Umkhuhlane we-Scarlet
Umkhuhlane we-Scarlet isifo esithathelwanayo esibangela ukuba i-streptococcus bactteria. Iimpawu zibandakanya umkhuhlane, i-tonsillitis, ukuvuvukala kweengqungquthela zentsholongwane, ukubonakala kweendawo eziphosiweyo kwesikhumba. I-scarlet fever iyaxhaphaka kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-2 ukuya kwe-10, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuqhuma kubonakala ebusika okanye entwasahlobo. Kwimeko ethile kwimiba engamashumi amabini kubantwana abanesifo somqala kunye nomkhuhlane ufunyanwa ngumkhuhlane obomvu. Ixesha lokuxubusha lifutshane (ngokuqhelekileyo iintsuku ezi-1-2). Amabala avela kwiintsuku ezingama-1-2 emva kokuqala kwesi sifo, ngokuqhelekileyo entanyeni nasesifuba, sisasazeka kuzo zonke izifo. Izifo ezihamba kunye nokukhwabanisa kwesikhumba zinokuba namaqondo ahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwimpawu, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo azibangele iimeko ezinobungozi kwaye zichithwa kakuhle unyango. Amabala aqhubekayo malunga neveki, emva kokunyamalala kwawo, ulusu kwi-groin kunye neengcebiso zeminwe neenzwane ziyakunqanda. I-scarlet fever iyaphathwa, njengemiphunga ye-throat, ne-antibiotics ezonakalisa iibhaktheriya, kunye nokuphumla, isiselo esininzi, i-analgesics kunye ne-antipyretic agents. Ngaphandle kwee-antibiotiki, umkhuhlane obomvu, njenge-tonsillitis, unokungena kwiintsholongwane zendlebe, i-sinusitis, ukuvuvukala kweengcungconi zentsholongwane yomlomo (lymphadenitis), ukuxhaswa kweetoni. Ingxaki ezinobungozi kakhulu yi-rheumatism kunye nomonakalo wezintso (glomerulonephritis) okanye intliziyo (cardiopathy ye-rheumatic). Inqanaba elifanelekileyo kakhulu lokuthintela ugonyo.
Rubella
I-Rubella yintsholongwane echaphazelayo yintsholongwane, apho ukubonakala kwimibala okanye ukugqithisa kwesikhumba kunye nokuvuvukala kweengqungquthela zentsholongwane. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubakho ebuntwaneni. Ukuba umntu omdala uyagula, i-rubella ngamabhinqa akhulelweyo maxa wambi iholela ekufeni komntwana ongakazalwa. Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwimihla engama-10-23 iintsuku, ukusuleleka kwenzeka iintsuku ezingama-1 ngaphambi kokuqala kokugqithisa, ukusuleleka kuqhubeka nezinye iintsuku ezingama-6-7 emva kokunyamalala kwayo. I-Rubella idlula phantse ngokungaqhelekanga okanye ihamba kunye nokunyuka kwexesha lokushisa. Ukuqhaqhazela okubomvu (kungabonakala ngendlela eyahlukileyo) kuqala kuvela ebusweni nasesifuba kwaye kwandiswe malunga nomzimba malunga neeyure ezingama-24. Ukugqithisa ngokuqhelekileyo kuyalala emva kweentsuku ezi-1-5. Ukongezelela, izigulane ezivuvuzayo, ngamanye amaxesha zibuhlungu. Akukho nonyango olusebenzayo lwe-rubella. Ukuba ihamba kunye nomkhuhlane kunye nokukhathazeka, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthathe imishanguzo yokuphucula le mpawu. Isitofu sokulwa nesifo semasisi, i-rubella kunye nama-mumps (MMR) liqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwi-rubella yobomi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba isitofu sokukhusela ikhusela sonke isifo kunye nokudluliselwa kwayo, ngoko ke, ukhusela abantwana bokamva.
Iimpawu
Iisisulu sisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa ngabameli beentsapho ze-paramyxoviruses. Iimfucu zithinteka kakhulu, zithunyelwa ngokuqhagamshelana ngqo kunye nomphathi okanye ngomoya (umzekelo, ngokukrazula). Umvuthwa oqhelekileyo uvela kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-1 ukuya kwimi-4, kodwa emva kokugonywa okukhulu, ukuqubuka kwinto engaqhelekanga. Ixesha lokukhushulwa lixesha malunga neentsuku ezili-10, ukuphakama kokusuleleka kwenzeka kwiintsuku ezine-5, nangaphambi kokuba iimpawu zokuqala zesifo zivele. Umvuthwa oqhelekileyo uhlala kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukusuka kwimiqondiso yokuqala. Emva kokuba esaphila kumasisi, umntwana ufumana umthambo wakhe ubomi. Ekuqaleni, kukho umkhuhlane, ukunyamekela, iimeko ze-catarrhal, i-hypersensitivity to light, conjunctivitis, ukukhwehlela. Ebusweni nasentanyeni kukho ukugqithisa okuqala ukusabalalisa wonke umzimba kunye nokuwugubungela kwiintsuku ezi-2. Kule nqanaba, umntwana unokuba nobushushu obuphezulu - ukuya kwi-40 C, kwezinye iimeko - iintlungu zesisu, isifo sohudo kunye nokuhlanza. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kwiimasisi, ingakumbi kwiintsana, izifo eziphakathi kwindlebe kunye nezifo zokuphefumula ezifana ne-pneumonia. Iingxube zingabonakali zibangele iingxaki ze-neurologic. Ngeenkqubo zokugonya zanamhlanje, ukuvuthwa kwemasisi kungabonakali, kunye nokusuleleka kukhuthazwa kwindawo yokuqala yokuphumla kunye neziyobisi ezinciphisa ubushushu kunye nokunciphisa ukukhwehlela.
I-Pox Pox
Esi sifo esithathelwanayo sibangela igciwane le-varicella zoster (VZV), yimbangela ye-herpes zoster (lichen) kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Kuzo zonke izifo ezihambisane nokugqithwa kwesikhumba, inkukhu iya kuthathwa njengowona oqhelekileyo. Intsholongwane yenkukhu ifunyanwe rhoqo kubantwana 2-8 iminyaka, ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMeyi. Abantu abadala banokusuleleka xa sele bengenayo ebuntwaneni babo. Ixesha lokutshala i-incubation lidlula ngokungapheliyo, malunga neveki ezimbini. Ilandelwa kukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kokushisa kunye nokunyuka, emzimbeni kunamabala amaninzi aqhubekekayo ukusasaza ebusweni nasemilenzeni kwenye intsuku ezi-3-4. Ngoko amabala ajika abe ngamabhulebhu. Njengoko eso sifo siyaqhubeka, ama-vesicles ayomile, endaweni yawo yenziwa i-scabs, ephela ngokukhawuleza. I-Varicella idluliselwa ngokuqhagamshelana ngqo kunye neengqungquthela, kwinqanaba ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwe-scab, kuba i-fluid equlethwe kuyo ine-concentration ephezulu yegciwane. Esi sifo sinokudluliselwa emoyeni, kunye neendlela zokuphefumula zabathwali besifo. Ubungakanani bentsholongwane bugcinwa kwiintsuku ezili-1 ngaphambi kokubonakala kweembombo kwaye zihlala iintsuku ezingama-5 emva kokuqala kwayo.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zeenkukhu zikhuselwe kwizifo zesibini kwiindawo ze-vesicles, zidla ngokubangelwa yi-bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ne-Staphylococcus pyogenes. Esibindi, ngamanye amaxesha izilonda zesilonda ezibangelwa yi-varicella-zoster virus ngokwayo, kwaye nangona kunqabile kunika izibonakaliso, nangona kunjalo, kunokuba nemiphumo yengqondo. I-virus ye-varicella-zoster nayo ibangela i-pneumonia kubantu abadala. Xa unyamezelo okanye unyango oluneziyobisi (i-chemotherapy, i-corticosteroids), umngcipheko we-varicella zoster oqatha nge-pneumonia kunye nezinye iingxaki ziphezulu kakhulu. Iingxaki ezinzulu kubantwana abunqabile. Unyango oluphambili lokunciphisa ukubetheka okubangelwa yi-vesicles, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ukusetyenziswa kwe-acyclovir, isilwanyana esichasene ne-virus ye-varicella.
I-erythema echaphazelekayo
I-erythema echaphazelekayo, okanye i-megaloeritis, ihamba kunye nokugqithwa kwesimo esifubeni kunye nezandla kunye nokuqhaqhaqhaqhalwa kwezihlathi. Kwakungelona nto into yokuba lesi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi "ukubetha ebusweni". I-Parvovirus ibangela i-erythema echaphazelekayo. Ngaphambi kokubonakala kwe-rash, iziganeko ze-catarrhal okanye i-pharyngitis ziyakwenzeka, kunye nokwanda kancinci kweqondo lokushisa. Uhlaselo lugcinwa kwixesha leeveki eziliqela okanye ngeenyanga, ngezinye izihlandlo ziphakanyiswe ilanga okanye ukushisa. Kubantu abadala, i-eryithema ihamba kunye nefuthe elivuthayo ebusweni, intlungu edibeneyo, kunye neempawu ze-arthritis. Izifo ngexesha lokukhulelwa azibangele ukungaqhelekanga kumntwana, kodwa kwandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu.
I-roseola yabantwana
U-Roseola (exanthem subitum), owaziwa nangokuthi "isithandathu sesifo", kubangelwa i-herpesvirus yesithandathu, luphawu lwe-fever high kunye ne-skin burn. I-Roseola ithinteka malunga ne-30% yabantwana abaneminyaka engama-4-24, ifunyanwe kubantwana abadala, kodwa kunqabile. Ubude bexesha lokutshatyalaliswa liyi-5-15 iintsuku. Esi sifo sifumaneka ngokulula ngokushisa okuphezulu nokugqithisa. Ukushisa kuqhubeka iintsuku eziyi-3-4, kwaye xa kuwela, ukugqithisa okubomvu kubonakala kuqala - esifubeni, ngoko kubuso, kwisisu nakwinqanaba elincinane. U-Roseola akayi kunika iingxaki, ngamanye amaxesha ufumanisa ukuba i-retrospectively, emva kokubonakala kwe-rash. Oku kuthetha ukuba inokudideka kunye ne-pharyngitis okanye ukusuleleka kwindlebe ngenxa yokushisa ngokudibanisa nomqala wesifo okanye entle. Ngoku siyazi ukuba zeziphi izifo zentsholongwane zabantwana.