Abazali abanqwenela ukujwayelana nesiseko sezesayensi apho iziphakamiso zokusungulwa kokusondeza kokuqala kokuncedisa iintsana zisekelwe, sincoma ukuba ufunde ngokucophelela izinto ze-World Health Organization kunye ne-International Lia League ("LLL") .Iinconywa ezisemthethweni kuphela ukuncelisa ilanga ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-6 Emva kokuzalwa, ukufikelela kulo nyaka, umntwana akafumanekanga ngamanzi, iisero, okanye ezinye ukutya. Iinyanga ezi-6 ngumlinganiselo ongaphantsi kokuqala kokutya okuncedisayo. kwaye emva koko. Ukongezelela okubalulekileyo: phantsi kokuncelisa okuthe ngqo, i-WHO ichaza imigaqo.
1. Umntwana omncinci ufumana ubisi lwebele rhoqo ngokuthanda kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lesicelo ngasinye kwisifuba asikhawulelwanga.
2. Iimpawu zinyanzeliso, kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukulala ngokubambisana nomama.
3. Ngethuba lokusungulwa kwesondlo sokuqala esongezelelweyo, umntwana akanakunyuswa ekusebenziseni i-pacifiers, ingono kunye neebhotile.
Kukho iqela elihle labantwana abaneminyaka engama-6 ubudala, abakulungele ukufunda enye into ngaphandle kobisi besifazane. Oku kubangelwa ngokukodwa kwizinto ezikhethekileyo zokuvuthwa kwephepha lomzimba. Ziziphi iintlobo zezingane ezingakulungele ukuqaliswa kokutya okuncedisayo ngomnyaka wesigqi? Aba bantwana, abahlala begula, basemngciphekweni wezilwanyana eziza kuzalwa ngenxa yecandelo lesigqirha (okanye ngenye ingenelelo lonyango), ekuthuthukisweni kwayo imoto kunye nabangenako ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokutya. Kwaye kunye neentsana, ezifunyenwe ngaphambili, ngaphezu kobisi lwebele, ukutya okuncedisayo, utywala okanye amayeza. Kodwa kule nto akukho ntoyikekayo! Unokulinda ngokukhuselekileyo ixesha lakho, ukuqhubeka nokunyamezela ngokupheleleyo nokujonga ukuthotyelwa kobunzima kunye nokuphakama komntwana ngeminyaka yakhe yobudala.
Indlela yokulungiselela umntwana ngokusesikweni kokutya okuncedisayo kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa ukondla kokusondeza kokuqala kokuncedisa iintsana?
Enye yezinto ezisisiseko zokuqeqesha, njengoko sele zikhankanywe ngaphambili, kubakho ububele bokuncelisa. Ubisi lobamama ukuba izinto ezijongene nokuvuthwa kwe-enzymatic system yesisu, ukubunjwa kwe-intestinal microflora, ukudala umqobo wokungena kwamagciwane kwigazi, kunye nakwezinye izinto ezininzi zokulungela.
Isinyathelo esibalulekileyo esilandelayo kwisingeniso sesondlo sokuqala esongezelelweyo siza kulwa nolutsha lwekhitshi kunye nokuziphatha kwitheyibhile. Yongamela zonke iziphene ezenziwe ngokutya eziya kwenza umntu omncinci ukuba akhe isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo sokutya. Intsana inomdla kuzo zonke izinto: apho zigcinwa khona iimveliso, ukuba zikhangeleka njani kwifom eluhlaza, ukuba zenzani ngokulungiselela ukutya, ziphi na ukuvumba, indlela efanelekileyo ngokuvisisana ngayo kunye nesidlo. Ngelinye igama, ilungu elitsha lentsapho kuzo zonke iindlela ezitholakalayo kuye lithatha inkcubeko yesimo sengqondo ngokutya okuyimpawu zentsapho, kwaye ihambelana nemigaqo-siseko yokuziphatha etafileni. Iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo kweli nqanaba:
Vumela umntwana ukuba abe khona kufuphi nawe xa upheka;
ngokuqhelekileyo uyithatha nawe itafile ngexesha lokutya.
Iintsana ezinezinyanga ezi-4-6 zivame ukubonisa umdla ngokuqinisekileyo kwezi zifundo abazibonayo etafileni ngexesha lokutya kwasekuseni. Ngamanye amaxesha lo mdla othabathayo uthathelwa ukuvalelwa yindlala kwaye, "ngokuzisola" umntwana, baqala ukuzisa ukutya okuncedisayo.Ukuveliswa kokusondeza kokuqala kwintsana kunokuba nzima kumama, umntwana unokuzithemba. Awuyi kwenza loo mpazamo! , iiplate, i-napkins kunye nezinye izinto ezinqwenelekayo eziphambi kwakhe.Ufuna ukuxelisa izenzo zabantu abadala: ikhupha i-spoon emlonyeni wakhe, ikhuphe indebe, iyifake emlonyeni wayo iphinde ihlase i-napkin. Ufuna ukuyihlolisisa iipropati zezinto zeetafile: ukuba zidibanisa njani, zivumba, kodwa nokuba ubeka kwiilwimi, ubhekisisa ngendlela abantu abadala bahlafuna ngayo kwaye badla ukutya, bafikelela kumama okanye uTata emlonyeni wakhe, bazama ukuphinda ukuphinda nokutya okunjalo, ngoko siza kumnika umntwana etafuleni yonke into esiyicinga ukuba ivumelekile - ezo zinto , engammlimazi kwaye ungakhathazeki malunga nokukhuselwa kwayo.) Xa inkwenkwe ibuhlungu kwiingalo zakho, mnike ithoyiyitha, uyibeke phantsi ngaphantsi komgangatho, makhe ahlole nezinye izinto zokusetyenziswa kwekhitshini (izimbiza, i-ladles, njl.).
Masibhale into ethethiweyo kwaye sigxininise imisebenzi ephambili yoluhlu lokuqhelana nokutya kwabantu abadala kwaye baqhelane nokuqaliswa kwesondlo sokuqala olongezelelweyo kumntwana.
1. Intsana iqaphelisisa izigaba zokupheka nokubonakala kwitheyibhile ekhitshini.
2. Uhlola iipropati zezo zinto ezisetyenziselwa ukutya.
3. I-crumb ifumana ingcamango yokuqala malunga nemigaqo yokuziphatha etafileni.
4. Ukwazisa ingcamango jikelele yomntu ngesimo sokutya.
Sekulungele?
Indlela yokuchonga ukuba umntwana usulungele ukuqaliswa kokutya okudibeneyo? Iqela lokuqala leempawu
ngenxa yokuqala kwesigaba esithile sokuphuhliswa kwengqondo yomntwana. Yiyiphi indlela oku kubonakaliswa ngayo?
I-crumb yafikelela kwindawo efanelekileyo yokuphuhliswa komzimba.
Umntwana unokuzimela ngokuzimela ngokubamba ukutya ngesandla, ukuzise emlonyeni, ubeke iimpawu zokutya emlonyeni wakhe, ukuhlafuna, ukugwinya okanye ukukhahlela xa engathandi.
Ngaba uyakwazi ukucela ukutya, ubonise iimpawu zokuhamba, iimpawu okanye izandi, yiyiphi imveliso ayifunayo ngoku.
Unokubonisa ngokucacileyo ukungafuni ukuhlala etafileni ngokuqhubekayo.
Isikhumbuzo sakhe sokucima kolwimi siyacinywa: ululaza ngokulula kwiintlobo ngeengcezu zokutya, engabinxibekanga kwaye angabi nxamnye nesifiso sokuhlanza. Ukuqaliswa kwesondlo sokuqala olongezelelweyo kumntwana kulungelelaniswa nobuchule bokufunda komntwana.
Ukubonakala kwenzala yokutya okwenyaniso kwintsana
Inzala imiselwe ngokutya, kungekhona kwizinto ezibekwe kwitheyibhile.
Umntwana akahlaliseli, ukuba endaweni yokutya uzonwa ukudlala kunye neetwareware, amathoyizi, i-napkins kunye neepane.
Intsana ayinomdla kwindlela abantu abadala abadla ngayo, abafikeli kubo emlonyeni xa befuna.
Akunakwenzeka ukuba uya kuvuma ukuncelisa isifuba endaweni yokutya.
Kukho umdla wokutya ozinzileyo: lo msebenzi uya kuba yinkqubo, kungekho ixesha elilodwa. Iqela lesibini leempawu zokulungela ukuqaliswa kokutya okuncedisayo kubangelwa ukuqala kwesigaba esifanelekileyo sokuvuthwa kwendlela yokuxhamla. Yintoni ebandakanywe kweli qela?
Ukungabikho kokuphendula emva kokufunda umkhiqizo omtsha.
Ukungabikho kokuhlanza emva kokuthatha ukutya "abadala".
Azikho iingxaki ngokutya emva kokusampula kokutya okungaqhelekanga (ukunqandwa, isifo sohudo, ukuvuvukala).
Ukuba ubuncinane enye yale mpawu emva kokusungulwa kokutya okudibeneyo, masinganyakazi! Isondlo sesisu somntwana asilungele ukutyalwa kunye nokufana nokutya okudibeneyo. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuncelisa ibele, ulinde ukusabalalisa ngokupheleleyo kwemiphumo engathandekiyo yokusungulwa kwesidlo esitsha nokuphinda imizamo ngexesha elingaphantsi kweveki enye. Oko kukuthi, umntwana ukhula ngokwaneleyo, umdla wokutya ozinzile kwaye akukho ziphumo ezingathandekiyo ezivela kwinqanaba lokunyamekela ukuba uncedise ukutya. Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko, ukuqaliswa kokutya kwabantu abadala kuya kuqwalaselwa kungekudala.
Imigaqo ebalulekileyo yokwethulwa kwesondlo sokuqala esongezelelweyo
Into ephambili kunye ebaluleke kakhulu: ukuncelisa kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo uhlale ebusweni bentsana kumqulu ofanayo. Akukho sizathu sokunciphisa inani leziqhotyoshelweyo kwisifuba.
Isingeniso sesondlo esongezelelweyo kunye nokuncelisa isisu ziinkqubo ezimbini ezifanayo ezikwenza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo kwaye zinenjongo ezahlukileyo. Ngendlela, umntwana ubeka ngokucacileyo le mi sebenzi: umzekelo, ukulala, usadinga isifuba, kungekho igrama ye-cottage cheese, kwaye uzinqamle emva kokuba uxinzelelo olufumeneyo - naye.
Umgaqo wesibini obalulekileyo : umkhwa wakhiwa kwimveliso yokutya komama. Kwakukho nabo ukuba umntwana waqhelana nexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuncelisa, baya kuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhelanisekanga nabangenabungozi nabokutya "abadala".
Kucetyiswa ukuba unike umntwana umntwana ukutya okufanayo okwenziwa ngesikhashana kwitafile jikelele. Siyathemba ukuba ukutya kwakho okunempilo kwaye kuyahlukahluka ukuze kulungele kunye nemivumba. Ukuba akunjalo, ke lixesha lokuqinisekisa ukuba imenyu yakho yentsapho inokubaluleka kakhulu: iimveliso zendalo ziphekwe kwi-steamed, ebilisiwe okanye ziyabhaka; izithelo kunye nemifuno; ingqolowa epheleleyo, kungekhona isonka esimhlophe. Gwema iimasike zoshishino, i-sausages, i-pastries edibeneyo, kwakunye nemveliso eqingqiweyo, ongayithandabuzekiyo. Umthetho wesithathu: ngokukhawuleza siqhele ukuba umntwana adle ngokuzimela. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uncedo oluncinci luvumelekile: unina ubeka ilondolozo lokulondolozwa kwintsholongwane emntwaneni, ukhuthaza ukuhamba kakuhle, ukulawula indlela aziphatha ngayo, ukubeka iimvuthu ngamadolo. Kodwa umntwana oye wahlala ngokugqibeleleyo ngexesha lokulungiselela ukutya okuncedisayo kwaye waqala ukuqhelana nokutya kwabantu abadala ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuye, ngokuqinisekileyo akwazi ukusebenzisa inkompo, i-spoon, unokunikela ngokuchanekileyo izibhamo zokutya emlonyeni. Umgaqo wesine wesiseko: umntwana usuqale uvelise iimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Iziqu zamanzi ahlukeneyo, amazambane ahlambulukileyo, iziqhamo zemifuno okanye iziqhamo, iimpahla ezikhuniweyo, ukutya okusanhlamvu. Kubalulekile ukufundisa umntwana ukuba asebenzise ngokupheleleyo izixhobo zamathambo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphucula izakhono zokuhlafuna nokugwinya.
Umgaqo wesihlanu obalulekileyo : umjikelo opheleleyo wesondlo esongezelelweyo yithuba lonyaka owodwa.
I-WHO ikhuthaza ukunciphisa izinga lokunyuka komthamo womntu omdala wokutya, ukugxininisa ukuba ukuya kwiminyaka enye nesiqingatha, ubisi lwebele kufuneka lube yinto yokutya eyona nto.
Xa ungeke uqale ukukhanga?
Imeko xa ukuqaliswa kokutya okungeyomfuneko akufanele kuqhutywe, enyanisweni, akunjalo.
Umntwana ugula ngento ethile, uhlaselwa uviwo lwezonyango, athabatha unyango, okanye uya esibhedlele.
Kwafika ixesha lokusebenza kunye nokubuhlungu. Umama waya emsebenzini, wafunda, okanye wagula ngokukhawuleza.
Intsapho isanda kuthuthela kwindawo entsha yokuhlala. Ubomi bomntwana kwakukho umfana okanye elinye ilungu lentsapho.
Iintsapho zinenkxalabo: umzekelo, ukuqhawula umtshato, ukulungiswa, ukufa kwezihlobo, ukuxabana kwekhaya. Kwakukho utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwaye luphawu olubalulekileyo kumbutho wobomi bomntwana (waqala ukutyelela echibini, ukuphuhlisa iiklasi, waya kunye nonina elwandle, njl.).
Ukuqala, kunye nokuqaliswa kwesondlo sokuqala esongezelelweyo, kubalulekile ukuba iintsana zikhethe ixesha elifanelekileyo elingahambelani neemeko ezingentla. Kucetyiswa ukuba ulinde de kubekho ubomi, umntwana uya kulungelelanisa neemeko ezintsha, impilo yakhe iya kuba yinto evamile kwaye kuphela emva kwesi sicwangciso ukuba siqhelane nokutya okutsha.