Ubuninzi bokuvavanya (ubuchule bokuphulaphula) bubekwe bubungakanani bombundu we-audible. Iindumiso ziqhelekile ukuba siva intetho yokuhlekisayo kumgama weemitha ezili-6, othethiweyo kumgama weemitha ezili-6. Kungekudala, kweli lizwe ngenxa yezizathu ezifihlakeleyo, ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe (ukuthuluba) phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo kuye kwabonwa. Ngokwezibalo, abantu abangaphezu kwe-6% babantu abanenkinga yokuvalelwa kwee-degrees. Ukufumanisa ngokungenakunyameko ukuphulwa okunjalo, unyango olunyanzeliswayo ugqirha luhlala lukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwincinci okanye kuphele ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko, ukungavalelwa kwintetho kubantwana kunye neendlela zokulungiswa kwabo kuyisihloko sencoko yanamhlanje.
Ukuba sithetha ngomntu omdala, isithulu sinamandla okulinganisa ukusebenza, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukukhubazeka okupheleleyo, ubunzima bokuthetha nabantu. Okubaluleke nakakhulu yimiphumo yokulahlekelwa kwindlebe yabantwana abancinci. Bamele bafunde ukuthetha ngokuchanekileyo, ukuxelisa oko bakuva kubantu abadala. Yingakho ubukho bentetho efanelekileyo kukuba yenye yeemeko ezinyanzelekileyo zokuphuhlisa intetho yengqondo yengane. Umntwana onokukhubazeka udlala emva koontanga lwakhe ngokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, ufumana ubunzima bokufunda esikolweni, unokutshutshiswa ngokungathandabuzeki ngongxaki kunye noqhagamshelwano, kunye nokukhetha ukhetho.
Yintoni ebangela ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe?
Oogqirha bahlula phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungahambi kakuhle kwintetho kubantwana: isisithulu sinokuzalwa kunye nokufunyanwa. Iimbangela ezibangelwa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, kuninzi, kwaye zihluke kakhulu:
• Amacandelo angaphandle angasetyenziselwa i-canal kunye ne-sulfur plugs;
• Izifo zesigxina se-nasal and nasopharynx (i-adenoids, i-rhinitis enobuchopho kunye nengunaphakade, i-sinusitis embi kwaye ingapheliyo, i-pollinosis, i-curvature ye-septum yempumlo);
• Izifo ezinokukhukhumeza kunye nezingekho ukuvuvukala kwimbumba kunye nethubhu yokuhlola;
• iisambu zengxoworha yokuphicothwa kwangaphandle kunye ne-tympanum;
• Ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa ukulahlekelwa kweendlebe;
• izifo ezichaphazelekayo kunye neemeko;
• izifo zokugula (isifo sikashukela, iinjongo, igazi, njl njl.), Malunga noko kungatshintsha ukuva;
• ukusebenzisa i-antibiotics ethile (i-neomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, i-monomycin, njl. Njl), kunye nezinye i-diuretics;
• ukuzalisa izifo;
• Impembelelo yengxolo yezentengiselwano, izindlu kunye nezithuthi, ukunyakaza;
• iingxaki zesisombululo;
• utywala (i-carbon monoxide, i-mercury, inkokheli, njl);
• kusetyenziswe ixesha elide le-microphones;
• uninzi lweenguqu ezinxulumene nobudala kwiindlebe zangaphakathi nakwiindawo eziphambili zentengiso yoncedo, njl.
Njani ukuqonda ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe?
Ubuninzi bezifo ezihamba kunye nokukhubazeka kweendlebe kufuna ukuxilongwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokufumaneka kweendlela ezithembekileyo zophando. Namhlanje ukuqaphela ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kwenziwa:
• ngohlobo lwe-audiometry ye-tonal - xa iimbundu ze-audible zilinganiswa kwii-frequencies ezahlukeneyo;
• ukusebenzisa i-audiometry yokuthetha-ukubeka ipesenti yentetho ebonakalayo;
• ngosizo lwefolokhwe yokucoca - le ndlela yasendulo ayizange ilahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwayo kwimihla yethu.
Izindlela zokulungisa ukukhubazeka kweentetho kubantwana
Ukunyangwa kwesithulu kunzima kakhulu nanamhlanje. Ngokumalunga nemisebenzi yokuphuculwa komphicothi-zincwadi zanamhlanje, zisebenza kuphela ngezithulu ezibangelwa yi-otosclerosis, i-azithric otitis media, i-azithric otitis media, engapheliyo i-otitis media, kubantwana abanokukhubazeka kokuvalelwa, okokuqala. Ngokuphathelele unyango lokulahlekelwa kwindlebe, iyeza lingazange lenze amanyathelo angundoqo kwiminyaka yamuva nje, kwaye unyango lwe-neuritis yeentsholongwane zokufunda aluhlali lungasebenzi.
Kugqirha ngokukhawuleza!
Inzululwazi ibonakalise kwaye iyenze iqinisekise ukuba ukukhubazeka kweendlebe kubantwana kufuneka kufunyanwe kwiinyanga zokuqala zokuphila ukuze kuqhutywe imisebenzi yokubuyisela nokubuyisela kwixesha elibuhlungu kakhulu lokuphulaphula nokuthetha intetho. Enye yeendlela ezinokuthenjelwa namhlanje ukulungiswa kokuva ngoncedo lwencedo lokuphulaphula.
Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, xa umgangatho wezinto zokuqala zokuncedwa kwezinto ezithintekayo ukushiya kakhulu ukufunwa, izigulane zicinga ukuba ziyingozi. Enyanisweni, ezo zixhobo zaphazamisa kakhulu isandi, senza isandi, asikwazi ukutshintshwa ngokubhekiselele kwimpawu zomntu ngamnye. Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ngoko isayensi ithathe inyathelo eliphambili. Namhlanje, ukuncediswa kwindlebe yinkqubo ephezulu kakhulu ye-microelectronic yekhwalithi ephezulu, ehlawulisa ngempumelelo nayiphi na iqondo lokulahlekelwa kwindlebe. Kuzo zonke iindidi zeemodeli, kunokwenzeka ukwenza inkqubo yokukhethwa kokuqala kwezixhobo ngokuchaneka okwaneleyo. Ngenxa yohlengahlengiso lweempawu ze-amplitude-frequency, iqondo eliphezulu lokukhulisa kunye nokuqondakala kwengxolo linikezelwa.
Uncedo lwexesha lokunamhlanje luquka imakrofoni ezwayo kwaye iguqula izandi ezizungezile zibe yimpawu zombane, i-amplifier ye-elektroniki, umthamo wevolumu kunye neetoni, umthombo wamandla (ibhetri okanye iselfowuni) kunye nomnxeba oguqula izibonakaliso zamagetsi zibe zibonakaliso ze-acoustic.
Ukukhethwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo zokuvavanya ziyakwazi ukufaka isandla ekuphuhlisweni kweengxowa zengxoxo. Ubonakala eqeqesha abahlalutyi abaphicothiweyo, kubandakanywa namasebe abo asekuhlaleni kwe-cortex ye-cerebral, kwaye ivelisa kuphela inzuzo kumntwana.
Indlela yokukhetha uncedo lokuphulaphula umntwana?
Kwangaphambili umntwana ongenakunyakazwa unethuba lokusebenzisa uncedo lokuphulaphula, olungcono. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba ugqirha efumene ukukhubazeka kokuvalelwa, abazali kufuneka bathe banxibelelane ngokukhawuleza kwintetho yeengxoxo kwaye bafumane intetho kwi-anesthesia yegumbi lokuphulaphula. Akunakwenzeka ukuluyeka ixesha elide le shishini phantsi kwengqiqo yokuba umntwana usemncinci, kufuneka uyinike into encinane ukuba ikhule.
Isigaba sokunyanzela ukuphuhliswa kwentetho kwintsana eneentetho eziqhelekileyo yithuba lokujonga kwakhe, xa umntwana engakwazi ukuphulaphula kodwa engathethi. Ixesha elifanayo lihlala kwiinyanga ezili-18 ukususela ngexesha lokuzalwa kwaye oogqirha bathi "iminyaka yobudala". Ukuba ukuva kwengane ixinezelekile, akayi kukwazi ukwahlula kwaye akhumbule amacandelo amanqaku okuthetha kwaye ekugqibeleni ayeke ukuphendula. Kule meko, ukunyamalala ngokupheleleyo kweentlobo zeendlebe ezingasetyenziswanga ziyakwenzeka. Ukuthintela oku, kufuneka ukwandise umthamo wenkulumo ngoncedo lwentlanganiso yokuncedisa ukunika umntwana ithuba lokukuqonda ngokuqhelekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, akubona bonke abantwana abanokukhubazeka abanokuboniswa ukuva. Awukwazi, umzekelo, ukuwasebenzisa kwezinye izifo zesifo sengqondo (umzekelo, ngesifo sokuhluthwa okanye isifo se-syndromes), ukuba zikhona izifo zeentloko zokuphulaphula kwaye zichaze ukuphulwa komsebenzi we-vestibular, kunye nokukhokelela kwenkqubo yokuvutha kwindlebe, njl njl. Lo mbuzo ugqityiwe kuphela ngugqirha.
Ukuncedwa kwenyango kukhethwe ngabanye ngabanye abantwana abanokukhubazeka, ngokuqwalasela iimpawu zayo kunye nolwazi lwe-audiometric. Into ephambili kukuba idivayisi inceda umntwana ukuba aqonde ingcamango yentetho kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye ebonakalayo.
Yiva isandi sehlabathi
Kwimeko yokukhathazeka kweentetho kubantwana, iindlela zokulungiswa kwazo zingahluka. Iingcali zicebisa uncedo lokuvalelwa ngabantwana ngoncedo lwezixhobo ezimbini - oko kuthiwa yi-binaural prosthetics. Yenza kube lula ukucacisa ulwalathiso lwesandi, esibaluleke kakhulu-umntwana kufuneka azi apho ukuthutha kuvela khona, apho umntu ekuthiwa yiyo, njl.
Uluhlu lokuhlalutya kolwazi lwangenayo luphela kuphela ukuba kukho ababini "abalamkeli" abalinganayo. Ngokusekelwe kwimiphumo yezifundo ezininzi, kwafunyanwa ukuba, ngenxa yokubhenqa i-binaural prosthetics, abantwana bangcono bahlule izandi ezizungezile kwaye, oko kubaluleke kakhulu, intetho yabantu.
Umntwana ufuna i-earmold yomntu ngamnye (IVF), ngenxa yokuba umgangatho, osetyenziswa ngabantu abadala, awuhambisani. I-IPM inokuphinda iphendule ngokupheleleyo umgca womngcipheko weendlebe zomntwana, owanikezela ukulungiswa okumanyanisiweyo, okunethezeka kunye nokwethenjelwa endlebeni. Iikhompyutha zobuchwepheshe zanamuhla zenza ukuba kube lula ukufaka izinto ezintle ezizodwa kunye nezinto ezizodwa. Kwaye, ekungabikho kwe-IPM, kunokuhle kube nokunciphisa ubuncinane befuthe leencedisi zokuvalelwa, nangona ukuba uncedo lokuphulaphulwa luncedo oluphezulu.
Abazali bafanele baqonde kwaye baqonde ukuba uncedo lokuphulaphulwa lusetyenziswe ukuba luhlale luqabane lomntwana onendlebe. Isixhobo kufuneka sigqitywe ngokukhawuleza, njengoko sisukuma ekuseni, singasuswanga ngexesha lomhla kwaye ngaphambi kokuba silale ukuze sihlanganyele nayo. Ngaloo ndlela kuphela umntwana uya kuba nethuba lokuzisebenzisa kwizixhobo zokusebenza, ukufunda indlela yokusingatha kakuhle. Kule meko, isixhobo siya kuba ngumncedi wenene womntu okhulayo.