Xa uneminyaka engama-7 ukuya kweyisithoba, kukho ukuphuculwa ngokukhawuleza kwengqondo yoluntu, ingqiqo (ingqiqo) kunye nemisebenzi yengqondo: unemiqondiso yokulungelelanisa kwihlabathi elidala kunye nendlela enokuqonda ngayo izenzo zakhe. Ukususela kwiminyaka elixhenxe umntwana uqala ukuya esikolweni. Amaklasi kulo akhuthaza ukuba ineminyaka engama-9 umntwana uya kulungiswa ngakumbi. Ekuphuhlisweni komntwana ukususela kwiminyaka esixhenxe ukuya kweyisithoba, iinkalo ezininzi ziza kubonwa: ukuphuhliswa ngokwenyama, ukuphuhliswa kwamakhono okuqonda (kubandakanye nokukwazi ukulungisa iingxaki kunye nokuqiqa), ukuphuhliswa kwamandla okuzibonakalisa kunye nobudlelwane boluntu. Inkqubo yokwazisa ngokubanzi ngokwemigangatho iya kuchazwa njengento yokucinga, ukucinga kunye nokukhumbula.
Impembelelo yabazali
Xa uneminyaka engama-7, umntwana uvumela abazali ukuba bakhokele ubomi bakhe kwindlela abajonga ngayo. Nangona umntwana ekhula njengomntu, ngokuqhelekileyo uyavuma ukuba abazali bakhetha indawo yakhe yokuhlala, ukutya, isikolo nokuphumla. Kule minyaka, umntwana unesithuthuthu, iincwadi, ikhomputha, izixhobo zemidlalo, ngamanye amaxesha ikhamera elula. Abantwana abaneminyaka ezisixhenxe, njengomthetho, bafana omnye kumnye kwimpahla kunye nemisebenzi.
Iinkalo ezibalulekileyo zokuphuhliswa komntwana ophakathi kweminyaka yobudala (6-12 iminyaka):
• uvuyo lokwazi umhlaba ngaphandle kwentsapho;
• uphuhliso lwezesondo;
• ukuvela kwemigaqo yokuziphatha;
• ukuphuhlisa izakhono zokuqonda.
Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha
Abantwana abaneminyaka engama-7 ukuya kweyisithoba banomdla kakhulu kwizinto ezilungileyo, into embi, oko baya kuhlwayelwa, kwaye kutheni badunyiswa. Ukuphuhliswa kwabo kwinqanaba xa imigaqo yokuziphatha iba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi. Nangona kunjalo, izigwebo zabo malunga nokuhle nokubi zikwinqanaba elithile: abahluli phakathi kokulimala okusemthethweni nangokwemiphumo. Umzekelo, unokubuza umntwana ukuba luhlobo luni lokuziphatha kakubi olubhekiselele ngakumbi:
• Intombazana ithwala iikomityi ezimbalwa, izitya kunye namacwecwe kwi-tray. Intombazana iyahamba, i-tray isuka ezandleni zayo, kwaye zonke izitya ze-porcelain ziphukile. Umntwana uthukuthelele unina kwaye uphonsa ipuleti phantsi ngomsindo; iplatti iphukile. Uninzi lwabantwana abaselula luya kufumana ukuba kwimeko yokuqala intombazana yenza into engalunganga kakhulu, kuba yaphula izitya ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kweyisithoba, abantwana baqala ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba into ephambili ayiyiphumo yesenzo, kodwa injongo. Abantwana phakathi kweminyaka engama-ezisixhenxe kunye nesithoba basacetyiswa ukuba bathathe inyathelo. Baqala ukusebenzisa i-logic elula, kwaye kwikamva baya kuhlakulela ukucinga okunengqiqo okuya kunceda ekuxazululeni iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zobomi. Abantwana abahamba kweli nqanaba banokudiliza iidodoli ngokuhambelana nokukhula kwabo, ngokubhekiselele ekubukeni kwabo, kodwa abanako ukuyicombulula, umzekelo, le ngxaki elandelayo: "Ukuba idonsa A iphezulu kunodonki B, kodwa ngaphantsi kwedonki B, yintoni idonsa eyona mde kakhulu?" Isisombululo kuyimfuneko yokucinga nokucatshulwa, okusemthethweni, okuqala ukukhula kwiminyaka eyi-10-11.
Inyaniso kunye neFiction
Ukubonakala kwemigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nomnqweno wokukhangela inyaniso epheleleyo kwenzeka kubantwana xa beqala ukungabaza ukuba khona kweSanta Claus nokubuza abantu abadala malunga nokufa. Ngeminyaka elinesibhozo, abantwana banokuthi bathethe inyaniso kwinyani kwaye abayi kukholelwa ukuba abantwana baziswa ngama-storks. Ngeminyaka eyi-8 ubudala, abantwana banokwenziwa ngokugqithiseleyo: bathanda amabali ngabantu abaye babonisa isibindi okanye ubulumko, okanye ngabantu abadala abaqhelekileyo okanye abantwana abaye bahlakulela amakhono angaqhelekanga. Kulo nyaka, abaninzi abantwana bafumana iincwadi zeencwadi kwaye banandipha ukufunda, ngokukodwa kwiintsapho apho abazali bathanda ukufunda khona, kwaye ukubukela i-TV kumkhawulo. Izakhono zombane zomntwana ziyaqhubeka zikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye oku, kunye ne-power power and enthusiasm, kumvumela ukuba akwazi ukwenza izinto ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, ukudweba, ukuthunga nokudlala amathoyizi enjengomzila wesitimela.
Ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo
Uqeqesho oluqhelekileyo ludinga ukunyamezela nokunyamezela ukugqiba imisebenzi. Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana abaneminyaka engama-ezisi-9 bayadinwa kwaye banomsindo kwaye bacinezeleke. Basenokuba ngabanabodwa, kodwa isabelo kunye nokuzithiba kule minyaka zibuthathaka. Ukuba abantwana bekhathele, baqala ukuziphatha njengancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukususela kwiminyaka yesibhozo i-psyche yengane iya kuba yomelele ngakumbi, ayixhomekeke kunabantu abadala kwaye ayinabantwana abancinci. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana unomhlobo omhle onokuyidlala naye kwaye athethe iiyure ngaphandle kokungenelela kwabadala.
Imidlalo enamandla
Abantwana abaneminyaka engama-7 ukuya kweyisithoba banomlinganiselo omkhulu wamandla abafuna ukuzenza ngokomzimba, njengentenethi, ukubhukuda, ibhola lebhola, ukugijima, ukukrazula kunye nokulwa. amagama, kunokuba baxabane). Imidlalo yezingane inamandla kakhulu kangangokuba ngamanye amaxesha ityitha abazali kunye nootitshala. Ngako oko akumangalisi ukuba abantwana beli qela elidala badinga ukulala malunga neeyure ezingama-70 ngeveki, oko kukuthi, iiyure eziyi-10 nganye ebusuku. Abantwana abaninzi balele ngaphantsi, kodwa oogqirha bayalumkisa ukuba ukhathala okungapheliyo okubangelwa ukungabikho kokulala kukuchaphazela ukuphuhliswa kwezikolo kunye nentlalo yoluntu.
Izidingo zokutya
Ukungondleki kwesondlo kukubangela ukuba uxhalabele oogqirha kunye nabazali babantwana kweli qela leminyaka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana abanasidlo sakusihlwa ekhaya, badla isidlo sasekuseni esikolweni kwindawo eyomileyo kunye nokutya ngokutya ebusuku. Iidemon kunye nootitshala bakholelwa ukuba ekusebenzeni kakuhle esikolweni nasentlalweni yesiganeko, abantwana badinga ukutya okunokulinganisela ekhaya nasezikolweni.