumisayo, ngexesha apho umthamo wokunxila kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi okudityanisiweyo kuya kubhalwa imihla ngemihla. Umxinzelelo wegazi kufuneka ulinganiswe rhoqo. Kwimeko yokunyuswa kwengcinezelo, ukulawulwa kwamachiza afanelekileyo kuyimfuneko. Ukunyanga izifo, i-antibiotic isetyenziswa. Inendima ebalulekileyo idlalwe kukutya kunye nomxholo weetyuwa ophantsi. Kwizigulane ezigula kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamaprotheni ekudleni. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuqeshwa kwe-corticosteroids kunye ne-cyclophosphamide (iziyobisi ze-cytotoxic). Izigulane ezijongene nokuhluleka kwezintso, ezinxulumene ne-glomerulonephritis, zinokumiselwa i-hemodialysis. Izigulane ezine-nephrotic syndrome zicetyiswa ukutya okuphantsi kwetyuwa. Ezinye zazo zichazwe unyango lwe-corticosteroid kumanqanaba amakhulu, anceda ukuthintela ukungena kweprotheni kumchamo. I-Diuretics isetyenziselwa ukwandisa umthamo wokuvelisa umchamo. Ziyalelwe i-edema enkulu. Izigulane ezinobungakanani be-pyelonephritis zidinga amayeza. Ukwelashwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngexesha lokunyanga kwamagciwane kubantwana kubalulekile ukukhusela uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuhluleka kwezintso esikhathini esizayo. Uphando olujolise ekubuyiseleni umgca we-urine lunokuthintela uphuhliso lwe-pyelonephritis engapheliyo.
- Glomerulonephritis ngezizathu ezingaziwa. Ukugxekwa kwesi sifo akunakulungeleka, ngoko-ke kufuneka ulandelelwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ezinye izigulane zihlakulela ukungaphumeleli kwezintso kwiiveki ezimbalwa okanye kwiinyanga.
- Nefrotic syndrome. Abantwana baphila kakuhle nge-corticosteroid therapy. Iziphumo zonyango kubantu abadala zibi kakhulu.
- I-pyelonephritis eyiyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo izigulane zisabela kakuhle kwiyeza zonyango. Kungaba yimfuneko ukwenza utyando lokubuyisela isigqeba esiqhelekileyo somchamo okanye ukulungisa i-reflex vesicoureteral.
- Pyelonephritis engapheliyo. Unyango lwe-hypertension kunye nokungaphumeleli kwe-renal kuyaqhubeka. Isizathu sokungaphumeleli kwe-renal ye-renal kwi-10-15% yamatyala yi-glomerulonephritis. Unyaka ngamnye amawaka abantu ehlabathini lonke bafumana unyango lwe-hemodialysis okanye baphuhliswa ngenxa yeentliziyo ngenxa yokuhluleka kwezintso. Uninzi lwazo zizigulane ezine-glomerulonephritis. Isifo esiphezulu sesifo sengqondo ngoku i-pyelonephritis.
- I-Alport syndrome yintsholongwane yokufa echaphazela umntu o-1 kwi-5000. Ezinye iinkcukacha malunga nesi sifo: esi sifo sithinta amadoda angaphezu kwabasetyhini; ebonakaliswe ukuphuhliswa kwengcinezelo yokunyuka kwengqondo kunye nentsiba; ikakhulu i-glomeruli yeentso; Ngokuqhelekileyo isibonakaliso sokuqala sesi sifo kuba khona kwegazi kumchamo.