Ukuyilwa apho umntwana osanda kuzalwa ebizwa ngokuba yi "incubator". Yenziwe ngento ebonakalayo - iplastiki ekhethekileyo - kunye nomsebenzi wokuxhasa amaqondo okushisa athile, ubuncitshisi, kunye nokunyaniseka.
Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokudala kunokubangela iingxaki ezichaphazela impilo kunye nophuhliso olungakumbi lomntwana. Ixesha lokubambana linxulumene ngqo nomphumo weengxaki ezinjalo. Ukusondela kokuzalwa komntwana kumhla wokulindela wokuzalwa, ngaphantsi kuya kuba neengxaki kwimpilo nophuhliso kwikamva.
Umntwana ozelwe kwixesha lakhe, ubunzima bokuzalwa buguquka ngaphakathi kwesiqhelo. Iintsana ezisemgangathweni, njengomthetho, zikhulu kakhulu xa zizalwa. Iintsana ezinjalo zidinga unyango olukhethekileyo lwezonyango, ekubeni imizimba yabo ayinaso ithuba lokuzigcina ngokupheleleyo ngokuzaliseka ngokuzimeleyo kwemisebenzi yabo. Ngenxa yoko, iintsana ezisenesikhathi esingaphantsi zibonakaliswe kwindalo, kwaye ingakumbi kwizifo, ezikhokelela kwizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
Ukunyamekela umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kwekota.
Umntwana ozalelwe phakathi kweeveki ezingama-32 neye-37 zesiganeko sithathwa njengesantya. Ngokunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo, abantwana abanjalo bathabatha ngokukhawuleza kunye nezinye izingane ekuphuculeni nasekuziphatheni.
Ukuba umntwana uzalwa engaphantsi kwamaviki angama-26 ekhulelwe, umntwana usenokuba neengxaki ezinjengeenkathazo zengqondo, ukukhubazeka kobuchopho kunye nezinye iziphoso ezingapheliyo. Abantwana abanjalo badinga iimeko ezizodwa zokuphila, ukondla okhethekileyo, kuba izitho zabo zokugaya aziqali ngokupheleleyo.
Ngethuba umntwana engagwinyi kwaye akakwazi ukuncila, unondliwa ngenye indlela okanye nge-tube ekhethekileyo. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukunondla umntwana onjalo ngokubonakalisa isifuba, njengoko iqukethe isilinganiselo esilungeleleneyo sezinto eziyimfuneko kumntwana, kunye neeprotheni ezikhuthaza ukukhula nokunceda umntwana ukuba alwe nezifo.
Iiveki zokuqala eziyi-6 zobomi bentsana engaphambi kokubaluleka. Ekubeni akunakwenzeka ukubonelela zonke iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ekuphuhlisweni komntwana onjalo, uhlala unonophelo olunzulu kwiinyanga eziliqela.
Xa kukho iimeko ezininzi, umntwana ukhutshwa ekhaya. Iimeko zilandelayo:
- Umntwana kufuneka agcine ukushisa komzimba kwisithuba sokuvulela iintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2;
- usana aludingi isondlo esikhethekileyo esongezelelweyo esenziwa ngethubhu, oko kukuthi, inokuyilisa kwaye izinge ngokwayo;
- ukukhula, uphuhliso lomntwana luzinzile.
Iingxaki zempilo ezinjalo kwiintsana zangaphambi komntwana.
- Umntwana ephupheni unokufumana ukuyeka ukuphefumula kwexesha elifutshane, ngenxa yesigqi somsebenzi wentliziyo iyancipha, kwaye ulusu luba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-apnea);
- Umntwana unzima ukuphefumula ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwemipompho;
- Umntwana akanakho amangqamuzana egazi abomvu egazini, kwaye le mizimba inobomi obufutshane kakhulu-oko kukuthi, ukubonakaliswa kwe-anemia. Maxa wambi lo mntwana kufuneka abe negazi;
- Usana lujoliswe ngakumbi kwizifo ezazisulelayo ngenxa yokungafaneleki ukusebenza kwe-immune system;
- Umntwana ufuna ukulawulwa okuqinileyo ngokwemali ye-bilirubin egazini, njengoko inokukhusela i-hyperbilirubinemia, i-jaundice engonakalisa ingqondo yengane.
Ukunyamekelwa kwintsapho kwintsana engaphambi komntwana.
Iintsana ezikhulelweyo zidinga ukunakekelwa okhethekileyo kunye nengqalelo ekhaya, kuthatha umama wengane ngaso sonke ixesha. Inkwenkwe idinga ingqalelo kunye nothando lwawo onke amalungu entsapho: ngenxa yale nto, umntwana uya kukhula kwaye akhule ngokuqhelekileyo. Kuyinto engathandekiyo ukunika umntwana osengumntwana kwangaphambili kunyaka wokuqala, kuba ufuna unonophelo olulodwa.
Usana oluzalwe ngaphambi kokuba i-term inomzimba obuthathaka kakhulu kwaye unomngcipheko ophezulu wezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukukhusela umntwana kwiqela elikhulu leendwendwe. Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abanezikhuhlane, umkhuhlane, umqala womlomo kunye nezinye izifo ezifayo kufuneka zingabi kufuphi nomntwana. Akukhuthazwa ukuthatha umntwana ngaphandle kwegumbi apho ekhona, ubuncinane ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezi-4. Igumbi lomntwana kuyimfuneko ukugcina ixesha eliqhelekileyo, elincinci, ukucoceka, ukuvuselela igumbi rhoqo. Ukubonelela le miqathango, unokukhusela iingxaki ezinkulu kwixesha elizayo.
Umntwana ufuna ukutya rhoqo - ukususela kuma-8 kuya kwezihlandlo ezili-10 ngosuku. Ngenxa yomngcipheko ophezulu wokungena kwi-enterocolitis (uhlobo lwesifo sesisu), kuyimfuneko ukunyusa umntwana ngokukhawuleza. Kubalulekile ukubeka iliso inkqubo yokubuyiswa emva kokutya. Ukuba ukuhlaziywa kukugqithiseleyo, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha, njengoko umntwana engayi kuzuza ubunzima. Iimviwo eziphakathi kokuncedisa kufuneka zingabi ngaphezu kwama-4 iiyure ukuphepha ukungcola kwintsana.
Umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kokuba ixesha libe nesidingo sokwanda. Kubalulekile ukubonelela zonke iimeko zokulala ngokufanelekileyo: ukubeka umthamo onzima kwaye ungavumeli umntwana ukuba alale kwi-tummy. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sokufa ngokukhawuleza kwiphupha.
Emva kokukhutshwa komntwana osesikhatywayo esibhedlele sokubeletha, kunokufuneka ukuba usebenzise izixhobo zonyango ezikhethekileyo, umzekelo, umlenze wokuphefumula. Akukhona nje kuphela umama womntwana, kodwa onke amalungu entsapho kufuneka abe nezakhono zokusingatha eso sixhobo - ukuze inzuzo yomntwana. Kufuneka ukuba uncedo lokuqala lokuqala. Kwakhona, akuyi kuba yinto engathandabuzekiyo ukuthatha iingcebiso kumgqirha, uprinte kwaye uwaxhomeke kwigumbi labantwana kwindawo ebonakalayo.
Ishedyuli yegciwane lokukhusela bonke abantwana liyafana. Iintsana zokuqala zibalulekile zonke iintsholongwane, ngoko kunqweneleka ukuba zihambelane ngqo nale shedyuli.
Ukuba ukunyamekela umntwana kulungile, uya kukhawuleza ukufumana oontanga ekuphuhliseni kwaye uya kuba nempilo epheleleyo.